scholarly journals Morphological properties of fruit bearing shoots of apricot cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatovic ◽  
Dejan Djurovic ◽  
Gordan Zec
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Morphological properties of fruit bearing shoots: length, number of flower buds and vegetative buds and their ratio were studied in 20 apricot cultivars during a two-year period. Control cultivar for comparison was ?Hungarian Best? (?Magyar kajszi?), clone 235. Fruit bearing shoots of apricot were classified into three groups: shoots, sylleptic shoots and spurs. The average length of shoots ranged from 68.8 to 85.0 cm; of sylleptic shoots from 6.9 to 27.0 cm; and of spurs from 1.4 to 4.1 cm. Flower buds/vegetative buds ratio was higher in spurs and sylleptic shoots (2,5 on average), compared to shoots (1,8 on average). Most of the studied apricot cultivars are characterized by higher flower bud density compared to control cultivar (?Hungarian Best?), indicating their higher yield potential. For all studied traits statistically significant differences between cultivars were found. The great variability was found in length of shoots, number of flower buds, and number of vegetative buds, while small coefficients of variation were found in thickness of shoots and length of internodes. Based on the obtained results, recommendations for pruning can be made. Cultivars with a higher number of flower buds (per 1 m in length and in relation to vegetative buds) such as: ?Lenova?, ?Tomcot?, ?Veecot?, ?Ninfa?, ?Sophia?, ?Silvercot? and ?Goldrich? require severe pruning. On the other hand, cultivars with lower flower bud density e.g. ?Hungarian Best?, ?Cegledy Arany? and ?Bella d?Imola? can be pruned slightly.

scholarly journals (93) Vegetative and Flower Bud Development, and Fruit Set of Low-chill Peach Cultivars in North-central, Central, and Southwest Florida

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029A-1029
Author(s):  
Todd Wert ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
Robert E. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
North Central ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Southwest Florida ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Four low-chill peach cultivars were evaluated at three locations in Florida for vegetative and reproductive bud development and fruit set. Twenty trees (five each of `Flordaprince', `Tropicbeauty', `UFgold', and `Flordaglo') were planted at each site in Feb. 2002. Prior to budbreak in Spring 2004 and 2005, three shoots per tree of average length and diameter were selected at a height between 1.5–2.0 m and the numbers of vegetative and flower buds per node were recorded for each shoot. No consistent pattern for the number of vegetative buds per node was observed among cultivars and locations, or across years. However, 'Tropicbeauty' tended to have fewer vegetative buds per node than `Flordaprince' during both seasons, although not at all locations. Overall, the number of flower buds per node was greater for north-central Florida than for central or southwest Florida. There were no consistent tends over years and among locations for the ranked order of flower buds per node by cultivar. The percentage of nodes without flower or vegetative buds (blind nodes) was generally greatest for `Tropicbeauty' at most locations during both years. During 2005, the percentage of blind nodes was greater in central and southwest Florida than in north-central Florida. Overall, fruit set was similar between the central and north-central Florida locations. Fruit set tended to be higher for `UFGold' and `Flordaglo' than for `Flordaprince' or `Tropicbeauty'.

Morphology and mechanical properties of transcrystalline isotactic polypropylene

e-Polymers ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koh-hei Nitta ◽  
Yoshikazu Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Supermolecular Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Spherulitic Morphology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yielding Process

Abstract We examined mechanical and morphological properties of fully transcrystalline polypropylene grown from the surface of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) sheets. Comparison of mechanical properties between transcrystalline and spherulitic polypropylenes demonstrated that Young’s modulus is dependent on the crystallinity and independent of the supermolecular structure. On the other hand, the mechanical yielding process was predominantly affected by the supermolecular structure, and the mechanical energy required for yielding of transcrystalline sheets was greater than that of the spherulitic morphology. In addition, it was found that mechanical necking is required for the alignment of lamellae in the stretching direction. This means that the unfolding process of lamellae orienting in the stretching direction is associated with necking and ductility.

Foliar Application of Ethephon Decreases Apical Dominance in `Orchid' Petunia (Petunia × hybrida Vilm.-Andr.)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 491e-491
Author(s):  
Darren L. Haver ◽  
Ursula K. Schuch
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Application Rates

Ethephon was applied as a foliar spray to 36-day-old petunia seedlings to determine its effectiveness at reducing apical dominance by increasing lateral shoot development. Ethephon application at rates of 125, 250 and 500 mg·L–1 to whole shoots of Petunia × hybrida `Orchid' decreased apical dominance compared to the control. The average length of a lateral shoot increased 56% as ethephon application rates increased from 0 to 500 mg·L–1. In Expt. I, ethephon-treated plants had a greater number of laterals than control plants. The number of nodes produced before the first flower bud was initiated increased from 15 to 21 as rates of ethephon increased from 0 to 500 mg·L–1. Ethephon delayed anthesis up to 10 days when applied at 500 mg·L–1 and up to 8 days when applied at 250 mg·L–1. The number of visible flower buds increased in all ethephon-treated plants compared to the control. Ethephon at 250 mg·L–1, increased shoot and root dry mass 37.9% and 20.4%, respectively, compared to untreated controls. Roots appeared healthy in both experiments, but phytotoxicity (mild chlorosis) occurred in Expt. II on plants treated with 500 mg·L–1. The experiment was repeated twice with similar results.

