scholarly journals Bone markers and osteoporosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaya Emerk
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Trabecular Microstructure ◽  
Markers Of Bone Turnover

Diagnosis of a given disease is often the first step to a successful therapy. The use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis is becoming more important due to their capacity to give early information. Many of the new markers are proteins, peptides, or other large biomolecules, usually present at very low concentrations. Bone is a living, growing tissue that turns over at a rate of about 10% a year. It is lergely made up of collagen, that gives the bone its tensile strength and framework, and calcium phosphate, mineralized complex that hardens the framework. After age 24, bone resorption slowly begins to happen faster than bone formation. Bone loss is most rapid in women in the first few year after menopause but continues into the postmenopausal years. Loss although much slowly, also happens in men. In addition to bone porosity, the bone strength is determined by the trabecular microstructure in wich osteoclastic, and osteoblastic activities play an important role. Osteoporosis develops when bone resorption occurs too rapidly and bone formation fails to keep up. Risk factors for osteoporosis involves age, gender, ethnicity, use of certain drugs, exercise, smoking Vit D deficiency, Ca intake, sex hormones, alcohol intake etc. Mineralization markers are serum osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, serum prokollagen I extention peptides. Markers for the resorption of bone on the other hand are urine N-telopeptide crosslinks, urine deoxy-piridinoline, urine hydroxyproline, tartarate dependent acid phosphatase and Catepsin K. Biochemical markers of bone turnover should be used with BMD for diagnosis.

Physical activity increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption as assessed by biochemical markers of bone turnover

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 250-250
Author(s):  
HW Woitge ◽  
M Müller ◽  
P Bärtsch ◽  
B Friedmann ◽  
MJ Seibel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Markers Of Bone Turnover

scholarly journals Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Glucocorticoids

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-626
Author(s):  
Luana Andreea Macovei ◽  
Alexandra Burlui ◽  
Elena Rezus
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Resorption Marker ◽  
Bone Formation Marker ◽  
Markers Of Bone Turnover

Osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline levels were measured in 55 RA patients during and after glucocorticoid therapy with prednisone, methylprednisolone and cortisone. A decrease of 27% of the bone resorption marker deoxypyridinoline (from 10.13 to 7.4) and an increase of 23% of the bone formation marker osteocalcin (from 16.3 to 20.1) were also clinically confirmed by the presence of osteoporosis in 74% of patients receiving corticosteroid treatment as compared with only 31% in the control group.

An increase in bone stability in an aripiprazole add-on or switching study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1257-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Masand ◽  
R. Sherwood ◽  
K.J. Aitchison
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Urinary Markers ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a mental health disorder associated with high rates of osteoporosis. Studies have suggested antipsychotics as a major cause of accelerated decrease in bone mineral density.Oestrogen deficiency contributes to osteoporosis and causes increased osteoclast numbers/osteoclastic activity. Prolactin suppresses hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis activity, leading to decreased oestrogen concentrations.Aripiprazole, an ‘atypical’ antipsychotic, is a partial agonist at dopamine D2-receptors, while other atypical antipsychotics are antagonists at these receptors. Dopamine inhibits prolactin release via these receptors at the anterior pituitary. Aripiprazole has been found to decrease prolactin concentrations in chronic schizophrenics and may be protective against osteoporosis.Quantitation of specific markers of osteoclastic (cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTX)) and osteoblastic activity (bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP)) can be correlated with bone resorption and bone formation, respectively.ObjectivesExploring whether aripiprazole is effective in stabilising bone turnover.AimsInvestigate changes in urinary markers of bone turnover.MethodsWe performed 52 week, open-label, intention-to-treat study, offering either a switch to aripiprazole or aripiprazole as add-on to initial antipsychotic medication.Serial measurements of prolactin, testosterone, 17-β-oestradiol, serum BAP, albumin, urinary creatinine, and urinary NTX concentrations were taken between 0 and 52 weeks.ResultsAt the end-point of study, versus the baseline, there were significant decreases in concentrations of urinary markers of bone resorption (P = 0.002 for NTX) and bone formation (P = .026 for BAP). Additionally, a significant decrease in prolactin (P = 0.004) and significant increase in 17-β-oestradiol concentrations (P = 0.015) were found.ConclusionsOur results show decreased overall bone turnover; and increased long-term bone stability in patients who changed medication.

