Photogrammetric analysis of postextraction space closure

Introduction. When planning orthodontic treatment, it is sometimes necessary to apply the extraction of individual teeth, in order to achieve proper occlusion and an acceptable aesthetic appearance. Clinicians give the greatest advantage to elastic chains as a method for post-extraction space closure during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. When closing post-extraction spaces, it is necessary to measure them in order to adjust the treatment plan. One of the most acceptable methods is photogrammetry. The aim of this study was to analyze, using a photogrammetric method, the efficacy of post-extraction space closure with elastic chains during orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Material and Methods. The total sample in study consisted of 38 post-extraction spaces in 19 patients who were indicated for first premolars extraction and use of fixed orthodontic appliances in order to achieve treatment goal. Elastic chains were used to close post-extraction spaces. Post-extraction sites were monitored for 6 months with follow-up examinations every 4 weeks. Mechanisms were activated at controlled examinations, and measurements of the width of post-extraction spaces were performed by photogrammetry and digital caliper. Results. The results showed that average reduction of post-extraction space width was 1.00 mm per month by photogrammetric measurement, while the average values of measurements with a digital caliper were 1.02 mm. The average values were measured in six time intervals and a statistically significant change in average intervals of post-extraction spaces during 6 months was determined. Conclusion. The elastic chain has proven to be a very effective mechanism for closing post-extraction space, and photogrammetry as a simple and precise method for monitoring results of treatment. Since the difference in relation to measurements with a digital caliper is minimal, photogrammetry can be routinely applied in everyday practice.

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Examination of postextraction space closure speed using elastic chains and NiTi closed coil springs

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2478/sdj-2018-0017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 179-186

Author(s):

Mirjana Umićević Davidović ◽

Marijana Arapović Savić ◽

Adriana Arbutina

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Total Sample ◽

Dental Arch ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Best Value ◽

Space Closure ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Difference ◽

Digital Caliper

Summary Introduction In everyday clinical practice, we often encounter a lack of space for placing all the teeth present into dental arch; therefore it is often recommended to extract teeth within orthodontic treatment. In clinical practice, the most commonly used methods of closing space after are elastic chains and NiTi closed spiral springs. The aim of this paper was to compare postextraction space closure speed using two different sliding mechanisms, NiTi closed coil springs and elastic chains within treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Material and Method The total sample in this study consisted of 46 postexstraction spaces in 23 patients indicated for the extraction of first premolars using treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Two sliding mechanisms, NiTi closed coil spring and elastic chains were applied to postextraction space closure. Postextraction spaces were monitored for 4 months with appointments every 4 weeks. During appointments mechanisms were activated and digital caliper was used to measure the width of the postextraction space. Results The results showed that NiTi closed coil springs method achieved greater reduction in postexstraction space (3.94 mm) while with elastic chain method the closure of 3.10 mm was achieved. The total difference between these two methods in the observed period was 0.84mm and no statistically significant difference was found (p> 0.05). The lowest value for NiTi closed springs was 2.19 mm, while for the elastic chain it was 1.29 mm. The best postextraction space closure was 5.70 mm and it was completed using NiTi closed springs while for elastic chain the best value was 4.80 mm. Conclusion: NiTi closed coil springs lead to faster closure of postextraction spaces in relation to elastic chain. Since this difference is minimal, in practice, both methods can be used equally.

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Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on nonmicrobial salivary parameters

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/111317-773.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 806-811 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ioannis P. Zogakis ◽

Erez Koren ◽

Shlomit Gorelik ◽

Isaac Ginsburg ◽

Miriam Shalish

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Salivary Ph ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

The Difference ◽

Ph Decrease

ABSTRACT Objectives: To examine possible changes in the levels of salivary antioxidants, C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, pH, proteins, and blood in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Salivary samples from 21 orthodontic patients who met specific inclusion criteria were collected before the beginning of orthodontic treatment (T0; baseline), 1 hour after bonding (T1), and 4–6 weeks after bonding (T2). Oxidant-scavenging ability (OSA) was quantified using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Cortisol and CRP levels were measured using immunoassay kits. pH levels and presence of proteins and blood in the samples were quantified using strip-based tests. Results: A significant decrease in salivary pH was observed after bonding (P = .013). An increase in oxidant-scavenging abilities during orthodontic treatment was detected, but the change was not statistically significant. Cortisol and CRP levels slightly increased after bonding, but the difference was small without statistical significance. Changes in the presence of proteins and blood were also insignificant. Conclusions: Exposure to fixed orthodontic appliances did not show a significant effect on salivary parameters related to inflammation or stress, with the exception of a significant but transient pH decrease after bonding.

