scholarly journals Lipid and glycogen contents in liver of high-yield dairy cows in peripartal period

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Radojica Djokovic ◽  
Horea Samanc
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Advanced Stages

Liver tissue samples were taken by biopsy from Holstein cows in advanced stages of gravidity and in early lactation for pathological-histological examinations. Lipid content in hepatocytes was determined using the stereometric method by calculating volume density, and of glycogen using semi-quantitative microscopic examination of sections stained according to the method of Best. Pathological-histological examinations of liver tissue samples in healthy animals, gravid or peripartal cows did not reveal lipid infiltration or cell degeneration, and hepatocytes were completely or partly filled with glycogen. In ketotic cows, pathological-histological examinations of liver tissue samples showed lipid infiltration and hepatocyte degeneration of different intensity. In only one ketotic cow, we determined a slight degree of lipid infiltration, there was a medium degree of lipid infiltration and degeneration in six cows, and three cows were found to have a grave form of fatty liver. The quantity of glycogen in hepatocytes is in negative correlation with the degree of lipid infiltration and degeneration. In severe cases of fatty liver, glycogen is completely absent from hepatocyte cytoplasm.

A 2-Year compapison of in-parlour and out-of-parlour concentrate feeding on the production and health of dairy cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
R. J. Treacher ◽  
W. Little ◽  
I. M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Dairy cows mobilise fat during early lactation to meet the energy deficit produced by increasing milk yield and reduced appetite. This can result in the deposition of fat in liver, kidney, muscle and other tissues. This “fatty liver syndrome” is associated with reduced fertility and an increased susceptibility to metabolic and infectious disease. Attempts to prevent the development of fatty liver are aimed at reducing fat mobilisation by: 1) calving cows in lean condition, thus increasing appetite and 2) by encouraging high feed intakes immediately after calving by the provision of feed of high energy density on a little and often basis. A useful system in this context might be out-of-parlour concentrate dispensers

scholarly journals Determination of NABE in urine of high-yield dairy cows in early lactation in conditions of moderate heat stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Natalija Fratric ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
Horea Samanc ◽  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Dragan Gvozdic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Daily Milk Production

The work presents the results of investigations of the effect of moderate heat stress on the acidobasal status in high-yield dairy cows in early lactation. Improving performance in high-yield dairy cows increases their inclination toward metabolic disorders. The most likely to be affected is the acid-base balance, in particular when cows are exposed to heat stress. Investigations so far have shown that the taking of urine samples and their analysis is the best and fastest way to diagnose disorders in the acid-base balance. Investigations were carried out on 7 clinically healthy cows of the Holstein- Friesian breed in the phase of early lactation, 30 to 40 days (on days 30, 33 and 40 ) following calving during the summer period, during the month of July, when there were significant variations in daily and nightly temperatures. The cows were in the second and fourth lactation, the annual milk yield was 8000 L milk per cow. The average daily milk production in the early phase of lactation ranged from 35 to 40 L. The cows were fed mixed rations (TMR) twice daily. Lucerne hay in limited quantities was given to the cows prior to the mixed feed ration. The ration for this animal category was optimized on the grounds of the daily milk production. The balance of cations and anions in the feed ration stood at 95 mEq/kg DM. The results clearly demonstrate the cows' response to moderate heat stress through the defense parameters in urine (urine pH, NABE (net-acid-base-excretion), acids, bases, ammonium ion (NH4). The determination of the kidney NABE yields more correct data than the urine pH on acidotic conditions. The results of examinations of the urine pH do not show any digressions from physiological values and are approximately the same in all cows during the investigated periods. Normal NABE values are from 100-200 mmol/L. Burdening with acid products results in a NABE range from 0-100mmol/L, and metabolic acidosis results in NAB<0 mmol/L. NABE in the cows in this experiment revealed that the organism is burdened by acid metabolic products and it stood at 58.28?27.96 mmol/L on day 30, 69.28?29.89 mmol/L on day 33, and 60.60?26.88mmol/L on day 40. Consequently, it seems that NABE values are decreased in cases of acidosis due to stepped up H+ excretion and stepped up bicarbonate reabsorption.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormones Concentrations during the Mid-Dry Period: An Early Indicator of Fatty Liver in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horea Šamanc ◽  
Velibor Stojić ◽  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Milijan Jovanović ◽  
Horia Cernescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Early Indicator ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Severe Fatty Liver ◽  
Thyroid Gland Activity

