scholarly journals Growth Inhibitory Polyacetylenes from Galls of Hedera rhombea Bean

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayumi Yamazoe ◽  
Koji Hasegawa ◽  
Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Hideyuki Shigemori
Keyword(s):  
Gall Midge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L ◽  
Hedera Rhombea

Plant growth inhibitory polyacetylenes have been isolated from the insect galls on flower buds of Hedera rhombea Bean (Araliaceae) formed by the ivy flower bud gall midge, Asphondylia sp. (Cecidomyiidae), and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. The EC50 values for roots/hypocotyls growth of cress ( Lepidium sativum L.) seedlings were 7.0×10−5/8.0×10−5 M for ( Z)-8-acetoxy-1,2-epoxy-3-oxoheptadeca-9-ene-4,6-diyne, 9.5×10−5/9.0×10−5 M for ( Z)-8-acetoxy-3-oxoheptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyne, 2.5×10−5/5.5×10−6 M for ( Z)-8-acetoxy-1-methoxy-3-oxoheptadeca-9-ene-4,6-diyne, and 7.5×10−5/2.0×10−6 M for falcarindiol, respectively. On the other hand, 8-acetoxyfalcarinol exhibited lower inhibition on roots and hypocotyls growth. Among these compounds, ( Z)-8-acetoxy-1-methoxy-3-oxoheptadeca-9-ene-4,6-diyne exhibited the strongest inhibitiory effect on root growth of cress seedlings, whereas against hypocotyl growth of cress seedlings, falcarindiol showed the strongest inhibition.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Hardiness of Forsythia Cultivars

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve McNamara ◽  
Harold Pellett
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Early Season ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Cultivars

Abstract Winter hardiness profiles were developed for six Forsythia cultivars introduced in the last 10—15 years for superior flower bud hardiness. The cultivars ‘Meadowlark’, ‘Northern Gold’, ‘Northern Sun’, ‘New Hampshire Gold’, ‘Sunrise’, and ‘Vermont Sun’ were at least 2–4°C (4–7°F) more hardy than F. × intermedia and F. ovata cultivars on most sampling dates. All cultivars acclimated sufficiently to withstand early-season minimum temperatures in most years. By mid-winter, five of the six new introductions obtained maximum hardiness levels of – 36°C (−33°F). ‘Sunrise’ was 2–4°C (4–7°F) less hardy than the other cultivars in mid-winter but was one of the most hardy cultivars in late-winter. With the exception of ‘Vermont Sun’, there was little difference among the new cultivars in timing of deacclimation. ‘Vermont Sun’ deacclimated earliest and was less hardy than the other cultivars by mid-March. While these new introductions have experienced little flower-bud injury in field trials over the past decade, nearly 100% of the flower buds of these cultivars were killed in two of three winters encompassed by this study. The climatic conditions that resulted in injury were distinctly different for the two years.

scholarly journals Significance of Flower Bud Density for Cultivar Evaluation in Almond

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1753-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama Kodad ◽  
Rafel Socias i Company
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Selection For

Flower bud density, spur density, and number of flower buds per spur were evaluated in 57 almond cultivars and selections during 3 consecutive years to establish their repeatability as well as their potential to ensure a sustainable commercial production. These three traits showed a high variability with significant differences between genotypes and years as well as a significant interaction of genotype and year. The effect of location and the interaction of location and genotype were not significant for bud density, but they were for spur density and number of flower buds per spur. Variability of flower bud density is mostly related to the number of flower buds per spur as indicated by the higher repeatability of spur density than that of the other two traits. A high flower bud density is essential for a sustainable production, because a high number of flowers may compensate frost damage. Early selection for a high flower bud density can be done indirectly through selection for a high spur density but requires its evaluation over several years.

