scholarly journals Importation and spread of pandemic influenza virus a(H1N1) in Autonomous Province of vojvodina in preepidemic period

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 502-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mioljub Ristic ◽  
Zorica Seguljev ◽  
Jasminka Nedeljkovic ◽  
Svetlana Ilic ◽  
Dragica Injac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Autonomous Province ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks ◽  
Local Transmission

Introduction. Influenza is the most frequently reported communicable disease, having epidemic and pandemic potential. The first influenza pandemic in this century started in Mexico and spread quickly throughout the world. This paper analyses importation of pandemic influenza cases and local transmission among population in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Material and methods. According to the WHO guidelines and national recommendations, the influenza surveillance activities were conducted in Vojvodina in order to detect, isolate and treat affected international travelers and their close contacts. Patients whose pandemic influenza infection was laboratory confirmed were classified as confirmed cases, while those with symptoms who were epidemiologically linked with confirmed cases were classified as probable cases. Results. During the period from the 24th of June to 17th of August 2009, 123 pandemic influenza cases were recorded in Vojvodina. Infection was imported through international travelers and our citizens coming from countries affected by influenza outbreaks. Majority of cases had mild clinical picture. Most frequently reported symptoms were high fever (above 38oC) (85.6%), and cough (61.6%). Difficulty in breathing was recorded in 20 (16.0%) cases, while pneumonia developed in 4 (3.2%) cases but none of the cases required mechanical ventilation. Conclusion. The imported cases of pandemic influenza in the pre-epidemic period led to limited local transmission in general population and caused a small outbreak among visitors of International music festival called EXIT.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1514-36
Author(s):  
Adamou Lagare ◽  
Soatiana Rajatonirina ◽  
Jean Testa ◽  
Saidou Mamadou
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Keywords Influenza

Background: Influenza infection is a serious public health problem that causes an estimated 3 to 5 million cases and 250,000 deaths worldwide every year. The epidemiology of influenza is well-documented in high- and middle-income countries, however minimal effort had been made to understand the epidemiology, burden and seasonality of influenza in Africa. This study aims to assess the state of knowledge of seasonal influenza epidemiology in Africa and identify potential data gaps for policy formulation following the 2009 pandemic. Method: We reviewed articles from Africa published into four databases namely: MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Scientific Research Publishing from 2010 to 2019. Results: We screened titles and abstracts of 2070 studies of which 311 were selected for full content evaluation and 199 studies were considered. Selected articles varied substantially on the basis of the topics they addressed covering the field of influenza surveillance (n=80); influenza risk factors and co-morbidities (n=15); influenza burden (n=37); influenza vaccina- tion (n=40); influenza and other respiratory pathogens (n=22) and influenza diagnosis (n=5). Conclusion: Significant progress has been made since the last pandemic in understanding the influenza epidemiology in Africa. However, efforts still remain for most countries to have sufficient data to allow countries to prioritize strategies for influenza prevention and control. Keywords: Influenza; epidemiology; review; Africa; post pandemic.

scholarly journals Developing a system to estimate the severity of influenza infection in England: findings from a hospital-based surveillance system between 2010/2011 and 2014/2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 1461-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. BODDINGTON ◽  
N. Q. VERLANDER ◽  
R. G. PEBODY
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYThe UK Severe Influenza Surveillance System (USISS) was established following the 2009 influenza pandemic to monitor severe seasonal influenza. This article describes the severity of influenza observed in five post-2009 pandemic seasons in England. Two key measures were used to assess severity: impact measured through the cumulative incidence of laboratory-confirmed hospitalised influenza and case severity through the proportion of confirmed hospitalised cases admitted into intensive care units (ICU)/high dependency units (HDU). The impact of influenza varied by subtype and age group across the five seasons with the highest crude cumulative hospitalisation incidence for influenza A/H1N1pdm09 cases in 2010/2011 and in 0–4 year olds each season for all-subtypes. Case severity also varied by subtype and season with a higher hospitalisation: ICU ratio for A/H1N1pdm09 and older age groups (older than 45 years). The USISS system provides a tool for measuring severity of influenza each year. Such seasonal surveillance can provide robust baseline estimates to allow for rapid assessment of the severity of seasonal and emerging influenza viruses.

scholarly journals Web query-based surveillance in Sweden during the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic, April 2009 to February 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hulth ◽  
G Rydevik
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Influenza Activity ◽  
Swedish Medical ◽  
The Media