Relationship between postpartal fatty liver and thyroid gland activity during the peripartal and mid dry periods was studied. Twenty one dry cows were chosen. Blood samples were obtained on days −30, −2, and +12 related to calving and analized for thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). AT3/T4ratio was calculated. Liver tissue samples were taken 12 d after calving and tested for the lipid content. Cows were divided into three groups: mild (<20% fat), moderate (20 to 30%), or severe fatty liver (>30%). Cows, that were affected with severe fatty liver, were hypothyroid prior to development of the condition due to lowerT4concentrations, and had significantly lower concentration ofT3and higherT3/T4ratios than cows with mild and moderate fatty liver. Thus, hypothyroid state during mid-dry period may be an early indicator of postpartal fatty liver and may provokeT3/T4ratio increase in this group of cows.

scholarly journals Metabolic evaluation of dairy cows submitted to three different strategies to decrease the effects of negative energy balance in early postpartum

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra M.B García ◽  
Felipe C Cardoso ◽  
Rómulo Campos ◽  
Diego X Thedy ◽  
Félix H.D González
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis

In early lactation dairy cattle suffer metabolic alterations caused by negative energy balance, which predisposes to fatty liver and ketosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic condition of high yielding dairy cows subjected to three treatments for preventing severe lipomobilization and ketosis in early lactation. Fifty four multiparous Holstein cows yielding >30 L/day were divided into four groups: control (CN= no treatment), glucose precursor (PG= propylene-glycol), hepatic protector (Mp= Mercepton®), and energy supplement with salts of linolenic and linoleic faty acids (Mg-E= Megalac-E®). Treatments were administrated randomly at moment of calving until 8 weeks postpartum. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 postpartum. Body condition score (BCS) was evaluated at the same periods and milk yield was recorded at 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of lactation. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin, AST, ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), cholesterol, glucose, total protein, urea and triglycerides were analyzed in blood samples. Cut-off points for subclinical ketosis were defined when BHBA >1.4 mmol/L and NEFA >0.7 mmol/L. General occurrence of subclinical ketosis was 24% during the period. An ascendant curve of cholesterol and glucose was observed from the 1st to the 8th week of lactation, while any tendency was observed with BHBA and NEFA, although differences among treatments were detected (p<0.05). BCS decreased from a mean of 3.85 at 1st week to 2.53 at 8th week of lactation (p=0.001). Milk yield was higher in the Mg-E group compared with the other treatment groups (p<0.05) Compared with the CN group, the treatments with Mp and PG did not show significant differences in blood biochemistry and milk yield. Cows receiving PG and Mg-E showed higher values of BHBA and NEFA (P<0.05), indicating accentuated lipomobilization. Supplementation with Mg-E also resulted in significant higher concentrations of cholesterol, BHBA, urea, AST and lower values of glycemia. This performance may be explained by the highest milk yield observed with this treatment. Treatments with PG and Mp did not improve milk yield, compared with control cows, but did not show metabolic evidence of ketosis, fat mobilization or fatty liver. These results suggest that treatment with Mg-E improves milk production but induces a higher negative energy balance leading to moderated lipomobilization and ketone bodies production, increasing the risk of fatty liver.

scholarly journals Estimation Metabolic Status in High Yielding Dairy Cows During Transition Period and Full Lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojica Djokovic ◽  
Marko Cincovic ◽  
Zoran Ilic ◽  
Vladimir Kurcubic ◽  
Biljana Andjelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Blood Concentrations