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Evaluation of a prevention programme efficiency for patients with fixed orthodontic appliances

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp1103214m ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 214-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sava Matic ◽

Mirjana Ivanovic ◽

Predrag Nikolic

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

The Difference ◽

School Of Dentistry ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Experimental Group

Background/Aim. Orthodontic treatment enables the establishment of functional occlusion and improvement of oral health, however, it increases the risk of periodontal disease development. The aim of this paper was to examine the efficiency of the applied programme for the prevention of gingivitis in children undergoing the fixed orthodontic appliance therapy and to determine the most efficient devices and techniques for maintaining oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. Methods. The study included 80 patients of both genders - 60 patients comprised the experimental group and 20 patients comprised the control group. All of them were patients of the Clinic for Orthodontics at the School of Dentistry in Belgrade, aged between 13 and 18. The Silness-L?e Plaque Index (PI) was utilised for the assessment of oral hygiene quality and Silness-L?e Gingival Index (GI) and M?hlemann Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI) were utilised for the assessment of gingival state. Checkups were conducted as a single-blind study at the beginning and after the first, the third and the sixth month of the preventive and prophylactic programme. Results. During the observed period, a statistically significant change in PI, GI and PBI values was noticed (p < 0.005), as well as the difference in the dynamics of value changes during the periods between the observed groups. Conclusion. The preventive programme, applied to children undergoing the fixed orthodontic appliance therapy, had a positive effect both on oral hygiene quality and gingival state. The values of the examined parameters of the patients from the experimental group were significantly lower in comparison with those of the patients from the control group. The most efficient combination of devices for oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment was: a Curaprox CP5460 toothbrush, CD Ortho 60 orthodontic toothbrush and Curaprox CPS 14 interdental brush.

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Variation of Static Frictional Forces in the Fixed Orthodontic System

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.70.19.11.7679 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (11) ◽

pp. 3954-3956

Author(s):

Anca Oana Dragomirescu ◽

Elina Teodorescu ◽

Viorica Tarmure ◽

Andreea Baluta ◽

Mariana Pacurar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frictional Force ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Aesthetic Appearance ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Different Types ◽

Frictional Forces ◽

Epoxy Resin Coating ◽

The Aesthetic

Currently, the aesthetic appearance of fixed orthodontic appliances is an important factor for patients seeking orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate static frictional forces generated by different types of round 0.016 NiTi archwires, with and without aesthetic coating, when coupled with monocrystalline alumina brackets. The static frictional force was determined using a testing machine for measuring compression and tension forces. The results showed a variation of static frictional forces depending on the type of archwire used. Uncoated archwires have produced the lowest static frictional forces. Partially aesthetic coated archwires have generated lower static frictional forces than fully aesthetic coated ones. Fully aesthetic coated archwires have produced the highest static frictional forces, but no significant differences were noted between archwires with polymer and epoxy resin coating.

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Space Closure Rate in Mandibular Canine Retraction by Ni-Ti Closed Coil Spring: A Clinical Trial

Medicine Today ◽

10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 90-93

Author(s):

Md Kamrul Hasan ◽

Gazi Shamim Hassan ◽

Samira Rahman ◽

Md Sher Ali ◽

Md Azizur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Nickel Titanium ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Coil Spring ◽

Canine Retraction ◽

Space Closure ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Mandibular Canine

