Timing of adoption of clean technologies by regulated monopolies

We consider a monopoly firm producing a good and, at the same time, polluting and using fossil energy. By incurring an investment cost, this firm can adopt a lower production cost clean technology using renewable energy. We determine the optimal adoption date for the firm in the case where it is not regulated at all and in the case where it is regulated at each period. Interestingly, the regulated firm adopts the clean technology earlier than what is socially optimal, as opposed to the nonregulated firm. The regulator can induce the firm to adopt the clean technology at the socially optimal date by a postpone adoption subsidy. Nevertheless, the regulator may be interested in the earlier adoption of the firm to encourage the diffusion of the use of clean technologies in other industries.

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Dynamic dependence nexus and causality of the renewable energy stock markets on the fossil energy markets

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2021.121191 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 121191

Author(s):

Yonghong Jiang ◽

Jieru Wang ◽

Jiayi Lie ◽

Bin Mo

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Stock Markets ◽

Energy Markets ◽

Fossil Energy

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Fermentative Succinate Production: An Emerging Technology to Replace the Traditional Petrochemical Processes

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/723412 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yujin Cao ◽

Rubing Zhang ◽

Chao Sun ◽

Tao Cheng ◽

Yuhua Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Cost ◽

Production Systems ◽

Strain Improvement ◽

Downstream Processing ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Petrochemical Process ◽

Succinate Production ◽

Fossil Energy ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

The Past

Succinate is a valuable platform chemical for multiple applications. Confronted with the exhaustion of fossil energy resources, fermentative succinate production from renewable biomass to replace the traditional petrochemical process is receiving an increasing amount of attention. During the past few years, the succinate-producing process using microbial fermentation has been made commercially available by the joint efforts of researchers in different fields. In this review, recent attempts and experiences devoted to reduce the production cost of biobased succinate are summarized, including strain improvement, fermentation engineering, and downstream processing. The key limitations and challenges faced in current microbial production systems are also proposed.

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PEMILIHAN PROSES PENGADAAN BAHAN BAKU JAHE MERAH KERING DALAM MEMPRODUKSI BANDREK INSTAN DALAM KEMASAN; THE USE OF DRIED RED GINGER AS RAW MATERIAL IN PRODUCINGINSTANT BANDREK

OPTIMA ◽

10.33366/opt.v2i1.897 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Levina Maharani ◽

Endah Djuwendah

Keyword(s):

Production Cost ◽

International Market ◽

Raw Material ◽

Limited Resources ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

C Value ◽

Equal Income ◽

Red Ginger ◽

Descriptive Method ◽

Lower Production

Bandrek Hanjuang merupakan minuman kemasan khas dari Jawa Barat yang sudah dipasarkan baik di dalam negeri maupun internasional. Perubahan manajemen pada perusahaan ini berdampak pada peningkatan penjualan produk yang dihasilkannya. Disisi lain, keterbatasan lahan yang dimiliki membuat perusahaan belum mampu memastikan ketersediaan bahan baku seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan terhadap bahan baku tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kelayakan usaha produksi bandrek menggunakan dua alternatif pengadaan bahan baku jahe merah yaitu memproduksi sendiri atau membeli dari luar menggunakan analisis R-C Rasio. Penelitian dilakukan di CV. Cihanjuang Inti Teknik dari bulan Maret-September 2015. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu penelitian yang diarahkan untuk memberikan informasi secara sistematis dan akurat mengenai objek penelitian serta menganalisis berdasarkan data yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dengan jumlah pendapatan yang sama, proses produksi dengan alternatif pengadaan jahe merah dengan memproduksi sendiri memiliki nilai R/C yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan membeli dari luar. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses produksi dengan alternatif pengadaan jahe merah dengan memproduksi sendiri memiliki biaya produksi yang lebih rendah sehingga memiliki keuntungan yang lebih besar. Oleh karena itu, proses produksi dengan alternatif pengadaan jahe merah dengan memproduksi sendiri dinilai lebih layak untuk direalisasikan. Kata kunci : bandrek, jahe merah, kelayakan usaha, pengadaan bahan baku, R/C rasio Bandrek Hanjuang is a special instant drink from West Java which has been in the national and international market. However, due to the increase of demand, the company was not be able to provide the dried red ginger as raw material, due to the limited resources. The aim of this research is to analyze the properness of bandrek production using two ways of making; self-producing or buying from other party using analysis ratio R-C. This research was conducted in CV. Cihanjuang Inti Teknik from March to September 2015. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method; that is; a research which is conducted to give systematic information concerning the object of the research and to analyze from the obtained data. The finding of this research showed that with equal income, self-producing of dried red ginger had higher R/C value compared to buying from other party. This illustrates that the self-producing required lower production cost, therefore the company is able to get higher income. In conclusion, self-producing of dried red ginger is likely more preferable to be conducted. Keywords : bandrek, red ginger, properness, raw material making, R/C ratio

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A Comparative Study of Multi-form Steam Generators Using Concentrated Solar Power

Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences ◽

10.37934/arfmts.88.2.157168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 157-168

Author(s):

Ayad T. Mustafa ◽

Mohammed M. Hadi

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Cylindrical Cavity ◽

Steam Generation ◽

Concentrated Solar Power ◽

Steam Generators ◽

Solar Concentrators ◽

Investment Cost ◽

High Investment ◽

Solar Receiver ◽

Fine Adjustment

Solar energy reaching Earth can be used as promising renewable energy to overcome the challenges of steam generation processes. Solar concentrators suffer from fine adjustment of solar radiation concentration and high investment cost. Therefore, multi-configuration receivers named the cylindrical cavity receiver, helical receiver, and the absorber-evaporator-tank have been manufactured from the coiled copper tube and brass plates, respectively. Then, they are tested and compared to improve the performance of steam generators. The performance of the absorber-evaporator-tank receiver has been compared with the cylindrical cavity receiver and helical receiver for a period from 10 am to 12 pm. The present investigation shows that the boiling point of water increasing when the pressure of generated steam increases particularly inside the coiled tube, which affects the dryness fraction of the generated steam. The present results show that the efficiency of the absorber-evaporator-tank is greater than the cylindrical cavity and helical receivers for the tested period. It is found that the thermal efficiency for the absorber-evaporator-tank doubles at noon, which indicates an effective solar receiver for generating steam.

