scholarly journals The effect of low initial medium pH on in vitro white poplar growth

2013 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Branislav Kovacevic ◽  
Dragana Miladinovic ◽  
Marina Katanic ◽  
Zoran Tomovic ◽  
Sasa Pekec
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
The Media ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Shoot Mass

The effect of low initial medium pH on shoot and root development of five white poplar (Populus alba L.) genotypes was tested. The shoot height, fresh mass of shoots per jar, dry mass of shoots per jar, number of roots, as well as the length of the longest root were measured and final pH of the media determined, after 35 days of culture in vitro. Three initial pH values of the medium were tested: 3.0, 4.0 and 5.5 as control. Agar solidification at pH 3.0 was not achieved after sterilization in autoclave, but it was successful after sterilizing in a microwave oven. The obtained results indicate that the tested genotypes are able to significantly influence the changes of media pH during culture. The effect of differences among the examined media was significant for biomass accumulation and final media pH. Generally, significantly higher values of fresh and dry shoot mass, shoot height and the longest root length were recorded on a medium with initial pH 3.0 then on a standard medium with pH 5.5.The implications of the obtained results for the improvement of in vitro propagation of white poplars are discussed.

Control of morphogenetic pathways in thin cell layers of tobacco by pH

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cousson ◽  
P. Toubart ◽  
K. Tran Thanh Van
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Vegetative Bud

Thin cell layer explants of tobacco were floated in vitro on the surface of liquid culture media. The initial exogenous concentrations of indolyl-3-butyric acid, and kinetin, the initial medium pH, and the explant density were varied. Various patterns of de novo and direct differentiation without any intermediate callus (flower, vegetative bud, root) as well as the absence of morphogenesis and callus formation without any subsequent organogenesis were separately controlled on 100% of the explants. On the same exogenous combination of glucose, indolyl-3-butyric acid, and kinetin, changes in initial medium pH changed the pattern of morphogenesis. For a given initial exogenous indolyl-3-butyric acid concentration, vegetative buds were obtained at either pH 6.1 or 7.8, whereas a mixture of flowers and vegetative buds was obtained at pH 6.8. Furthermore, changes in explant density changed the morphogenetic response. It is suggested that the effects of the initial medium pH and explant density on morphogenesis may be related partially to modifications of the physicochemical properties of the cell wall and (or) plasmalemma.

Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Suppression by Sudangrass Interference and Defoliation

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abram J. Bicksler ◽  
John B. Masiunas ◽  
Adam Davis
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Organic Farming Systems ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
Shoot Mass

Canada thistle is difficult to manage in organic farming systems and others with reduced reliance on herbicides. Previous field studies found that defoliation or sudangrass interference suppressed Canada thistle. Our objective was to understand the factors causing suppression of Canada thistle observed in the field. Three greenhouse studies were conducted utilizing frequency of defoliation, sudangrass interference and defoliation, and interspecific phytotoxicity to discern mechanisms of Canada thistle suppression. Increased defoliation frequency (up to four defoliations) decreased Canada thistle shoot height, shoot and root mass, and root-to-shoot ratio. Plants with larger root mass had greater shoot mass and number (r= 0.87 and 0.73, respectively), indicating a probable interdependence of root size (carbohydrate reserves), bud density, and subsequent shoot growth. In the sudangrass interference and defoliation study, Canada thistle shoot dry mass was 38.7, 2.76, and 0.39 g pot−1in the defoliation only, sudangrass interference only, and defoliation + interference + surface mulch treatments, respectively. Sudangrass interference by itself was effective in suppressing thistle growth; combining interference with defoliation did not further reduce growth (2.76 and 2.83 g pot−1, respectively). In the experiment minimizing interspecific competition, we found no evidence of sudangrass having a phytotoxic effect on Canada thistle. Overall results indicate that sudangrass competition or frequent shoot removal suppresses growth of Canada thistle.