Introduction: In Majority of patients seeking orthodontic treatment, teeth must be extracted in order to obtain proper esthetics, occlusion, and stability as well as extraction of teeth is often a need to close residual space, after the initial decrowding and aligning. Pre adjusted fixed orthodontic appliances commonly utilize sliding mechanics for space closure with different types of force delivery systems. A variety of materials have been used as force delivery systems to close spaces between teeth as in the case of canine retraction after the extraction of premolars. Among all sliding or frictionless methods of canine retraction, super-elastic nickel titanium coil spring has a particular property in producing light continuous force at a long range of action, compared with previously available materials. Nickel-titanium closed coil spring, with a continuous action, might have some advantages in fixed appliance space closure mechanics. Materials and Methods: Over the period of one year from May 2015 to April 2016, this clinical trial was carried out and A total number of 20 patients (40 quadrants), who required canine retraction into first premolar extraction sites as part of their orthodontic treatment in the Department of Orthodontics of BSMMU selected as study population. The quadrants were affixed by nickel titanium closed coil springs (medium force, Ni-Ti extension spring, Ormco) with 200gm force measured by Correx Tension Gauge. Space closure was measured by means of direct measurement from the mesial surface of mesial wing of the 2nd premolar bracket and the distal surface of distal wing of the canine bracket with digital Vernier Calipers. Results: Mean space closer rate in mandibular canine retraction was 1.07 ± 0.12 mm/month by nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) closed coil spring method with p value<0.001. Conclusion: This study revealed that space closer rate in mandibular canine retraction by nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) closed coil spring is 1.07 ± 0.12 mm/month. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 90-93

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Variation of Static Frictional Forces in the Fixed Orthodontic System

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.11.7679 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (11) ◽

pp. 3954-3956

Author(s):

Anca Oana Dragomirescu ◽

Elina Teodorescu ◽

Viorica Tarmure ◽

Andreea Baluta ◽

Mariana Pacurar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frictional Force ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Aesthetic Appearance ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Different Types ◽

Frictional Forces ◽

Epoxy Resin Coating ◽

The Aesthetic

Currently, the aesthetic appearance of fixed orthodontic appliances is an important factor for patients seeking orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate static frictional forces generated by different types of round 0.016` NiTi archwires, with and without aesthetic coating, when coupled with monocrystalline alumina brackets. The static frictional force was determined using a testing machine for measuring compression and tension forces. The results showed a variation of static frictional forces depending on the type of archwire used. Uncoated archwires have produced the lowest static frictional forces. Partially aesthetic coated archwires have generated lower static frictional forces than fully aesthetic coated ones. Fully aesthetic coated archwires have produced the highest static frictional forces, but no significant differences were noted between archwires with polymer and epoxy resin coating.

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A clinical comparison of three aligning archwires in terms of alignment efficiency: A prospective clinical trial

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/041414-274.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 434-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Reem Sh. Abdelrahman ◽

Kazem S. Al-Nimri ◽

Emad F. Al Maaitah

Keyword(s):

Nonparametric Test ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Initial Alignment ◽

Chi Square ◽

Fixed Appliance ◽

Irregularity Index ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Wilks Lambda ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACT Objectives: To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of three orthodontic aligning archwires in relation to tooth alignment speed during the initial alignment stage of treatment. Materials and Methods: A consecutive sample of 74 patients requiring lower only or upper and lower fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly allocated into three different archwires (0.014-inch superelastic nickel-titanium [NiTi], 0.014-inch thermoelastic NiTi, or 0.014-inch conventional NiTi). Good quality impressions were taken of the lower arch before archwire placement (T0) and at designated serial stages of alignment (every 2 weeks: T2, T4, T6, …, T16). The change in tooth alignment was measured in millimeters from the resultant casts using Little's irregularity index. Demographic and clinical differences among the three groups were compared with the chi-square or analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The difference in the change of lower anterior tooth alignment over time among the three groups was explored with a Split Plot ANOVA (SPANOVA, or within- and between-groups ANOVA). The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used when data were not normally distributed. Results: The SPANOVA and Wilks Lambda Multivariate test confirmed that the wire type had no influence on the rate of change in alignment (P = .98). Conclusion: The three forms of NiTi wires were similar in terms of their alignment efficiency during the initial aligning stage of orthodontic fixed appliance therapy.

