Sexual dimorphism in body composition of children in the North Backa region

Introduction. Anthropometric measurements are widely used in the assessment of growth, nutritional status and body composition in children. The objective of the study was to describe growth and body composition of children using simple anthropometric measures. Material and Methods. The investigation was performed in 13 primary schools in the territory of North Backa during 2017 and at the beginning of 2018. A total of 593 schoolchildren aged 6.50 - 10.49 years (in decimals) were included in the study. The following parameters were measured: height, weight, upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. These measurements were used to calculate the body mass index, total upper arm area, upper-arm muscle area, upper-arm fat area, and the arm fat mass percentage for each individual. Results. The study results show that children?s growth is almost linear over the first decade of life and the lean body mass increases at similar rates in boys and girls. However, girls show higher percentage of body fat and higher triceps skinfold thickness, while the body mass index is not significantly different. The secular trends in height are slowing down or have already ceased, but the weight generally continues increasing. Conclusion. Although sexual differences in anthropological measures are insignificant, the differences in body composition are evident before puberty.

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Accuracy of Body Mass Index and Obesity Status in Police Trainees

European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education ◽

10.3390/ejihpe12010004 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 42-49

Author(s):

Miloš Stojković ◽

Katie M. Heinrich ◽

Aleksandar Čvorović ◽

Velimir Jeknić ◽

Gianpiero Greco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Direct Method ◽

Body Height ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Obesity Status ◽

Study Results

The first aim of this study was to compare body mass index (BMI) (indirect method) classification with the body fat percent (PBF) (direct method) and to determine how BMI classifies subjects with different levels of skeletal muscle mass percent (PSMM). The second aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity status among police trainees (PTs). A total of 103 male PTs participated in this research: age = 21.46 ± 0.64 years, body mass (BM) = 75.97 ± 8.10 kg, body height (BH) = 174.07 ± 6.31 cm, BMI = 25.05 ± 2.12 kg/m2. The InBody 370 multichannel bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measured body composition. Study results indicated that muscular PTs could be misclassified as overweight and that PBF identified more subjects as obese. Namely, three PTs were obese according to BMI, while 13 were obese according to PBF. The information provided by this research could be used to help professionals understand the importance of measuring body composition, and the inaccuracies in BMI classification. In conclusion, whenever possible PSMM and PBF should replace the utilization of BMI to screen overweight and obesity in PTs. Agencies may think of using BIA as non-invasive, quick and inexpensive measurement tool.

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Evaluation of upper arm muscle and fat area of children and adolescents from Ankara, Turkey

Anthropological Review ◽

10.2478/anre-2020-0014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 197-208

Author(s):

Cansev Meşe Yavuz ◽

Başak Koca Özer

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Mass ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Muscle Area ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Local Reference ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

AbstractArm anthropometry is a commonly used method for determining the nutritional status of children and adolescents. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the arm anthropometry of 1484 children and adolescents (760 boys and 724 girls) aged between 6–17 years. The sample groups are selected who are living in Ankara to establish local reference values. In order to determine upper Arm Muscle Area (AMA) and upper Arm Fat Area (AFA), height, weight, upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness measurements were taken in accordance with International Biological Program (IBP) protocols. Smoothed percentiles of AMA and AFA were obtained. Body mass index was calculated with weight and height measurements (kg/m2). Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were measured using bio-impedance analyzer. According to the obtained results, arm muscle area values were higher in boys and arm fat area was higher in girls. In addition, sex difference in these variables increased with age. There was a high positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and AMA, AFA. It has been found that there is a difference in AMA and AFA values for Ankara children compared to previous studies in Turkey.

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Evaluation of body composition and muscular strength in different sports

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1706150k ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (5-6) ◽

pp. 150-154

Author(s):

Vedrana Karan ◽

Aleksandra Rakovac ◽

Mladen Karan ◽

Milan Popovic ◽

Jelena Klasnja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Contraction ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Height ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

The Body ◽

Football Players ◽

Average Value ◽

Maximum Value

Introduction. Body composition measurements and dynamometric parameters are very reliable indicators of performance and progress in the training process. The aim of this study was to assess the body composition and muscle strength and to establish the correlation between these parameters in various sports. Material and Methods. The study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Functional Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad. It included 45 male examiners: 15 handball players, 15 football players, and 15 sprinters. The following parameters were measured: body weight, body height, body mass index, skinfold thickness, and dynamometric parameters of calf extensors and forearm flexors. Results. In comparison to football players and sprinters, handball players presented with statistically significantly higher body mass index (p < 0.05). In terms of skinfold thickness, there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the groups. The values of dynamometric parameters of calf extensors (average value of load of the calf extensors, maximum value of load of the calf extensors, strength of muscle contraction of calf extensors) showed no statistically significant differences between the groups of athletes (p > 0.05). Compared to football and handball players, sprinters had significantly higher values of dynamometric parameters of forearm flexors (average value of load of forearm flexors, maximum value of load of forearm flexors, strength of muscle contraction of forearm flexors). Conclusion. In the group of handball players there was a positive correlation between the percentage of the body fat and muscle power in both examined muscle groups; however, among the football players and sprinters, a correlation was found between the body composition and strength of calf extensors.

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The Relationship between Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Body Composition among Students at a Pre-University Centre in Malaysia

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v19i2.1567 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Author(s):

You HW ◽

Tan PL ◽

Mat Ludin AF

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

University Students ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Study Results ◽

The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity is an essential element in our daily life that leads to long-term health benefits. Physical activity refers to movement of the body that requires energy. Body mass index (BMI) indicates a ratio of body weight to squared height, which is a useful health indicator. On the contrary, body composition describes the body by measuring percentages of fat and muscle in human bodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activities, BMI and body composition among pre-university students from one of the universities in Selangor, Malaysia. Stratified random sampling was employed to recruit 70 pre-university students into this study. RESULTS: From the study, 50% of the respondents are categorized as minimally active. In addition, there is significant difference between the physical activity levels of male and female respondents. The relationship between physical activity and BMI indicates a very weak negative correlation. Similarly, the correlation between physical activity and fat mass is a weak negative relationship. Meanwhile, there is a weak positive correlation between physical activity and muscle mass. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded that when physical activity increases, BMI and body fat mass will decrease, while muscle mass will increase. Moreover, it was shown that there was a significant relationship between physical activity and body composition.

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Assessment and Treatment of Childhood Obesity

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.14.9.337 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 337-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

William H. Dietz ◽

Thomas N. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Body Mass ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

The Body ◽

Successful Therapy ◽

Frame Size ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Two Indices ◽

Triceps Skinfold Thickness

Childhood obesity is among the most difficult problems that confront pediatricians. Its rising prevalence and its increasingly recognized risk of morbidity heightens our concern and increases our frustration when families appear unmotivated or when treatment fails. Because childhood obesity is so difficult to treat and because obesity is viewed widely as a form of social deviancy, we are tempted to blame patients and families for our lack of successful therapy. In this review we consider the identification of childhood obesity, explore its potential etiologies and consequences, and outline an approach to therapy. Identification The identification of childhood obesity and its severity clarifies the degree of risk and represents the first step of therapy. The two indices used most commonly to determine the degree of adiposity in humans are the body mass index (BMI, weight in kg/height in m2) and the triceps skinfold thickness. Each has advantages and limitations. The advantage of the BMI is that height and weight are measured easily and reliably in a variety of settings by personnel who have had minimal training. A BMI in excess of the 85th percentile has been used arbitrarily to define obesity. However, the BMI does not measure fatness directly. Variations in frame size as well as increases in fatness will increase the BMI.

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