scholarly journals Trichoderma spp. in growth promotion of Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Natália Cássia De Faria Ferreira ◽  
Ednaldo Cândido Rocha ◽  
Fabrício Rodrigues ◽  
Solange Xavier dos Santos ◽  
Thiago Alves Santos de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Trichoderma Fungi ◽  
Growth Assay ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Jacaranda Mimosifolia

The low volume of information related to the interaction of Trichoderma fungi with seeds and seedlings represents a limitation to forest production, and it is important to carry out studies focusing on its effect on plant germinability and formation. The aim was to evaluate commercial products based on Trichoderma spp. in promoting growth of Jacaranda mimosifolia. For initial seedling growth assay, seeds were treated with Trichoderma spp. suspension and placed on germinating paper sheets. At 28 days after sowing (DAS) the following evaluations were: percentage germination (PG), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), total length (TL), fresh root mass (FRM), fresh shoot mass (FSM), fresh total mass (FTM), root dry mass (RDM), shoot dry mass (SDM) and total dry mass (BIO). To evaluate the development of Jacaranda mimosifolia plants, the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, wherein the soil of each pot (10 L) was treated with five strains of the Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma asperellum URM 5911; T. harzianum ESALQ 1306; T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP; T. harzianum SIMBI T5 and T. harzianum T-22 WG. Then, Jacaranda mimosifolia seeds were sown and the evaluations performed at 120 DAS. The variables were: PG at 120 DAS, shoot height (SH), stem diameter (SD), and Dickson quality index (DQI). The strains SIMBI T5, ESALQ 1306 and T-22 WG stood out in relation to RL; while ESALQ 1306 and SIMBI T5 stood out performed the RL and TL. In greenhouse, SIMBI T5 and ESALQ1306 presented higher values of ALT, CR, DC, MFT. Meanwhile, only the SIMBI T5 strain stood out for MSPA, MSR, BIO and DQI.

scholarly journals Organic fertilizer on the in vitro cultivation of the Cattleya labiata orchid

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Thibes Hoshino ◽  
Ronan Carlos Colombo ◽  
Ana Paula Zandoná ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Cito Alves ◽  
Ricardo Tadeu de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Propagation of in vitro plants through other culture media rather than the traditional ones has been widely researched, with satisfactory results. However, to increase the effectiveness of these media, the addition of organic products has been presented satisfactory results. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the FishFértil® organic fertilizer on the in vitro cultivation of the Brazilian orchid Cattleya labiata. Treatments included FishFértil® fertilizer concentrations of 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 and 6 mL L-1 in a simplified culture medium. At 180 days, shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of roots, root average length, shoot and root dry mass and the shoot: root ratio were evaluated. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with 10 replications, each one containing 10 plantules. Data were submitted to an analysis of variance and regression analysis, at 5% of significance. The FishFértil® organic fertilizer at the concentration of 6 mL L-1 promoted better plantule growth of Cattleya labiata, subcultivated in vitro, in a simplified culture medium.

scholarly journals Fitting of pH conditions for the study of concentrate feeds fermentation by the in vitro gas-production technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Amanzougarene ◽  
M. Fondevila
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Incubation Solution ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
The Media ◽  
Ph Conditions