Spanish prepositions introducing adverbial constructions

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Peronard
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Category ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the development of prepositions used in the expression of circumstances as adverbial adjuncts in the speech of three Spanish-speaking middle-class children. The study begins with the first appearance of one of these prepositions and the children are followed until age 4. In spite of the differences among the children concerning other aspects of their language development, what predominates in the present case is similarity. Both the forms and the meanings expressed turned up in much the same sequence in the speech of the three children. Yet when both form and meaning were seen together the results showed great variability; that is, each child began expressing a given circumstance by means of a different preposition. On the other hand, the circumstance most commonly expressed by means of new prepositions was place. The amount of polysemy increased with age, usually starting with a single meaning for each preposition. Expressions were found which seemed to represent intermediate stages between an early general category (co-occurrence) and the more specific semantic categories of space, instrument and company.

scholarly journals Structure and Electronic Properties of InSb Nanowires Grown in Flexible Polycarbonate Membranes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Abhay Pratap Singh ◽  
Kevin Roccapriore ◽  
Zaina Algarni ◽  
Riyadh Salloom ◽  
Teresa D. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indium Antimonide ◽  
Average Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nanowire Growth ◽  
Polycarbonate Membrane ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Nano Channel ◽  
Polycarbonate Membranes ◽  
Twin Defects ◽  
Insb Nanowires

A dense array of vertically aligned indium antimonide (InSb) nanowires with high aspect ratio (diameter 150 nm, length 20 μ m) were grown in the pores of a track-etched polycarbonate membrane via a one-step electrochemical method. There are several reports on InSb nanowire growth in the pores of a mechanically rigid, nano-channel alumina template (NCA), where nanowire growth occurs in the pores of the NCA. This work on InSb nanowire growth in pores of track-etched polycarbonate (PC) membrane sheds light on the various factors that affect nucleation and nanowire growth. The average length and diameter of the as-grown nanowires was about 10 μ m and 150 nm, respectively. Two possible mechanisms accounting for two different morphologies of the as-grown nanowires are proposed. The polycrystallinity observed in some of the nanowires is explained using the 3D ‘nucleation-coalescence’ mechanism. On the other hand, single crystal nanowires with a high density of twin defects and stacking faults grow epitaxially by a two-dimensional (2D) nucleation/growth mechanism. To assess the electrical quality of the nanowires, two- and four-terminal devices were fabricated using a single InSb nanowire contacted by two Ni electrodes. It was found that, at low bias, the ohmic current is controlled by charge diffusion from the bulk contacts. On the other hand, at high bias, the effects of space charge limited current (SCLC) are evident in the current–voltage behavior, characteristic of transport through structures with reduced electrostatic screening. A cross-over from ohmic to SCLC occurs at about 0.14 V, yielding a free carrier concentration of the order of 10 14 cm − 3 .

scholarly journals Growth Inhibitory Polyacetylenes from Galls of Hedera rhombea Bean

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayumi Yamazoe ◽  
Koji Hasegawa ◽  
Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Hideyuki Shigemori
Keyword(s):  
Gall Midge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L ◽  
Hedera Rhombea

Plant growth inhibitory polyacetylenes have been isolated from the insect galls on flower buds of Hedera rhombea Bean (Araliaceae) formed by the ivy flower bud gall midge, Asphondylia sp. (Cecidomyiidae), and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. The EC50 values for roots/hypocotyls growth of cress ( Lepidium sativum L.) seedlings were 7.0×10−5/8.0×10−5 M for ( Z)-8-acetoxy-1,2-epoxy-3-oxoheptadeca-9-ene-4,6-diyne, 9.5×10−5/9.0×10−5 M for ( Z)-8-acetoxy-3-oxoheptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyne, 2.5×10−5/5.5×10−6 M for ( Z)-8-acetoxy-1-methoxy-3-oxoheptadeca-9-ene-4,6-diyne, and 7.5×10−5/2.0×10−6 M for falcarindiol, respectively. On the other hand, 8-acetoxyfalcarinol exhibited lower inhibition on roots and hypocotyls growth. Among these compounds, ( Z)-8-acetoxy-1-methoxy-3-oxoheptadeca-9-ene-4,6-diyne exhibited the strongest inhibitiory effect on root growth of cress seedlings, whereas against hypocotyl growth of cress seedlings, falcarindiol showed the strongest inhibition.

