scholarly journals Thyroid Hormones Concentrations during the Mid-Dry Period: An Early Indicator of Fatty Liver in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horea Šamanc ◽  
Velibor Stojić ◽  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Milijan Jovanović ◽  
Horia Cernescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Early Indicator ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Severe Fatty Liver ◽  
Thyroid Gland Activity

Relationship between postpartal fatty liver and thyroid gland activity during the peripartal and mid dry periods was studied. Twenty one dry cows were chosen. Blood samples were obtained on days −30, −2, and +12 related to calving and analized for thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). AT3/T4ratio was calculated. Liver tissue samples were taken 12 d after calving and tested for the lipid content. Cows were divided into three groups: mild (<20% fat), moderate (20 to 30%), or severe fatty liver (>30%). Cows, that were affected with severe fatty liver, were hypothyroid prior to development of the condition due to lowerT4concentrations, and had significantly lower concentration ofT3and higherT3/T4ratios than cows with mild and moderate fatty liver. Thus, hypothyroid state during mid-dry period may be an early indicator of postpartal fatty liver and may provokeT3/T4ratio increase in this group of cows.

scholarly journals The effects of different anticoagulants on biochemical parameters in blood of dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Branislava Belic ◽  
Marko Cincovic ◽  
Maja Dosenovic ◽  
Dragica Stojanovic ◽  
Zorana Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Routine analysis of blood parameters requires high precision. Therefore a significant number of methods and recommendations has been developed to ensure the obtaining of precise results. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the type of anticoagulant affects the values of biochemical parameters in the blood of dairy cows in relation to the values obtained from the serum. The study was carried out on 20 healthy cows of Holstein- Friesian breed in the second month of lactation. The blood was taken by venipuncture from v.coccigea. There were used five types of vacutainers as follows: for the serum separation, with heparin, EDTA, citrate, and fluoride. Samples from each cow were taken in all five types of vacutainers respectively. There was determined the concentration of: albumin, total protein, glucose, Ca, P, BHB, NEFA, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, AST, AP, GGT and bilirubin. The results of the analysis of samples that contained anticoagulants were compared statistically with analysis in serum that was considered to be the control one. It was also calculated the percentage of deviation in average values of concentration of metabolites obtained from samples with different anticoagulants in regard to the serum value. The results of the investigation show that anticoagulants influence the values of biochemical parameters in the blood of cows. In the samples where heparin was used as anticoagulant there was found higher albumin level (deviation 4.1%) as well as total protein (1.4%), but lower value of alkaline phosphatase activity relative to the serum (-33%). In the samples in which EDTA was used there were significantly lower levels of total protein (-5.8%), Ca (-49.6%), P (-17.7%), AP (-32%) and higher value AST (10.6%) compared to serum. In the samples where citrate or fluoride were used as anticoagulants there were found lower values of total protein, albumin, glucose (only citrate), Ca, P, BHB, NEFA, urea (only citrate), cholesterol, AP and GGT (only fluoride) and lower bilirubin when using citrate or higher when using fluoride, in comparison to the serum. Deviations of biochemical parameters measured from blood samples that were in citrate or fluoride were as follows: total protein (-5.3%, -5.2%), albumin (-7%, -5.7%), glucose (only citrate -6.2%), Ca (-55%, -82%), P (-29%, -24%), BHB (-53%, -80%), NEFA (-62.1%, -79 , 4%), urea (only citrate, -25.5%), cholesterol (-28.6%, -28.4%), AP (-38%, -32%), and GGT (only -17 fluoride, 8%) and higher bilirubin (-22.8%, 64.4%). For routine clinical biochemical analysis of blood of cows it is the most reliable to use the samples with heparin as an anticoagulant, because the use of other anticoagulants gives large variations in the values of biochemical parameters in relation to serum.

scholarly journals Venous and arterial ammonia in dairy cows with fatty liver and hepatic failure

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mudron ◽  
J. Rehage ◽  
M. Holtershinken ◽  
H. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Plasma Ammonia ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Venous Plasma

In the present study we aimed to compare the arterial and venous plasma ammonia in dairy cows with fatty liver and hepatic failure. 75 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were used in the investigation. Clinical examinations revealed liver failure in 14 cows (group LF). Diagnosis of hepatic failure was based on the clinical signs of hepatic encephalopathy, including anorexia, depressed consciousness, ataxia, somnolence, and coma, and on venous plasma ammonia &gt;35 &micro;mol/l. The other cows were divided according to their liver triglyceride content (wet tissue) into the following groups: low triglycerides (LT) &lt; 30 mg/g (n = 24), medium triglycerides (MT) 30&ndash;100 mg/g (n =&nbsp;31), and high triglycerides (HT) &gt;100 mg/g (n = 6). Both arterial and venous plasma ammonia levels were highest in cows with hepatic failure (93.0 &plusmn; 44.9 and 70.4 &plusmn; 34.1 &micro;mol/l, respectively). We observed that arterial ammonia was significantly higher than venous ammonia (p &lt; 0.01) only in the dairy cows suffering from liver failure, implying a higher informative value of arterial ammonia in detection of liver function damage in cattle demonstrating signs of hepatic encephalopathy.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KERATIN LAYER OF DUCTUS PAPILLARIS AND ZINC BLOOD SERUM CONCENTRATION IN DAIRY COWS

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Ivana Davidov ◽  
Miodrag Radinović ◽  
Mihajlo Erdeljan ◽  
Zorana Kovačević ◽  
Dragica Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Teat Canal ◽  
Keratin Layer ◽  
Friesian Cows

The experiment was carried out on a mini farm of Holstein-Friesian cows with 30 animals, aged between 3 and 5 years and the zinc level in serum was measured. The analyses of the blood samples indicated a variation in the concentration of zinc in serum. In 11 out of 15 tested cows (73.33%) the zinc values in serum were below the physiological values for high-milking cows. In the experimental group different thickness of the keratin layer was detected in the teat canal. The statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between the concentration of zinc in cow serum and the thickness of teat canal keratin layer. This indicates that the cows with low values of zinc have thin keratin layer of the teat canal.

