scholarly journals High temperature materials: properties, demands and applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-284
Author(s):  
Marko Simic ◽  
Ana Alil ◽  
Sanja Martinovic ◽  
Milica Vlahovic ◽  
Aleksandar Savic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
High Temperature Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Materials Used

High-temperature materials are used in a wide range of industries and applications such as gas turbine engines for aircrafts, power and nuclear power plants, different types of furnaces, including blast furnaces, some fuel cells, industrial gas turbines, different types of reactors, engines, electronic and lighting devices, and many others. Demands for high-temperature materials are becoming more and more challenging every year. To perform efficiently, effectively and at the same time to be economically viable, the materials used at high temperatures must have certain characteristics that are particularly expected for applying under such extreme conditions, for example, the strength and thermal resistance. In the present review, some important requirements that should be satisfied by high temperature materials will be discussed. Furthermore, the focus is put on refractory concretes, ceramics, intermetallic alloys, and composites as four different categories of these materials, which are also considered in respect to possibilities to overcome some of the current challenges.

Elevated Temperature Behavior of Creep and Fatigue in Welded P92 Steel

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1621-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeongsoo Lim ◽  
Bumjoon Kim ◽  
Moonhee Park ◽  
Sungjoon Won
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Test Method ◽  
P92 Steel ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
High Temperature Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Small Punch Creep Test

Fatigue strength and life of weldment at high temperature is very important for high temperature materials used in power plants. In this study, creep properties of weld metal, HAZ and base metal of P92 steel were evaluated by SP (small punch) creep test method. Fatigue crack growth behaviors in weld metal, HAZ and base metal of P92 steel were investigated at high temperature. Microstructure and microhardness of the weldment were also investigated for better analysis.

New Developments in High Temperature Materials 21 Project in Japan

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Harada ◽  
Junzo Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
High Temperature Materials ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Temperature Capability

Following the Kyoto Conference on Climate Change (COP3) held in 1997, the improvement of thermal efficiency in power engineering systems is becoming a major issue. In High Temperature Materials 21 Project at NIMS, materials for turbine blades and vanes are being developed to improve the temperature capability and reduce the CO2 emission of industrial gas turbines (IGT) and jet engines. The target for Ni-base superalloys was set at 1100°C for 1000h creep rupture life under 137MPa to realize ultra-efficient combined cycle power plants and advanced jet engines. A high cost-performance single crystal (SC) superalloy TMS-82+ with 1075°C temperature capability has been developed and tested in a 15MW IGT. A 4th generation SC superalloy TMS-138 exhibiting 1080°C temperature capability has also been developed and tested in a 1650°C test jet engine. TMS-138 is to be applied in the Japanese eco-engine project for 50-seater jet airplanes. A further control of the interfacial dislocation network resulted in a 5th generation SC alloy TMS-162 with 1105°C temperature capability. A virtual gas turbine (VT), which is a combination of materials design program and system design program, is being developed and becoming a powerful tool as an interface between material scientists and system engineers. Using VT, air-cooled blades with our SC superalloys have been evaluated up to 1700°C gas temperature, and a substantial improvement in thermal efficiency of a combined-cycle power generation system has been indicated.

Nuclear Power Plants With High Temperature Reactor and Helium Turbine

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bammert ◽  
E. Bohm
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Load Release ◽  
High Temperature Reactor ◽  
High Output

The present stage of development of nuclear power plants with helium turbine and high temperature reactor is reported and a description given of the first plant of this type, the Geesthacht KSH plant (Kernkraftwerk Schleswig-Holstein) in Germany. Particular stress is laid on the control of closed-cycle gas turbines. The special cases of reactor scram, shutdown of the turbine and load release as well as starting up and turning off of the plants are taken into consideration. The design of the turboset and the arrangement of the components of helium turbines of high output are described. Furthermore results of calculations for optimum layout of helium turbine plants with regard to simultaneous power and process heat generation are given.

