Control of morphogenetic pathways in thin cell layers of tobacco by pH

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cousson ◽  
P. Toubart ◽  
K. Tran Thanh Van
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Vegetative Bud

Thin cell layer explants of tobacco were floated in vitro on the surface of liquid culture media. The initial exogenous concentrations of indolyl-3-butyric acid, and kinetin, the initial medium pH, and the explant density were varied. Various patterns of de novo and direct differentiation without any intermediate callus (flower, vegetative bud, root) as well as the absence of morphogenesis and callus formation without any subsequent organogenesis were separately controlled on 100% of the explants. On the same exogenous combination of glucose, indolyl-3-butyric acid, and kinetin, changes in initial medium pH changed the pattern of morphogenesis. For a given initial exogenous indolyl-3-butyric acid concentration, vegetative buds were obtained at either pH 6.1 or 7.8, whereas a mixture of flowers and vegetative buds was obtained at pH 6.8. Furthermore, changes in explant density changed the morphogenetic response. It is suggested that the effects of the initial medium pH and explant density on morphogenesis may be related partially to modifications of the physicochemical properties of the cell wall and (or) plasmalemma.

scholarly journals Somaclonal variation on in vitro callus culture potato cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia N. Bordallo ◽  
Derly H. Silva ◽  
José Maria ◽  
Cosme D. Cruz ◽  
Elizabeth P. Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Arbitrary Sequence ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Level

Synthetic seeds can be an alternative for those species in which botanical seeds are not viable. One of the major problems of in vitro plant cultivation is the high level of somaclonal variation. The most common factors affecting somaclonal variation are genotype, explant source, in vitro period and cultivation conditions in which the culture is established. In this work, calli were induced using leaf and stem explants of the commercial potato cultivars Achat, Baraka, Baronesa, Bintje, and Contenda in MS culture media supplemented with 1.65 mM of picloram and 11.5 mM of 2,4-D. Seventy and 90 days after induction, DNA samples of 40 calli were compared concerning the effects of the two explant (leaf and stem) and two growth regulator sources on five potatoes cultivars. A total of 20 arbitrary sequence primers were evaluated. The RAPD pattern generated by these primers suggested a high percentage of polymorphic fragments among the five genotypes, indicating a high level of genetic variation among cultivars. Cultivar Baronesa showed the highest number of polymorphic fragments for all treatments. The cultivar Contenda showed the smallest somaclonal variation, for most of the treatments, except for the treatment which consisted of stem explants, picloram (1.65 mM) application, and a 70-day period of callus formation. 'Contenda' is, therefore, the most suitable cultivar for synthetic seed production.

Free and conjugated polyamines during de novo floral and vegetative bud formation in thin cell layers of tobacco

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Torrigiani ◽  
Maria Maddalena Altamura ◽  
Gabriella Pasqua ◽  
Barbara Monacelli ◽  
Donatella Serafini-Fracassini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Thin Cell Layers ◽  
Conjugated Polyamines ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Free And Conjugated Polyamines ◽  
Vegetative Bud

scholarly journals The effect of low initial medium pH on in vitro white poplar growth

2013 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Branislav Kovacevic ◽  
Dragana Miladinovic ◽  
Marina Katanic ◽  
Zoran Tomovic ◽  
Sasa Pekec
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
The Media ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Shoot Mass

The effect of low initial medium pH on shoot and root development of five white poplar (Populus alba L.) genotypes was tested. The shoot height, fresh mass of shoots per jar, dry mass of shoots per jar, number of roots, as well as the length of the longest root were measured and final pH of the media determined, after 35 days of culture in vitro. Three initial pH values of the medium were tested: 3.0, 4.0 and 5.5 as control. Agar solidification at pH 3.0 was not achieved after sterilization in autoclave, but it was successful after sterilizing in a microwave oven. The obtained results indicate that the tested genotypes are able to significantly influence the changes of media pH during culture. The effect of differences among the examined media was significant for biomass accumulation and final media pH. Generally, significantly higher values of fresh and dry shoot mass, shoot height and the longest root length were recorded on a medium with initial pH 3.0 then on a standard medium with pH 5.5.The implications of the obtained results for the improvement of in vitro propagation of white poplars are discussed.

scholarly journals Low Cost Tissue Culture Technologies in Vegetables: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Reshav Naik ◽  
Anil Bhushan ◽  
R. K. Gupta ◽  
Anamika Walia ◽  
Anshika Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Direct Regeneration ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Brown Sugar

