scholarly journals A typology of lexical semantic relations between nominal lexemes of Slavic origin with identical roots in Serbian and Bulgarian (a comparative approach)

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Mariana Aleksic
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Common Noun ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Slavic Languages

This paper discusses the semantic relations between common nouns of Slavic origin in contemporary Serbian and Bulgarian, as well as their phonological and prosodic adaptations and integrations in the respective lexical systems. The emphasis is laid on a wide scope of convergence or divergence in the semantics of formally similar nominal lexemes, ranging from formal-stylistic equivalence to semantic exclusivity. This research presents the methodological procedure for a comparative semantic analysis of common noun lexemes of Slavic origin in genetically related (Slavic) languages.

scholarly journals New Verbal Lexemes of the Word-Formative Family with a Base “Corona” in the German Vocabulary of the Pandemic Period: Structural and Semantic Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
Ludmila А. Yushkova
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
The Internet ◽  
German Language ◽  
Search System ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Google Search

The article considers the structural and semantic peculiarities of German colloquial verbs, which belong to the word formation family with the base “Corona”. The article analyzes the lexemes formed during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from October 2019 to May 2021. In the course of the study new verbs not listed in the lexicographical sources have been found. The majority of these verbal lexemes are occasional: they are identified by small frequencies and only function within the framework of certain types of text in the Internet discourse (blogs, Twitter, social networks). The author specifies the meaning of some verbs entered in the lexicographical base of the Leibniz-Institute for German Language (OWID.de). The author describes both the formal and the lexical-semantic structures of verbal lexemes, considers their word-forming and lexical-semantic relations that combine the motivating noun “corona” and derived words. The study characterizes the models of building the colloquial verbal lexemes, which are currently productive and highly active in the context of the German “coronavirus discourse”. The study proves that the German vocabulary expanded at the time of Covid-19 pandemic through the suffixal word-forming models and the formation of verbs with prepositional and adverbial particles. The study shows that the models of the formation of verbal units with prepositional and adverbial components are particularly active, while the prefixal models are not active in the formation of verbs with the component “Corona”. The author analyzes examples of the use of the lexemes in context, which are presented in the text corpus of the Google search system, determines the frequency of the verbal units. The article clearly shows the differences in the meaning and functioning of verbal lexemes. The article notes some peculiarities of their lexical compatibility.

scholarly journals MISCELLANEA ETYMOLOGICA: SLAVICA. II

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Iliadi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Semantic System ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Slavic Languages

The paper deals with the etymological interpretation of Slavonic dialectal words, which earlier did not become visible to other researchers or were not satisfactorily explained in special literature. Observation about the structure of mentioned words has enabled the author to make several conclusions. 1. Some of mentioned Slavic words show archaic features, which reveal Proto-Slavonic age of these lexemes (відь, вíра, вíритися, масéса, чукíрни(й), чумак, чупірдáти, чутíти). 2. Meaning of a few dialectal words keeps relicts of older system of semantic relations, existed in the epoch of Slavic-Iranian language contacts (Transcarp., Boyk. бог, dial. of the Dnieper закон). 3. Ways and prototypes of borrowings from the non-Slavic languages may be and should be clarified by usage new dialectal lexemes in scientific circulation (East Slavic казнá). 4. One of viewed examples shows an interesting peculiarity of Slavic languages lexical-semantic system, to wit, deonymisation of Christians (calendar) names. In so doing semantic range of newly formed apellatives is limited with scope of characteristic of external appearance of a person and its intellectual features (сапетóн).Key words: etymology, word formation, derivative, semantics, Slavic.

scholarly journals ПОЛЬСЬКІ ЗАПОЗИЧЕННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ФІТОНІМІЇ

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
О. М. Пащенко
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Plant Plant

The article is dedicated to the study of the formation of phytonymous borrowings of Polish origin. The topicality of the chosen subject is determined by the need to deepen and systematize the data of etymological research of Ukrainian phytonymous borrowings of Polish origin. The aim of the study is to establish ways of archaic groups’ forming of the vocabulary of the modern Ukrainian language of the Western-Slavic origin. The following tasks depended of the aim. – to establish the ways of borrowing of Phytonymous Nomenclature in the Ukrainian language; – to identify the diachronic models of semantic changes in the Proto-Indo-European stems (roots), to which modern Ukrainian plant names are concerned. The botanic borrowings of Polish origin are analized. The research proves that semantic modifications, as in other groups of East-Slavonic botanical names, occur under certain dynamic motivational models (form → name by form, plant → plant, action → subject of action → name by subject, action → object of action → name of object, animal (bird) → name in form, form → habitat → name by place, place → name by place, plant → part of plant → name by part, etc.), and it is accompanied by a number of specific semantic modifications primarily inherent to individual lexical-semantic groups of botanical vocabulary. So, the necessity for the further study of botanical borrowings, is that the motivational foundations, called derivatives, lead to more profound semantic analysis of this lexical-semantic group of words, and also contribute to the further study of etymological character. The requirements of comparative-historical, etymological study of the Slavonic vocabulary arise the task of developing of a more precise lexical and terminological approach to interlingual synonymy phenomena, lexical and semantic parallels, models of nomination (motivational models), search for other permanent inter-system semantic relations. Etymological dictionaries and special lexicological studies of Slavonic languages create a sufficiently enough base for it and contain valuable personal observations that require systematization and theoretical substantiation.

scholarly journals Brain Activation During Reading in Deep Dyslexia: An MEG Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Laine ◽  
Riitta Salmelin ◽  
Päivi Helenius ◽  
Reijo Marttila
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Deep Dyslexia ◽  
Single Word Reading

Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) changes in cortical activity were studied in a chronic Finnish-speaking deep dyslexic patient during single-word and sentence reading. It has been hypothesized that in deep dyslexia, written word recognition and its lexical-semantic analysis are subserved by the intact right hemisphere. However, in our patient, as well as in most nonimpaired readers, lexical-semantic processing as measured by sentence-final semantic-incongruency detection was related to the left superior-temporal cortex activation. Activations around this same cortical area could be identified in single-word reading as well. Another factor relevant to deep dyslexic reading, the morphological complexity of the presented words, was also studied. The effect of morphology was observed only during the preparation for oral output. By performing repeated recordings 1 year apart, we were able to document significant variability in both the spontaneous activity and the evoked responses in the lesioned left hemisphere even though at the behavioural level, the patient's performance was stable. The observed variability emphasizes the importance of estimating consistency of brain activity both within and between measurements in brain-damaged individuals.