Weight-bearing exercise and markers of bone turnover in female athletes

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. Creighton ◽  
Amy L. Morgan ◽  
Debra Boardley ◽  
P. Gunnar Brolinson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Group ◽  
Markers Of Bone Turnover ◽  
Total Body

Weight-bearing activity provides an osteogenic stimulus, while effects of swimming on bone are unclear. We evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover in female athletes ( n = 41, age 20.7 yr) comparing three impact groups, high impact (High, basketball and volleyball, n= 14), medium impact (Med, soccer and track, n = 13), and nonimpact (Non, swimming, n = 7), with sedentary age-matched controls (Con, n = 7). BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, femoral neck (FN), Ward's triangle, and trochanter (TR); bone resorption estimated from urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTx); and bone formation determined from serum osteocalcin. Adjusted BMD (g/cm; covariates: body mass index, weight, and calcium and calorie intake) was greater at the FN and TR in the High group (1.27 ± 0.03 and 1.05 ± 0.03) than in the Non (1.05 ± 0.04 and 0.86 ± 0.04) and Con (1.03 ± 0.05 and 0.85 ± 0.05) groups and greater at the TR in the Med group (1.01 ± 0.03) than in the Non (0.86 ± 0.04) and Con (0.85 ± 0.05) groups. Total body BMD was higher in the High group (4.9 ± 0.12) than in the Med (4.5 ± 0.12), Non (4.2 ± 0.14), and Con (4.1 ± 0.17) groups and greater in the Med group than in the Non and Con groups. Bone formation was lower in the Non group (19.8 ± 2.6) than in the High (30.6 ± 3.0) and Med (32.9 ± 1.9, P ≤ 0.05) groups. No differences in a marker of bone resorption (NTx) were noted. This indicates that women who participate in impact sports such as volleyball and basketball had higher BMDs and bone formation values than female swimmers.

scholarly journals Capture the fracture - use of bone turnover markers in clinical practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 450-455
Author(s):  
Miljanka Vuksanovic ◽  
Teodora Beljic-Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Turnover Markers ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Turnover Markers ◽  
Markers Of Bone Formation

Bone is a living tissue, metabolically very active, with the level of turnover of about 10% per year. Bone remodeling is a well-balanced process of bone resorption, induced by osteoclasts and bone formation maintained osteoblasts. Loss of bone remodeling balance, with increased bone resorption, leads to osteoporosis. Bone turnover markers are classified as markers of bone formation and of bone resorption. During the growth and development of skeleton, bone turnover markers show higher levels of activity than in the adult period. The increase in biochemical markers peaks again in the postmenopausal period, indicating accelerated bone remodeling. Bone mineral density is an important predictor of an osteoporotic fracture. Timely assessment of risk factors of osteoporosis and bone markers can detect subjects with accelerated bone remodeling and osteoporosis. This may introduce adequate therapy and prevent fracture.

Bone formation is increased to a greater extent than bone resorption during a cycling stage race

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela S. Hinton ◽  
Anna Rolleston ◽  
Nancy J. Rehrer ◽  
Ien J. Hellemans ◽  
Benjamin F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Markers Of Bone Turnover

This study examined the effects of participation in the Tour of Southland, a 6-day bicycle race, on serum markers of bone turnover in 5 elite male cyclists. During the race, energy intake matched expenditure. Osteocalcin was increased ~300% on days 1–5; and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen was elevated (43%) on day 3. Participation in a cycling stage race does not appear to have deleterious effects on bone turnover.

scholarly journals A case of hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis: accelerated bone turnover controlled by pulse steroid therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Miyamura ◽  
Shuhei Nishida ◽  
Mina Itasaka ◽  
Hirofumi Matsuda ◽  
Takeshi Ohtou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
List Type ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Disorder

Summary Hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis (HCAO), a very rare disorder in which an extremely rapid bone turnover occurs and results in osteosclerosis, was acknowledged in 1990s as a new clinical entity with the unique bone disorder and definite link to chronic type C hepatitis, although the pathogenesis still remains unknown. Affected patients suffer from excruciating deep bone pains. We report the 19th case of HCAO with diagnosis confirmed by bone biopsy, and treated initially with a bisphosphonate, next with corticosteroids and finally with direct acting antivirals (DAA: sofosbuvir and ribavirin) for HCV infection. Risedronate, 17.5 mg/day for 38 days, did not improve the patient’s symptoms or extremely elevated levels of bone markers, which indicated hyper-bone-formation and coexisting hyper-bone-resorption in the patient. Next, intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by high-dose oral administration of prednisolone evidently improved them. DAA therapy initiated after steroid therapy successfully achieved sustained virological response, but no additional therapeutic effect on them was observed. Our results strongly suggested that the underlying immunological alteration is the crucial key to clarify the pathogenesis of HCAO. Bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae of the patient was increased by 14% in four-month period of observation. Clarification of the mechanisms that develop osteosclerosis in HCAO might lead to a new therapeutic perspective for osteoporosis. Learning points: HCAO is an extremely rare bone disorder, which occurs exclusively in patients affected with HCV, of which only 18 cases have been reported since 1992 and pathogenesis still remains unclear. Pathophysiology of HCAO is highly accelerated rates of both bone formation and bone resorption, with higher rate of formation than that of resorption, which occur in general skeletal leading to the diffuse osteosclerosis with severe bone pains. Steroid therapy including intravenous pulse administration in our patient evidently ameliorated his bone pains and reduced elevated values of bone markers. This was the first successful treatment for HCAO among cases reported so far and seemed to propose a key to solve the question for its pathogenesis. The speed of increase in the bone mineral content of the patient was very high, suggesting that clarification of the mechanism(s) might lead to the development of a novel therapy for osteoporosis.

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