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Salivary Sodium and Potassium Concentrations in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Iranian Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.5812/ijo.116064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mahsa Esfehani ◽

Bahareh Mohammad Zahraiee ◽

Sepideh Arab ◽

Fatemeh Hajmanoochehri ◽

Mohammadtaghi Vatandoust

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Potassium Ions ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Sodium And Potassium ◽

Control Study

Objectives: This study was aimed to assess salivary sodium and potassium concentrations in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: In this case-control study, saliva samples (5 cc) were collected from 13 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances before, and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the beginning of the orthodontic treatment using the spitting method. Saliva samples were also collected from 10 healthy individuals as controls. The saliva samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and the salivary sodium and potassium concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests. P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The salivary sodium and potassium concentrations were almost the same in both groups at baseline (P > 0.05). A significant reduction in sodium and an increase in potassium levels were noted in the case group at 1 week compared with baseline (P < 0.001). At 1 week, the potassium concentration was significantly higher and the sodium concentration was significantly lower in the case group (P < 0.01). The salivary sodium significantly increased while the salivary potassium significantly decreased at 1 month compared with 1 week (P < 0.001). The differences with the control group were also significant (P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted between the two groups at 3 months (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Time has a significant effect on the release profile of sodium and potassium ions from orthodontic appliances. The salivary sodium and potassium concentrations returned to their normal pretreatment values within 3 months after the start of fixed orthodontic treatment.

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Relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health: A retrospective study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.137651 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (03) ◽

pp. 373-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Fatma Boke ◽

Cagri Gazioglu ◽

Sevil Akkaya ◽

Murat Akkaya

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Gingival Health ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health. Materials and Methods: A total of 251 patients among whom 177 were girls and 74 were boys, recruited from the records pool of the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, were included in the study. Patients’ treatments have been completed by postgraduate students during the period between 2006 and 2012. Patients’ folders were analyzed according to their age, treatment time, and the type of orthodontic treatment. Intra-oral photographs were analyzed, and the presence or absence of visible plaque, visible inflammation, and gingival recession were recorded, and incisor inclinations analyzed on lateral cephalometric films, before and after orthodontic treatment. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in patients treated with functional appliances before and after treatment. In patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, visible plaque, visible inflammation, and gingival recession showed significant increases after treatment, gingival biotype did not show any significant difference. Positive correlation was found between lower incisor position and gingival recession in patients treated with fixed appliance and extraction. And also cuspids were the teeth with the highest prevalence of gingival recession. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health, cooperation among patients, orthodontists, and periodontists is important.

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Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment on Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj7010021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Imani ◽

Hamid Mozaffari ◽

Mazaher Ramezani ◽

Masoud Sadeghi

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Nickel and chromium ions released from fixed orthodontic appliances may act as allergens. This study aimed to systematically review the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on salivary levels of these ions by doing a meta-analysis on cross-sectional and cohort studies. The Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases were searched for articles on salivary profile of nickel or chromium in patients under fixed orthodontic treatment published from January 1983 to October 2017. A random-effect meta-analysis was done using Review Manager 5.3 to calculate mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the quality of questionnaire was evaluated by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Fourteen studies were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis. Salivary nickel level was higher in periods of 10 min or less (MD = −11.5 µg/L, 95% CI = −16.92 to −6.07; P < 0.0001) and one day (MD = −1.38 µg/L, 95% CI = −1.97 to −0.80; P < 0.00001) after initiation of treatment compared to baseline (before the insertion of appliance). Salivary chromium level was higher in periods of one day (MD = −6.25 µg/L, 95% CI = −12.00 to −0.49; P = 0.03) and one week (MD = −2.07 µg/L, 95% CI = −3.88 to −0.26; P = 0.03) after the initiation of treatment compared to baseline. Corrosion of fixed orthodontic appliances leads to elevated salivary nickel and chromium concentrations early after initiation of orthodontic treatment. Randomized clinical trials controlling for factors affecting the saliva composition are recommended on a higher number of patients and among different ethnicities.

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