The Application of System CFD to the Design and Optimization of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Nuclear Power Plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon P. Greyvenstein
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Component Models ◽  
High Temperature Gas

The objective of this paper is to model the steady-state and dynamic operation of a pebble-bed-type high temperature gas-cooled reactor power plant using a system computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. System CFD codes are 1D network codes with embedded 2D or even 3D discretized component models that provide a good balance between accuracy and speed. In the method presented in this paper, valves, orifices, compressors, and turbines are modeled as lumped or 0D components, whereas pipes and heat exchangers are modeled as 1D discretized components. The reactor is modeled as 2D discretized system. A point kinetics neutronic model will predict the heat release in the reactor. Firstly, the layout of the power conversion system is discussed together with the major plant parameters. This is followed by a high level description of the system CFD approach together with a description of the various component models. The code is used to model the steady-state operation of the system. The results are verified by comparing them with detailed cycle analysis calculations performed with another code. The model is then used to predict the net power delivered to the shaft over a wide range of speeds from zero to full speed. This information is used to specify parameters for a proportional-integral-derivative controller that senses the speed of the power turbine and adjusts the generator power during the startup of the plant. The generator initially acts as a motor that drives the shaft and then changes over to a generator load that approaches the design point value as the speed of the shaft approaches the design speed. A full startup simulation is done to demonstrate the behavior of the plant during startup. This example demonstrates the application of a system CFD code to test control strategies. A load rejection example is considered where the generator load is suddenly dropped to zero from a full load condition. A controller senses the speed of the low pressure compressor/low pressure turbine shaft and then adjusts the opening of a bypass valve to keep the speed of the shaft constant at 60rps. The example demonstrates how detailed information on critical parameters such as turbine and reactor inlet temperatures, maximum fuel temperature, and compressor surge margin can be obtained during operating transients. System CFD codes is a powerful design tool that is indispensable in the design of complex power systems such as gas-cooled nuclear power plants.

Development of a High Temperature Liquid Metal Turbopump

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Kelly ◽  
G. M. Wood ◽  
H. V. Marman
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps

High performance, mobile, nuclear power plants utilizing liquid metals require high temperature pumps to circulate these heat transport fluids. These pumps must have moderately high efficiency, small size, low weight, and high reliability. In order to satisfy these requirements, centrifugal pumps directly coupled to gas turbines are utilized. As part of the aircraft nuclear power plant development program, the 3000 gpm stainless steel turbopump described in this paper was designed and tested in NaK at temperatures up to 1300 F.

TEM study of boron additions to cobalt aluminide

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 546-547
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Feldewerth
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ordered Alloys ◽  
The University ◽  
Very High

In recent years an increasing emphasis has been placed on the study of high temperature intermetallic compounds for possible aerospace applications. One group of interest is the B2 aiuminides. This group of intermetaliics has a very high melting temperature, good high temperature, and excellent specific strength. These qualities make it a candidate for applications such as turbine engines. The B2 aiuminides exist over a wide range of compositions and also have a large solubility for third element substitutional additions, which may allow alloying additions to overcome their major drawback, their brittle nature.One B2 aluminide currently being studied is cobalt aluminide. Optical microscopy of CoAl alloys produced at the University of Missouri-Rolla showed a dramatic decrease in the grain size which affects the yield strength and flow stress of long range ordered alloys, and a change in the grain shape with the addition of 0.5 % boron.

Design, Development and Application of Vehicle Gas Turbine Engines

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
P. A. Phillips ◽  
Peter Spear
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cycle Temperature

After briefly summarizing worldwide automotive gas turbine activity, the paper analyses the power plant requirements of a wide range of vehicle applications in order to formulate the design criteria for acceptable vehicle gas turbines. Ample data are available on the thermodynamic merits of various gas turbine cycles; however, the low cost of its piston engine competitor tends to eliminate all but the simplest cycles from vehicle gas turbine considerations. In order to improve the part load fuel economy, some complexity is inevitable, but this is limited to the addition of a glass ceramic regenerator in the 150 b.h.p. engine which is described in some detail. The alternative further complications necessary to achieve satisfactory vehicle response at various power/weight ratios are examined. Further improvement in engine performance will come by increasing the maximum cycle temperature. This can be achieved at lower cost by the extension of the use of ceramics. The paper is intended to stimulate the design application of the gas turbine engine.

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