At the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, statistical models based on queries submitted to a Swedish medical website are used as a complement to the regular influenza surveillance. The models have previously been shown to perform well for seasonal influenza. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the statistical models in the context of the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic, a period when many factors, for example the media, could have influenced people's search behaviour on the Internet and consequently the performance of the models. Our evaluation indicates consistent good reliability for the statistical models also during the pandemic. When compared to Google Flu Trends for Sweden, they were at least equivalent in terms of estimating the influenza activity, and even seemed to be more precise in estimating the peak incidence of the influenza pandemic.

scholarly journals Entry screening to delay local transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Cowling ◽  
Lincoln LH Lau ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Helen WC Wong ◽  
Vicky J Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Local Transmission

scholarly journals Improving pandemic influenza risk assessment

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A Russell ◽  
Peter M Kasson ◽  
Ruben O Donis ◽  
Steven Riley ◽  
John Dunbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Virus Genotype

Assessing the pandemic risk posed by specific non-human influenza A viruses is an important goal in public health research. As influenza virus genome sequencing becomes cheaper, faster, and more readily available, the ability to predict pandemic potential from sequence data could transform pandemic influenza risk assessment capabilities. However, the complexities of the relationships between virus genotype and phenotype make such predictions extremely difficult. The integration of experimental work, computational tool development, and analysis of evolutionary pathways, together with refinements to influenza surveillance, has the potential to transform our ability to assess the risks posed to humans by non-human influenza viruses and lead to improved pandemic preparedness and response.

Seasonal and pandemic influenza surveillance

2013 ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
Lynnette Brammer ◽  
Alicia P. Budd ◽  
Lyn Finelli
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza Surveillance

Business Firms' Responses to the Crises of 2009

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-110
Author(s):  
Sean M. Murphy ◽  
Daniel L. Friesner ◽  
Robert Rosenman
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Generalized Maximum Entropy ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks

In 2009 firms faced both economic uncertainty and influenza outbreaks. Both crises posed large costs for firms; however, the manner in which they were perceived by management to affect the organization potentially differed. Using generalized maximum entropy (GME) the authors analyzed a business outlook survey of Seattle, Washington area businesses. Overall, firms were more proactive in responding to the economic crisis than to the influenza pandemic, even though the potential costs associated with both were quite large. Among the authors' conclusions is that business managers responded to the economic crisis more because it was more familiar and something over which they thought they had more control.

scholarly journals Health services restructuring in Alberta and the 2009 pandemic influenza—An untimely concurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Richard Musto ◽  
Judy MacDonald ◽  
Anne Ulrich ◽  
Kevin Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Management Communications ◽  
Significant Health

In the last 12 years, every Canadian province and territory has undertaken significant health services restructuring, with the pace of change accelerating recently. When the H1N1 Pandemic Influenza (PI) hit Alberta in the spring of 2009, the province had just begun a restructuring of health services of a scale unprecedented in Canada. The new province-wide entity, Alberta Health Services (AHS), was faced with mounting an effective response to a global communicable disease outbreak during a time of great organizational flux. In this retrospective, the authors reflect on challenges and opportunities presented during the AHS PI response related to the coordination of public health, laboratory services, emergency and disaster management, communications, and health services delivery. Lessons learned are shared that may be helpful to other provinces and territories as they continue to evolve their systems, so that they may be better prepared to respond to an untimely event such as a pandemic.

scholarly journals Genomic surveillance of COVID-19 cases in Beijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Du ◽  
Nan Ding ◽  
Jiarui Li ◽  
Fujie Zhang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genomic Evolution ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variations ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract The spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Beijing before May, 2020 resulted from transmission following both domestic and global importation of cases. Here we present genomic surveillance data on 102 imported cases, which account for 17.2% of the total cases in Beijing. Our data suggest that all of the cases in Beijing can be broadly classified into one of three groups: Wuhan exposure, local transmission and overseas imports. We classify all sequenced genomes into seven clusters based on representative high-frequency single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genomic comparisons reveal higher genomic diversity in the imported group compared to both the Wuhan exposure and local transmission groups, indicating continuous genomic evolution during global transmission. The imported group show region-specific SNPs, while the intra-host single nucleotide variations present as random features, and show no significant differences among groups. Epidemiological data suggest that detection of cases at immigration with mandatory quarantine may be an effective way to prevent recurring outbreaks triggered by imported cases. Notably, we also identify a set of novel indels. Our data imply that SARS-CoV-2 genomes may have high mutational tolerance.

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