scholarly journals Morphological properties of fruit bearing shoots of apricot cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatovic ◽  
Dejan Djurovic ◽  
Gordan Zec
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Morphological properties of fruit bearing shoots: length, number of flower buds and vegetative buds and their ratio were studied in 20 apricot cultivars during a two-year period. Control cultivar for comparison was ?Hungarian Best? (?Magyar kajszi?), clone 235. Fruit bearing shoots of apricot were classified into three groups: shoots, sylleptic shoots and spurs. The average length of shoots ranged from 68.8 to 85.0 cm; of sylleptic shoots from 6.9 to 27.0 cm; and of spurs from 1.4 to 4.1 cm. Flower buds/vegetative buds ratio was higher in spurs and sylleptic shoots (2,5 on average), compared to shoots (1,8 on average). Most of the studied apricot cultivars are characterized by higher flower bud density compared to control cultivar (?Hungarian Best?), indicating their higher yield potential. For all studied traits statistically significant differences between cultivars were found. The great variability was found in length of shoots, number of flower buds, and number of vegetative buds, while small coefficients of variation were found in thickness of shoots and length of internodes. Based on the obtained results, recommendations for pruning can be made. Cultivars with a higher number of flower buds (per 1 m in length and in relation to vegetative buds) such as: ?Lenova?, ?Tomcot?, ?Veecot?, ?Ninfa?, ?Sophia?, ?Silvercot? and ?Goldrich? require severe pruning. On the other hand, cultivars with lower flower bud density e.g. ?Hungarian Best?, ?Cegledy Arany? and ?Bella d?Imola? can be pruned slightly.

scholarly journals Chrysanthemum Production in Composted and Noncomposted Organic Waste Substrates Fertilized with Nitrogen at Two Rates Using Surface and Subirrigation

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1695-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Krucker ◽  
Rita L. Hummel ◽  
Craig Cogger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Available N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Better Than

As nursery and greenhouse growers adopt more sustainable production practices, interest has grown in local, recycled organic materials (ROM) as partial or complete substitutes for peat in container substrates. Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Ramat. ‘Shasta’ was grown in substrates formulated from ROM: 1) 100% Groco, an anaerobically digested biosolids composted with sawdust; 2) 100% Tagro, a thermophilically digested class A biosolid mixed with sawdust and sand; 3) 100% dairy compost, the solids screened from dairy manure slurry and then composted; 4) 100% dairy fiber, the solids fraction from an anaerobic dairy manure digester; 5) 50% Groco:50% douglas-fir bark (mixed by volume); 6) 50% Tagro:50% bark; 7) 50% dairy compost:50% bark; 8) 50% dairy fiber:50% bark; and 9) the control, a commercial peat–perlite mixture. Soluble fertilizer [200 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N)] was applied every second day (high N) or every fourth day (low N). Water was applied through capillary mat subirrigation or overhead sprinkler surface irrigation. Surface irrigation and high N produced shoot dry weight, shoot growth index (SGI), quality, and flower bud counts similar to controls in all ROMs but Groco. Groco SGI was similar to the control but the other parameters were lower. Surface-irrigated, low N shoot dry weight, SGI, and flower buds in all ROM equaled or exceeded the control and quality was similar to or better than controls in all but dairy compost:bark. Subirrigated and high N substrate comparisons indicated that growth, quality, and flower bud measurements were similar to the control except for Groco in which performance was reduced. Low N rate subirrigation produced dry weight, SGI, quality, and flower buds similar to or better than the control in all but the Groco and dairy compost:bark substrates. The generally inferior performance in Groco is likely the result of its low water-holding capacity. In substrates with higher available N (Groco, Tagro, Tagro:bark, and dairy fiber), plant growth parameters generally did not respond to doubling the applied N; in the other substrates, including the control, growth generally increased in response to additional N. Measured differences in leaf color across treatments were not large. Root growth of plants in the experimental substrates was similar to the control in both irrigation systems. Substrate effects on leachate nitrate-N were small and inconsistent. When properly constituted, biosolids and dairy manure can be used as substrates under reduced fertilization with both surface and subirrigation systems.

scholarly journals Studies on the factors that restrict sexual reproduction and fruit setting in Memecylon flavescens – an endangered taxon

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Tejavathi ◽  
B.S. Sumalatha ◽  
R. Nijagunaiah ◽  
P. Anitha ◽  
K. Gayatramma
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Fruit Setting

Memecylon flavescens Gamble is an endangered taxon of Nilgiri region of Western Ghats. Extensive survey in the study area- Avalanche, Ooty made during 2015-18 has revealed a few interesting aspects about the sexual reproductive cycle. Fruit setting is substantially very low though profuse flowering occurs. Flowers are hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, tetramerous, pin type and protogynous, favouring cross-pollination. Pollen fertility as assessed by Alexander’s differential staining is about 30%. Sections of flower buds have revealed the infestation by undescribed gallmidge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). In 90% of the flower buds observed, gall midge galleries are seen at various levels in the flower bud, destroying the reproductive organs by larval feeding. Hence, negligible fruit setting is mainly due to gallmidge infestation. Protogynous nature and low percent of pollen fertility are added factors aggravating the effect on fruit setting.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Cyclamen Leaf Unfolding Rate in Response to Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447d-447
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Day Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Response To Temperature