Two experiments were conducted to simulate in vitro the fermentation conditions under high-concentrate feeding. The concentration of bicarbonate ion in the buffer of the incubation solution was assayed in Experiment 1, by adjusting medium pH to 6.50, 6.25, 6.00, 5.75 and 5.50, in two incubation series of 12 h, using barley as the reference substrate. The pH diminished linearly (P < 0001) by lowering the buffer, and remained constant throughout 12 h, except for treatments 5.75 and 5.50, where pH dropped to 5.51 and 5.31 at 12 h. Gas production decreased linearly with a decreasing medium pH (P < 0.001), with the total volume of gas produced after 12 h being highly dependent (P < 0.01) on pH at 12 h (R2 = 0.629), thus demonstrating the importance of the incubation pH for estimation of fermentation of concentrate feeds. In Experiment 2, the effect of pH on direct and indirect proportion of gas was studied by adding 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mmol of acetic acid, either with or without (water added instead) rumen inoculum, to the media. Linear multiple regressions established between the volume of gas produced and the addition of acetic acid, and the bicarbonate ion concentration showed high determination coefficients for water (R2 = 0.929) and rumen inoculum (R2 = 0.851). Without inoculum, indirect gas production ranged from 9.4 to 12.4 mL/mmol of acid for medium pH of 5.50–6.50. With rumen inoculum, indirect gas was 20.8 mL/mmol acid, although this may have been biased by the contribution of inoculum itself to direct fermentation.

High Hydrogen Yield by Fermentation Using Clostridium Saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid M. Alalayah ◽  
Mohd Sahaid Kalil ◽  
Abdul Amir H. Kadhum ◽  
Jamaliah Md. Jahim ◽  
Najeeb M. Alauj
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Initial Glucose Concentration ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Initial Substrate ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Organic Carbon Source ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Initial Substrate Concentration

High hydrogen yield was carried out using Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564). The ability of this Clostridium on hydrogen production was studied in 250 mL batch culture with glucose as the sole organic carbon source. The effect of initial substrate concentration, initial medium pH, addition of Fe2+ and temperature were investigated. Results show that the highest yield (Yp/s) of hydrogen produced was about 3.10 mol (mol glucose)−1 when the initial glucose concentration was 10 gL−1, initial pH of 6.0 ± 0.2 and temperature 37°C. The yield of hydrogen produced decreased when higher initial glucose concentration was applied. The yield of hydrogen was increased when 25 mg L−1 Fe2+ was added to the medium.

scholarly journals Height and number of shoots on the survival and development of micropropagated bamboo plantlets during pre-acclimatization

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Arthur Almeida do Vale ◽  
João Bosco de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Frederico Henrique da Silva Costa ◽  
Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
In Vitro Multiplication ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Ex Vitro Growth ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT During the in vitro multiplication of bamboo plantlets, it is common the formation of shoots aggregates. Once individualized, these can yield a greater number of plantlets than if planted in clusters. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the relationship between height and number of initial shoots in micropropagated bamboo plantlets on the survival and development of plants, during the pre-acclimatization stage. Guadua aff. chaparensis shoots, after successive subcultures of in vitro multiplication, were classified into three height classes (2.5-5.0 cm; 5.1-10.0 cm; 10.1-15.0 cm) and number of aggregate shoots (one shoot per plantlet/single-stem plantlet, two and three shoots per plantlet) and pre-acclimatized in a commercial substrate composition plus washed sand. The plantlets were evaluated for survival, height, number of new shoots and roots, shoot and root fresh and dry mass. In plantlets from micropropagation, the plant height does not influence the survival rates, being acclimatized preferably at heights between 5.0 cm and 15.0 cm, with survival rates of up to 97 %. Plantlets with height starting at 5.1 cm and composed of 2 or 3 initial shoots show a greater vigor and ex vitro growth, a fact evidenced by the higher values obtained in relation to height and emission of new shoots and roots, as well as a greater fresh and dry biomass accumulation.

scholarly journals Residual effect of imazapyr + imazapic on cotton grown in succession to soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
Samia R. de S. Ribeiro ◽  
Amanda dos S. Souza ◽  
Jéssica F. L. Leal ◽  
Junior Borella ◽  
André L. S. Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Carryover Effect ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Shoot Mass