The demand of vegetable crops is increasing day by day due to changes in consumption patterns, so the need of the hour is to develop technologies that enhance the vegetable production at a rapid rate. Plant Tissue culture is one such remarkable biotechnological tool that has its application in vegetable propagation and improvement, disease elimination, herbicide resistance, salinity tolerance, incorporation of high nutrient content, genetically improved plants and conservation of endangered plant species and in the near future usage of this technology is going to increase further manifold. It is used for production of disease free quality planting material and development of varieties through direct regeneration, anther/ovule culture, somatic embryogenesis etc. or for creation of new variation (organogenesis via callus formation, soma-clonal variation and in vitro mutagenesis). In spite of being a very important and viable non-conventional biotechnological tool, high cost of production of seedlings in vitro remains a major impediment in popularization of this technology. High cost of producing seedlings is due to availability of limited resources, high recurrent costs of consumables for media and lack of awareness, which limits its application only to a few institutions and rich farmers especially in developing countries. Therefore, in order to make this technology a successful and viable option for the farmers, future thrust must be on cost reduction of in vitro seedlings. The components of tissue culture technology such as culture media components, glassware, lighting and water for media preparation can be replaced with low cost alternatives to reduce the overall cost of tissue culture. The usage of alternatives for gelling agent’s like isabgol (potato, tomato, cassava, turmeric, ginger), sago (potato, tomato, turmeric, ginger) cassava starch (potato, cassava, sweet potato) barley starch, phytagel etc. and for carbon sources like table sugar (potato, turmeric, ginger), jaggery, sugarcane juice, cube sugar (bittergord), brown sugar etc have already been documented worldwide. The present paper reviews the work done by researchers around the globe in developing various low cost alternative technologies with focus on vegetable crops.

Relationship between auxins and cytokinins in the growth and organogenesis of Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Grecco a Palla’

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Felipe Górski ◽  
Geysiane Moreira Gerotti ◽  
Hélida Mara Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Vitro Development

The in vitro development of a plant is controlled by factors that promote a series of plant responses, which interfere with tissue organogenesis and morphology. For plants of the family Lamiaceae, these factors remain unknown or poorly understood, hindering in vitro cultivation of these plants. The basil cultivar ‘Grecco a palla’ has attractive chemical properties for medicinal, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries; however, its production is limited due to the lack of appropriate cultivation conditions. Two types of explants of this species (nodal segments and stem apexes) were grown in culture media with auxin and cytokinin, and their development was followed for 60 days. During in vitro cultivation, both explants were subjected to higher concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) produced only calluses, without induction of shoots. Small amounts of regulators favored hyperhydricity as nodal segments or stem apexes in the absence of PGRs produced plants with disturbances, including brittle, light green, and thick leaves. In this case, there was an increase in the cell layers of palisade parenchyma, which had large cell spaces and larger cells. This tissue also advanced to spongy parenchyma and compressed it. The stomatal density was low; however, the stomata were larger with additions mainly in the guard cells and the stomatic opening. Therefore, stem apexes in the absence of PGRs produced more vigorous plants, whereas nodal segments with low amounts of cytokinins and auxins developed a well-branched and abundant root system.

scholarly journals Transcriptome comparison between pluripotent and non-pluripotent calli derived from mature rice seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangrea Shim ◽  
Hee Kyoung Kim ◽  
Soon Hyung Bae ◽  
Hoonyoung Lee ◽  
Hyo Ju Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Rice Callus ◽  
Root Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Transcriptome Comparison ◽  
Cellular Competence

AbstractIn vitro plant regeneration involves a two-step practice of callus formation and de novo organogenesis. During callus formation, cellular competence for tissue regeneration is acquired, but it is elusive what molecular processes and genetic factors are involved in establishing cellular pluripotency. To explore the mechanisms underlying pluripotency acquisition during callus formation in monocot plants, we performed a transcriptomic analysis on the pluripotent and non-pluripotent rice calli using RNA-seq. We obtained a dataset of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which accounts for molecular processes underpinning pluripotency acquisition and maintenance. Core regulators establishing root stem cell niche were implicated in pluripotency acquisition in rice callus, as observed in Arabidopsis. In addition, KEGG analysis showed that photosynthetic process and sugar and amino acid metabolism were substantially suppressed in pluripotent calli, whereas lipid and antioxidant metabolism were overrepresented in up-regulated DEGs. We also constructed a putative coexpression network related to cellular pluripotency in rice and proposed potential candidates conferring pluripotency in rice callus. Overall, our transcriptome-based analysis can be a powerful resource for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms establishing cellular pluripotency in rice callus.

scholarly journals Characterization of JsWOX1 and JsWOX4 during Callus and Root Induction in the Shrub Species Jasminum sambac

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lu ◽  
Zhuoyi Liu ◽  
Meiling Lyu ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Binghua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Wox Genes ◽  
Callus Proliferation ◽  
Jasminum Sambac