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Study on the production and use of biomass energy in the Timis County

ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS ◽

10.25083/rbl/26.2/2434.2440 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 2434-2440

Author(s):

CRISTINA BACĂU ◽

◽

NICOLETA MATEOC-SÎRB ◽

RAMONA CIOLAC ◽

TEODOR MATEOC ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Production ◽

Nuclear Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Fossil Energy ◽

Term Energy

The use of renewable energy resources is gaining more and more ground, thanks to the continuous increase in the price of fossil energy and the decrease in stocks, and the management of waste from nuclear energy production, respectively. The implementation of an energy strategy to harness the potential of renewable energy sources (RES) is part of the coordinates of Romania’s medium – and long-term energy development and provides the appropriate framework for the making of decisions on energy alternatives and the inclusion in the Community acquis in the field. In this respect, a study on the biomass potential of Timiş County and on the possibilities of producing unconventional energy from biomass has been carried out. The study is based on research, data collection from the literature, as well as from official documents or official websites, the processing and interpretation of the data and their quantitative and qualitative analysis. It was concluded that biomass is a promising renewable energy source for Romania, both in terms of potential and in terms of usability.

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TINJAUAN SINGKAT OPTIMALISASI PEMANFAATAN ENERGI SURYA PADA SEKTOR RUMAH TANGGA

Journal Publicuho ◽

10.35817/jpu.v4i2.18436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ligan Budi Pratomo ◽

Nazaruddin Sinaga

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Energy Use ◽

Solar Power ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Fossil Energy ◽

Household Sector ◽

The Government

Energy use always increases, especially fossil energy. Through the National Energy Policy, the government continues to strive to increase the role of new and renewable energy sources so as to reduce dependence on fossil energy. Solar power generation is a type of renewable energy generator that capable to convert solar energy to electric energy. The main components of solar power generatios are batteries, solar panels, charger controllers, and inverters. Solar power generations technology itself is always being developed, such as automatic monitoring and sun tracking systems designed to improve system performance. One of the applications of solar power generations is in the household sector. In this sector consumes 49% of the national electricity energy in 2018. This type of generator is categorized as a roof solar power generations. Based on existing data, there were 1400 roof solar power generations users in September 2019. The development of solar energy utilization for the household sector is very appropriate because it can help achieve renewable energy about 23% in 2025 and 31% in 2050 in the national energy mix.

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Analysis of the Impact of Heating-Thermal Generators Flexibility Expansion on Promoting Renewable Energy Integration Based on Production Cost Simulation

2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2) ◽

10.1109/ei2.2018.8582019 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jin Wang ◽

Lizi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Production Cost ◽

Energy Integration ◽

Renewable Energy Integration ◽

Cost Simulation ◽

The Impact

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Non-Constant Elasticity of Substitution and Intermittent Renewable Energy

Agricultural and Resource Economics Review ◽

10.1017/age.2020.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 321-359

Author(s):

Saketh Aleti ◽

Gal Hochman

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Economic Value ◽

Market Price ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Electricity Sector ◽

Elasticity Of Substitution ◽

Carbon Taxes ◽

Constant Elasticity ◽

Fossil Energy ◽

Constant Elasticity Of Substitution

In this article, we present a model of the electricity sector where generation technologies are intermittent. The economic value of an electricity generation technology is given by integrating its production profile with the market price of electricity. We use estimates of the consumer's intertemporal elasticity of substitution for electricity consumption while parameterizing the model empirically to numerically calculate the elasticity between renewables and fossil energy. We find that there is a non-constant elasticity of substitution between renewable and fossil energy that depends on prices and intermittency. This suggests that the efficacy and welfare effects of carbon taxes and renewable subsidies vary geographically. Subsidizing research into battery technology and tailoring policy for local energy markets can mitigate these distributional side effects while complementing traditional policies used to promote renewable energy.

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A New Solution to Profit Based Unit Commitment Problem Considering PEVs/BEVs and Renewable Energy Sources

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202018401070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 184 ◽

pp. 01070

Author(s):

Ayani Nandi ◽

Vikram Kumar Kamboj

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Production Cost ◽

Unit Commitment ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Unit Commitment Problem ◽

Load Demand ◽

Commitment Problem ◽

The Impact

Daily load demand for industrial, residential and commercial sectors are changing day by day. Also, inclusion of e-mobility has totally effected the operations of realistic power sector. Hence, to meet this time varying load demand with minimum production cost is very challenging. The proposed research work focuses on the mathematical formulation of profit based unit commitment problem of realistic power system considering the impact of battery electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and plug in electric vehicles and its solution using Intensify Harris Hawks Optimizer (IHHO). The coordination of plants with each other is named as Unit commitment of plants in which the most economical patterns of the generating station is taken so as to gain low production cost with higher reliability. But with the increase in industrialization has affected the environment badly so to maintain the balance between the generation and environment a new thinking of generating low cost power with high reliability by causing less harm to environment i.e. less emission of flue gases is adopted by considering renewable energy sources.

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