To Predict or Not to Predict: Influences of Task and Strategy on the Processing of Semantic Relations

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1259-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Roehm ◽  
Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky ◽  
Frank Rösler ◽  
Matthias Schlesewsky
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Experimental Environment

We report a series of event-related potential experiments designed to dissociate the functionally distinct processes involved in the comprehension of highly restricted lexical-semantic relations (antonyms). We sought to differentiate between influences of semantic relatedness (which are independent of the experimental setting) and processes related to predictability (which differ as a function of the experimental environment). To this end, we conducted three ERP studies contrasting the processing of antonym relations (black-white) with that of related (black-yellow) and unrelated (black-nice) word pairs. Whereas the lexical-semantic manipulation was kept constant across experiments, the experimental environment and the task demands varied: Experiment 1 presented the word pairs in a sentence context of the form The opposite of X is Y and used a sensicality judgment. Experiment 2 used a word pair presentation mode and a lexical decision task. Experiment 3 also examined word pairs, but with an antonymy judgment task. All three experiments revealed a graded N400 response (unrelated > related > antonyms), thus supporting the assumption that semantic associations are processed automatically. In addition, the experiments revealed that, in highly constrained task environments, the N400 gradation occurs simultaneously with a P300 effect for the antonym condition, thus leading to the superficial impression of an extremely “reduced” N400 for antonym pairs. Comparisons across experiments and participant groups revealed that the P300 effect is not only a function of stimulus constraints (i.e., sentence context) and experimental task, but that it is also crucially influenced by individual processing strategies used to achieve successful task performance.

scholarly journals Learning Lexical Subspaces in a Distributional Vector Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 311-329
Author(s):  
Kushal Arora ◽  
Aishik Chakraborty ◽  
Jackie C. K. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Vector Space ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Word Embeddings ◽  
Word Similarity ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Classification Tasks

In this paper, we propose LexSub, a novel approach towards unifying lexical and distributional semantics. We inject knowledge about lexical-semantic relations into distributional word embeddings by defining subspaces of the distributional vector space in which a lexical relation should hold. Our framework can handle symmetric attract and repel relations (e.g., synonymy and antonymy, respectively), as well as asymmetric relations (e.g., hypernymy and meronomy). In a suite of intrinsic benchmarks, we show that our model outperforms previous approaches on relatedness tasks and on hypernymy classification and detection, while being competitive on word similarity tasks. It also outperforms previous systems on extrinsic classification tasks that benefit from exploiting lexical relational cues. We perform a series of analyses to understand the behaviors of our model. 1 Code available at https://github.com/aishikchakraborty/LexSub .

scholarly journals Corpus Based Lexical Semantic Analysis of Minimal Pairs of Deverbal Adjectives with the Spanish '-dor/-nte' Suffixes

10.29007/vmrh ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Tsutahara
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Minimal Pairs

This paper shows the semantic differences and similarities between Spanish active deverbal adjectives with the -dor and -nte suffixes. Minimal pairs of derivatives with the suffixes will be quantitatively analyzed, as the patterns of modification are the center of the interest. This study concludes that the derivatives’ modification patterns are parallel with the denotation patterns of nominal derivatives with the same suffixes.

scholarly journals Semantic relations between verbs in Polish WordNet 2.0

2015 ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Marek Maziarz ◽  
Maciej Piasecki ◽  
Stanisław Szpakowicz ◽  
Joanna Rabiega-Wiśniewska ◽  
Bożena Hojka
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Design Decisions

Semantic relations between verbs in Polish WordNet 2.0The noun dominates wordnets. The lexical semantics of verbs is usually under-represented, even if it is essential in any semantic analysis which goes beyond statistical methods. We present our attempt to remedy the imbalance; it begins by designing a sufficiently rich set of wordnet relations for verbs. We discuss and show in detail such a relation set in the largest Polish wordnet. Our design decisions, while as general and language-independent as possible, are mainly informed by our desire to capture the nature and peculiarities of the verb system in Polish.

RUSSISMS IN THE MODERN SERBIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (103) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
JELENA LEPOJEVIC
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Russian Language

This paper considers, from the point of view of modern theory of language in contact, words loaned from the Russian language or through the Russian language that are still in active use in the modern Serbian language. The aim of this paper is to determine the corpus of these elements in the dictionaries of the modern Serbian literary language, as well as to conduct a morphological and lexical-semantic analysis of the collected material. Many of these words are not perceived as borrowings by speakers of the Serbian language, but it is a fact that these elements came to the Serbian language from Russian. The author studies the words with the label rus. , identified by the analysis of Serbian language dictionaries. Words of Russian origin that are on the periphery of the lexical fund of the Serbian language, such as archaisms and historicisms, have not been taken into consideration.

An empiricist’s view of the ontology of lexical-semantic relations

2010 ◽  
pp. 115-144
Author(s):  
Cyril Belica ◽  
Holger Keibel ◽  
Marc Kupietz ◽  
Rainer Perkuhn
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Lexical Semantic
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