Nine-week-old plants of Cyclamen persicum `Miracle Salmon' were transplanted into 10-cm pots and placed in growth chambers at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C. The irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2 during a 16-h day length. After 8 weeks, the temperature was changed to 16 °C for all plants. Expanded leaves (1 cm or larger) were counted at weekly intervals for each plant. The rate of leaf unfolding increased with temperature to 20 °C. The fastest rate at 20 °C was 0.34 ± 0.05 leaf/day. Flower buds were visible 55 ± 7 days from start of temperature treatments (118 days from seeding) for the plants grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C. Flower buds appeared 60 ± 6.9 days from initiation of treatments for plants grown at 24 °C and 93 ± 8.9 days for cyclamens grown at 8 °C. Although there was no significant difference in rate of flower bud appearance for cyclamens grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C, the number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds varied significantly among all temperature treatments. Leaf number at flowering increased from 38 ± 4.7 for plants at 12 °C to 77 ± 8.3 at 24 °C. Flowers and flower buds increased from 18 ± 2.9 to 52 ± 11.0 as temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C. Plants grown at 8 °C had on average 6 ± 2 visible flower buds, but no open flowers at termination of the study (128 days from start of treatments).

scholarly journals Regulation of Flowering Timing by ABA-NnSnRK1 Signaling Pathway in Lotus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3932
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Qijiang Jin ◽  
Jiaying Kuang ◽  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Yingchun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion

The lotus produces flower buds at each node, yet most of them are aborted because of unfavorable environmental changes and the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we proposed a potential novel pathway for ABA-mediated flower timing control in the lotus, which was explored by combining molecular, genetic, transcriptomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic approaches. We found that the aborting flower buds experienced extensive programmed cell death (PCD). The hormonal changes between the normal and aborting flower buds were dominated by abscisic acid (ABA). Seedlings treated with increasing concentrations of ABA exhibited a differential alleviating effect on flower bud abortion, with a maximal response at 80 μM. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed the changes of ABA content and the occurrence of PCD, and indicated the importance of PCD-related SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (NnSnRK1). The NnSnRK1-silenced lotus seedlings showed stronger flowering ability, with their flower:leaf ratio increased by 40%. When seedlings were treated with ABA, the expression level and protein kinase activity of NnSnRK1 significantly decreased. The phenotype of NnSnRK1-silenced seedlings could also be enhanced by ABA treatment and reversed by tungstate treatment. These results suggested that the decline of ABA content in lotus flower buds released its repression of NnSnRK1, which then initiated flower bud abortion.

Toxicological effects of different-sized Co–Fe (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles on Lepidium sativum L.: towards better understanding of nanophytotoxicity

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-291
Author(s):  
D. Montvydienė ◽  
A. Jagminas ◽  
Ž. Jurgelėnė ◽  
M. Kazlauskas ◽  
R. Butrimienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Cofe2o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Tires Evaluated in Simulated Conditions

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Markéta Šourková ◽  
Dana Adamcová ◽  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Magdalena Daria Vaverková
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Aqueous Leachate ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Illegal dumps and landfills with disposed of tires are a fact of today, which should not be neglected as they represent a great ecological burden for the environment, affect the surrounding nature and disturb the landscape. This research was focused on testing the phytotoxicity of aqueous leachates from the fractions of tires in two sets of experiments—to simulate laboratory conditions (tire leaching in distilled water) and natural conditions (tire leaching in water from a recipient) using the Phytotoxkit testing kit (kit for the establishment of inhibition/stimulation effect on the root development) and the watercress test of phytotoxicity (biological method for the assessment of leachate phytotoxicity). Plants whose seeds were selected for the test were watercress (Lepidium sativum L.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.). The aqueous leachate was tested for 38 weeks. During the experiment, physical and chemical parameters were measured at intervals of 14 days by the testing instrument HACH TEST KIT: electric conductivity (EC), amount of dissolved oxygen (LDO) and pH. Results of root growth inhibition (IR) on the seeds of Lepidium sativum L. and Sinapis alba L. exhibited values ranging from 11.73% to 47.74% in the tested samples. Results of germination index (GI) on the seeds of Lepidium sativum L. exhibited values below 66% in the tested samples, which indicated the leachate phytotoxicity. In spite of the fact that similar studies are tackling the acute toxicity of leachates from tires (particularly to algae, embryos and animals), this research brings complementary information in testing the acute phytotoxicity of tire leachates to higher plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document