scholarly journals Wpływ CCC na wzrost i owocwanie młodych drzew gruszy odm. 'Komisówka' w roku traktowania i w latach następnych [Effect of CCC on growth and fruiting young 'Doyenne du Cornice' pear trees in the year of substance application and in the following years]

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jaumień
Keyword(s):  
Apical Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Pear Trees

Effect of CCC on growth and fruiting 'Doyenne du Comice' trees in the year of application and to the following year after spraying was investigated. A single spraying with CCC strongly inhibited growth of shoots and favoured profuse setting of flower buds especially at the apex and in the apical part of long shoots. As a result of this in the following year the number of terminals was greatly redused and so was the sum of the terminal lengths. On the other hand the percentage of very long shoots was incresed. In the third season after spraying the trees exhibited very vigorous growth.

scholarly journals Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: Variation in Size and Structure due to Nutrition

Parasitology ◽  
1913 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. F. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Size And Structure

In the course of our studies on species of Rhipicephalus, we have noted the great variability in size and structure observable in the genus. This variability has been a cause of much confusion in classification, as noted by Warburton (Parasitology, 1912, v. 1). It soon occurred to me, in seeking for an explanation of this variability, that it might well be due to nutrition, it being probable that, under natural conditions, a certain number of ticks are removed from the host before they have fed to repletion. When a host is infested with ticks it will brush or rub off a certain number prematurely and the ticks which are imperfectly fed would, doubtless, give rise to adults of small size. As stated, the great variability observed in Rhipicephalus is very striking. In the genus Ixodes, on the other hand, the size of the adults is fairly constant. In the latter case, we have, as a rule, to deal with small ticks provided in the immature stages with long hypostomes, both the small size and hypostomal structure rendering it most difficult for the tick to be removed prematurely from the host. It is difficult to remove Ixodes from the host without breaking the hypostome and using considerable force. In Haemaphysalis, as in Rhipicephalus, the immature stages are provided with short hypostomes and the ticks are more readily removed. The variation in size noted in adult Haemaphysalis, whilst considerable, is not as great as in Rhipicephalus, which would appear to be attributable to the smaller size of the tick, being in a measure a protection against its being prematurely removed from the host.

scholarly journals Effects of limnological and morphometric factors upon Zmin, Zmax and width of Egeria spp stands in a tropical reservoir

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Andréa Pierini ◽  
Sidinei Magela Thomaz
Keyword(s):  
Great Variability ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Secchi Disk ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Secchi Disk Depth ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Main Variable

In this work, regression analyses were used to test the effects of fetch, littoral slope and Secchi disk depth upon the stand width (Wi) and maximum (Zmax) and minimum (Zmin) colonization depths of Egeria spp in a large tropical reservoir (Rosana Reservoir). Littoral slope was the only variable correlated with Wi, which was larger in locations with lower slopes. The higher Wi values (up to 260m) were found in locations where slopes were lower than 0.05 m.m-1. Zmin and Zmax were correlated positively with fetch. Nevertheless, different relationships were found at lower and higher fetch values observed in the arms and in the main body of the reservoir, respectively. At lower values, Secchi disk depth was the main variable explaining Egeria Zmax. On the other hand, in locations where fetch was longer (i.e. in the main axis of the reservoir), it was the only variable that explained Zmax significantly. Despite the great variability, the results indicated that the measured limnological (Secchi disk) and morphometric (fetch and slope) variables were important determinants of Egeria spp colonization in the Rosana Reservoir.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Hardiness of Forsythia Cultivars

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve McNamara ◽  
Harold Pellett
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Early Season ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Cultivars

Abstract Winter hardiness profiles were developed for six Forsythia cultivars introduced in the last 10—15 years for superior flower bud hardiness. The cultivars ‘Meadowlark’, ‘Northern Gold’, ‘Northern Sun’, ‘New Hampshire Gold’, ‘Sunrise’, and ‘Vermont Sun’ were at least 2–4°C (4–7°F) more hardy than F. × intermedia and F. ovata cultivars on most sampling dates. All cultivars acclimated sufficiently to withstand early-season minimum temperatures in most years. By mid-winter, five of the six new introductions obtained maximum hardiness levels of – 36°C (−33°F). ‘Sunrise’ was 2–4°C (4–7°F) less hardy than the other cultivars in mid-winter but was one of the most hardy cultivars in late-winter. With the exception of ‘Vermont Sun’, there was little difference among the new cultivars in timing of deacclimation. ‘Vermont Sun’ deacclimated earliest and was less hardy than the other cultivars by mid-March. While these new introductions have experienced little flower-bud injury in field trials over the past decade, nearly 100% of the flower buds of these cultivars were killed in two of three winters encompassed by this study. The climatic conditions that resulted in injury were distinctly different for the two years.

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