ABSTRACT The long residual period of pre-emergent herbicides can interfere with successor crops, causing a phenomenon named carryover. This study evaluated the residual effect of imazapyr + imazapic herbicides on cotton crop grown in succession to soybean. The experiment was conducted between September 2016 and March 2017, in a randomized block design with 4 replicates, where the treatments were four doses of imazapyr + imazapic, 75, 150, 225 and 300 g a.i. ha-1, and the control. The analyzed variables were chlorophyll a fluorescence, shoot height, root length and volume, dry shoot mass and root dry mass. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test, at p ≤ 0.05. The reduction in photosynthetic performance indexes for treatments of 150, 225 and 300 g a.i. ha-1 at 15 days after emergence (DAE) and of 75 g a.i ha-1 at 60 DAE indicated a photoinhibitory effect of these herbicides on plants. However, shoot height, length, volume and root dry mass were not affected in the treatments tested. Therefore, the persistence of the herbicide in the soil was not enough to characterize a carryover effect in cotton 135 days after application (DAA).

scholarly journals Effect of Media Strength and pH on the Growth of Hairy Roots and Production of Gymnemic Acid from Gymnema Sylvestre

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Praveen N ◽  
I M Chung
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Gymnemic Acid ◽  
The Media ◽  
Initial Medium

Gymnema sylvestre (Madhunashini) is one of the most important medicinal plants used as a crude drug for its preventive and therapeutic properties. Among other constituents of Gymnema, gymnemic acid is a major component responsible for biological and pharmacological actions. The present study deals with the influence of different media strength and initial medium pH on the growth of hairy roots and gymnemic acid production from Gymnema sylvestre. Higher strength of the media (1.5X) favoured the biomass production (114.64 g/L FW and 12.63 g/L DW) and gymnemic acid content (11.7 mg/g DW) in the tested range of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 X strength. Among the different hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 5.8, 6.0 and 6.5, initial medium pH of 6.0 favoured the biomass production (102.41 g/L FW and 11.52 g/L DW) and medium pH of 5.8 favoured the gymnemic acid production (11.30 mg/g DW).

scholarly journals Determination of the Alkalinity Toxicity Limits of Selected Greenhouse Ornamental Plants

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 878C-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Valdez-Aguilar* ◽  
David Wm. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Sphagnum Peat Moss ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Toxicity Level ◽  
Shoot Mass

Tolerance to alkalinity was evaluated in Rose `Pink Cupido', Vinca `Apricot Delight', Chrysanthemum `Miramar', and Hibiscus `Bimini Breeze' and `Mango Breeze'. Plants were potted in a sphagnum peat moss-based growing medium and irrigated with water containing 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mm of Na bicarbonate. In rose, shoot mass was significantly decreased and chlorosis increased at the 5 mm treatment, indicating that the alkalinity toxicity is between 2.5 and 5 mm. In chrysanthemum, the concentration of Na bicarbonate did not significantly affect shoot mass, but caused a significant increase in leaf chlorosis at 5 mm or higher Na bicarbonate. This indicates an alkalinity toxicity level between 2.5 and 5 mm. In Vinca, shoot dry mass was not affected significantly, but leaf chlorosis was significantly increased with 5 mm of Na bicarbonate. This indicates an alkalinity toxicity level between 2.5 and 5 mm. In hibiscus `Mango Breeze', shoot mass was significantly increased at 2.5 and 5 mm, but was significantly decreased at 7.5 mm and above. Leaf chlorosis was significantly increased with a concentration of 5 mm and above, indicating that in hibiscus `Mango Breeze' the alkalinity toxicity level is between 5 to 7.5 mm. In hibiscus `Bimini Breeze', shoot mass was not significantly reduced, but leaf chlorosis exhibited a significant decrease at 7.5 mm. this indicates that in hibiscus `Bimini Breeze' the alkalinity toxicity level is between 7.5 and 10 mm. Growing medium pH increased with increasing levels of Na bicarbonate. The species showed varying capacity for acidification of the growing medium. All species, except rose and vinca, neutralized the alkalinity effect of 2.5 mm, but none of the species neutralized the effect of 5 mm and higher Na bicarbonate.

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