Background: Major changes in the metabolic functions in high-yielding dairy cows occur during the transitional period and during lactation. Parturition and lactogenesis are accompanied by many physiological changes that facilitate the maintenance of homeostasis Consequently, physiological situations leading to a negative energy balance are coupled to an increased uncontrolled rate of body fat mobilisation and the increased fatty acids accumulation in hepatocytes and blood ketone bodies, resulting in disturbances of the morphological and physiological liver integrity. The objective of the present study was to estimate metabolic status in late pregnant, early lactation and full lactation Holstein dairy cows on the basis changes of blood concentrations of selected biochemical markers.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment included 36 Holstein cows. Three groups of clinically healthy cows were chosen from the herd. Group 1 consisted of late pregnant cows (n = 12) from 30 to 1 day (20 ± 15) to partus; Group 2 comprised early lactation cows (n = 12) in the first month of lactation (15 ± 12 days), and Group 3 included full lactation cows (n = 12) between 60 to 90 days of lactation (81 ± 30 days). Blood samples were collected from all cows, by  punction of the jugular vein. Biochemical testing for markers in the blood serum showed significantly lower values (P < 0.05) of glucose, TG, Tchol. and urea in early cows than in full lactation and late-pregnant cows. The blood concentration of NEFA and BHB  was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the group of cows in early lactation compared to the other groups of cows. The mean tBIL. concentration and the serum AST, GGT and ALT  activities were markedly increased (P < 0.01) in the lactation cows compared to the late pregnant cows. Furthermore, the intensity of lipomobilisation (NEFA or BHB concentrations) correlated positively (P < 0.05) with the markers of cell damage or liver function impairment (tBIL., serum AST, ALT and GGT activities), but negatively (P < 0.05) with the circulating concentrations of compounds synthesised in liver (glucose, TG and urea).Discussion: In dairy cows, it was observed that up to 50 % of females exhibited some lipid accumulation in liver in the first 3 weeks after calving and that fatty liver occurs primarily in this period.  Liver can be categorized into mild, moderate and severe fatty liver as dependent on the degree of pathology and a mild fatty infiltration of liver in dairy cows during lactation is considered to be almost physiological. The blood BHB and NEFA concentrations are markers of lipomobilisation and positively associated with the ketosis and liver steatosis intensity. The simultaneous and parallel variations observed between the extent of the fat infiltration in liver and the serum BHB and NEFA concentrations in puerperal cows clearly indicated that the intense lipomobilisation in the post-partum period has induced lipid overloading and ketogenesis in the liver. On the other hand, it was observed significant decreases in the serum biochemical markers, at least partially synthesised in the liver, such as glucose, TG, Tchol., urea, albumin and TP during the postpartum period. However, the liver steatosis has induced some cellular lesions as evidenced by significant increases in the serum tBIL. concentrations and in the AST, ALT, GGT and LDH enzyme activities in puerperal cows. All these biochemical metabolites may be used as important biochemical markers in the determination of the metabolic status in high-yielding dairy cows during the transition period and during lactation.

scholarly journals Serum and Liver Tissue Metabonomic Study on Fatty Liver in Rats Induced by High-Fat Diet and Intervention Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qushi Huayu Decoction

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-jun Gou ◽  
Qin Feng ◽  
Lin-lin Fan ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
Yi-yang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Biochemical Alterations

Qushi Huayu Decoction (QSHY), clinically derived, consists of five crude drugs, commonly used in treating fatty liver in a clinical setting. However, little is known about its metabolomics study. Herein, the serum and liver tissue metabolomics approach, based on gas chromatography coupled to spectrometry (GC/MS), was employed to evaluate the efficacy and the mechanism underlying QSHY in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced fatty liver. With pattern recognition analysis of serum and liver tissue metabolite profile, a clear separation of model group and control group was acquired for serum and liver tissue samples, respectively. The QSHY group showed a predisposition towards recovery mimicking the control group, which was in agreement with the biochemical alterations and histological results. 23 candidate biomarkers were identified in the serum and liver tissue samples that were utilized for exploring the underlying mechanism. The present study suggests that QSHY has significant anti-fatty liver effects on high-fat diet-induced fatty liver in rats, which might be attributed to regulating the dysfunction of beta-alanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and citrate cycle. Thus, metabolomics is a useful tool in the evaluation of the efficacy and elucidation of the mechanism underlying the complex traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.

Differences in rumen fermentation characteristics between low-yield and high-yield dairy cows in early lactation

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 974-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sofyan ◽  
Makoto Mitsumori ◽  
Hideyuki Ohmori ◽  
Yutaka Uyeno ◽  
Toshiya Hasunuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Lactation

scholarly journals Haematological findings in dairy cows with concurrent left abomasal displacement and hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver)

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
E KALAITZAKIS ◽  
N PANOUSIS ◽  
N GIADINIS ◽  
N ROUBIES ◽  
E KALDRYMIDOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Hepatic Lipidosis ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Haematological Analysis ◽  
Abomasal Displacement

The main aim of the present field study was to evaluate various haematological parameters in cows with left abomasal displacement (LDA) and concurrent hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver) of different severity. A further objective was to compare these haematological values among animals with concurrent LDA and fatty liver that finally died or recovered. Sixty eight Holstein dairy cows with LDA and 110 control cows were included in the study. Blood and liver biopsy samples were obtained during standing LDA surgery. Liver tissue was examined histologically and classified according to the severity of fatty liver. Haematological analysis and biochemical determination of total lipids and triglycerides concentration of liver tissue were performed. The majority of the haematological parameters evaluated were within normal range. Haematocrit and haemoglobin median values were significantly lower in all LDA cows compared to controls, but no difference was recorded among fatty liver severity groups. Haematological parameters showed no significant difference in animals that finally died compared to the ones that recovered. Haematological parameters were not significantly influenced by the concurrence of LDA and fatty liver in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Short communication: Enhanced autophagy activity in liver tissue of dairy cows with mild fatty liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 3628-3635
Author(s):  
Meng Chen ◽  
Juan J. Loor ◽  
Qian Zhai ◽  
Yusheng Liang ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Autophagy Activity
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document