Plant regeneration in vitro and the underlying molecular regulatory network are of great interest to developmental biology, and have potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology. Cell growth and re-differentiation during de novo organogenesis require the activation and reprogramming of stem cells within the stem cell niche of the tissues. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) factors play important roles in the maintenance and regulation of plant stem cells and are involved in many developmental processes. However, in woody species such as the Jasminum sambac, little is known about the involvement of WOX genes in de novo organogenesis. Here we show that two WOXs, JsWOX4 and JsWOX1, are implicated in callus proliferation and root regeneration, respectively. The expression of both, together with another member JsWOX13, are upregulated during later stage of callus formation. The JsWOX4 is associated with callus proliferation, or cell division during the redifferentiation. The overexpression of this gene results in up-regulation of JsWOX13 and another homeobox gene. The JsWOX1 plays a role in root primordium initiation, as its overexpression leads to more rooty calli and more roots per callus. JsWOX1 also possibly acts upstream of JsWOX4 and JsWOX13 transcriptionally. Our results provide further evidence regarding the functions of WOX genes in organogenesis in a woody plant.

scholarly journals Induksi Tunas pada Kotiledon dan Hipokotil Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) melalui Organogenesis Tak Langsung

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Iswari S Dewi ◽  
Anggi Nindita ◽  
Bambang S. Purwoko ◽  
Darda Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>Propagation through tissue culture of plant<br />species with rich secondary metabolites such as Jatropha<br />curcas L. is difficult to obtain. However, once established, it<br />can be used as one of the alternatives to supply uniform<br />propagules. The effects of auxin and cytokinin on the<br />regulation of de novo woody plants shoot development have<br />been studied through shoot induction, differentiation and<br />development. The objective of this research was to identify<br />explant and suitable culture media for in vitro shoot induction<br />through indirect organogenesis. Factorial experiment<br />was arranged in a completely randomized design, replicated<br />20 times. The first factor was explants, i.e. cotyledons and<br />hypocotyls. The second factor was MS media containing<br />combination of plant growth regulator IAA (0, 0.05, and 0.1<br />mg/l) and BAP (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mg/l). The results of the<br />experiment showed that the fastest callus initiation was<br />achieved by MS + IAA 0.1 mg/l, i.e. 9.5 days after explants<br />were cultured. Shoots with leaves can be induced from both<br />cotyledons and hypocotyls. However, hypocotyls gave more<br />shoots and leaves than cotyledons when cultured in MS +<br />IAA 0.1 mg/l + BAP 3.0 mg/l. Shoots obtain from hypocotyls<br />and cotyledons were successfully rooted in MS medium<br />without any growth regulator.</p>

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from leaf transverse thin cell layer derived-callus of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Hien ◽  
Nguyen Phuc Huy ◽  
Bui Van The Vinh ◽  
Hoang Xuan Chien ◽  
Hoang Thanh Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Transverse Thin Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

No report on plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of P. vietnamensis has been previously published. In the present study, somatic embryogenesis via callus formation from cultures of leaf transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) was investigated. α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were added separately and in combination into the culture media. Explant necrosis or low callogenesis rates were observed when 1-mm wide leaf tTCLs were cultured on media with TDZ, BA, 2,4-D or NAA. On the other hand, calli were successfully induced from the tTCL explants cultured on medium supplemented with either 2,4-D and BA or 2,4-D and TDZ. Callogenesis was observed under both light and dark conditions. The highest callogenesis rate (100%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D in combination with 0.1 mg l-1 TDZ in darkness after eight weeks of culture. White calli were cut into small pieces (1.0 x 1.0 cm dimension) and placed on MS media containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and TDZ at various concentrations (0.01; 0.1; 0.2; and 0.5 mg l-1), and the best callus proliferation was recorded on medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ. Somatic embryogenesis, with a success rate of 53.3% and 35 embryos per explant, was achieved when calli were subcultured onto MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ.

scholarly journals Induksi Kalus Tanaman Kentang Dombu (Solanum tuberosum L.) Secara In Vitro Dengan Pemberian ZPT 2,4-D (Dichlorophenoxy Acetid Acid)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti RLR Idris ◽  
Asri Pirade Paserang
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This research was aimed to determine the effect of the PGR 2.4-D (Dichlorophenoxy Acetid Acid) in various concentrations on induceing callus of Dombu potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). This research was performed based on Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 6 treatments and 3 times repetation, so there were 18 experiment units. Each experiment used 3 explants so as there were 54 explants. The combination of concentration of the tested PGR in the culture media were T1 = MS0+ 2.4-D 0 ppm (control), T2 = MS0+ 2.4-D 0.5 ppm, T3 = MS0+ 2.4-D 1 ppm, T4= MS0+ 2.4-D 1.5 ppm, T5 = MS0+ 2.4-D 2 ppm and T6 = MS0+ 2.4-D 2.5 ppm. The results showed that callus induction was appeared in the concentration of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ppm. Callus was generally formed on the Day-8 after plantation. Callus color was mostly greenish transparent, callus texture was mostly crumb type, and callus formation percentage was almost 100%. The best media for inducing the callus was in treatment T4 (1.5 ppm 2.4-D), it referred to the formed callus biomass

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