Effect of undegradable protein given for six weeks before calving on the performance of dairy cows in the subsequent lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 85-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

Previous studies (Moorby et al, 1994) have shown increased yields of protein and lactose in the subsequent lactation as a consequence of feeding additional undegradable dietary protein (UDP) and restricting energy intake during the dry period. This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of supplementary UDP in the dry period diet of Holstein-Friesian cows given unrestricted access to grass silage and 1.5 kg of barley per day.Sixty-one cows received diets based on ad libitum access to grass silage with either (a) 1.5 kg barley / day or (b) 1.0 kg barley and 0.5 kg Maize Gluten Meal / day. After calving, cows had ad libitum access to grass silage (Metabolisable Energy (ME)=11.3 MJ/kg DM; crude protein (CP)=181 g/kg DM) and received 5 kg/day of concentrates (ME=13.0 MJ/kg DM; CP=250g/kg DM).

Fatty liver in dairy cows post partum is associated with decreased concentration of plasma triacylglycerols and decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipocytes

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Marc Van den Top ◽  
Arie Van Tol ◽  
Hans Jansen ◽  
Math JH Geelen ◽  
Anton C Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Plasma Lcat ◽  
Ad Libitum

Cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations in serum lipoproteins, plasma activities of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue biopsies were measured ante and post partum in dairy cows given either free or restricted access to feed during the dry period. After parturition, all cows were fed ad libitum. The purpose of this study was to try to understand the earlier observed marked drop post partum in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) in terms of lipoprotein metabolism in cows developing fatty liver post partum. As would be expected, free access to feed during the dry period induced a rise of hepatic TAG concentrations post partum associated with a decrease in plasma TAG levels. Total and free cholesterol concentrations in the VLDL, IDL, LDL and HDL2 fractions fell immediately after parturition. VLDL and IDL cholesterol concentrations remained at a constant, low level during the entire sampling period post partum, whereas the drop in LDL and HDL2 cholesterol post partum was followed by a rebound rise. Plasma LCAT and PLTP activities decreased by on average 19% and 33%, respectively, after parturition and then rose to values seen before parturition, but there was no effect of feeding regimen during the dry period. Activities of LCAT and PLTP were significantly correlated with cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations in LDL and HDL2. Plasma LCAT activity, as measured with exogenous substrate, and PLTP activity were both positively correlated with HDL3 phospholipid levels. LPL activity in adipose tissue dropped after parturition, the drop being smaller after feeding ad libitum during the dry period. It is concluded that the drop in adipose tissue LPL activity post partum is at variance with the simultaneous fall in plasma TAG. Possibly, the decrease in adipose tissue LPL activity helps to channel fatty acids away from adipose tissue into the udder. The post-partum changes in lipid transfer proteins in the blood are in line with the changes observed in the levels of the lipoproteins.

scholarly journals Neospora caninum: evaluation of vertical transmission in slaughtered dairy cows (Bos taurus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Augusto Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Madlaine Frigo Silveira Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Sergio Tosi Cardim ◽  
Milaine Cristiane Dantas Custódio Paiva ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Blood Samples

Neospora caninum is a worldwide parasite recognized as one of the main parasites responsible for abortion in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate vertical transmission of N. caninum in dairy cows (Bos taurus) that were slaughtered at an abattoir in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Blood samples (with and without EDTA) from 60 pregnant dairy cows and blood and tissue samples (brain, lung, heart and liver) from their fetuses were collected and used for PCR and serological evaluation. Blood samples from 60 non-pregnant cows were collected and used to detect antibodies. Anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected by indirect ELISA. Antibodies against N. caninum were observed in 41.6% (25∕60) of the pregnant cows and in 43.3% (26∕60) of the non-pregnant cows. Antibodies against the parasite were detected in sera from three fetuses (5.5%). PCR analysis revealed that 3.3% (2∕60) of the cows and 6.6% (4∕60) of the fetuses evaluated were positive for specific N. caninum primers. These positive fetuses were between 4-6 months of age. Therefore, considering PCR and serological tests to be indicative of vertical transmission in fetuses, 11.6% (7∕60) of the fetuses were infected by N. caninum during gestation.

scholarly journals Postparturient liver diseases of dairy cattle (Ketosis, fatty liver). I. Etiology and Pathogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ν. PANOUSIS (Ν. ΠΑΝΟΥΣΗΣ) ◽  
H. KARATZIAS (Χ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Fat Utilization ◽  
Common Etiology

Two of the commonest in practice postparturient liver diseases of dairy cows, ketosis and fatty liver, are discussed in this paper. It is not uncommon for both diseases to occur simultaneously, or each to act as a predisposing factor for the other. These diseases share a common etiology and pathogenesis, which are energy imbalance and disruption of normal carbohydrate metabolism during the period of high milk yield. Poor herd management during the dry period and hormonal changes accompanying parturition, have been associated with fat utilization for energy production, which in turn leads to fatty infiltration of the liver and ketosis.

Effect of undegradable protein given for six weeks before calving on the performance of dairy cows in the subsequent lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

Previous studies (Moorby et al, 1994) have shown increased yields of protein and lactose in the subsequent lactation as a consequence of feeding additional undegradable dietary protein (UDP) and restricting energy intake during the dry period. This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of supplementary UDP in the dry period diet of Holstein-Friesian cows given unrestricted access to grass silage and 1.5 kg of barley per day.Sixty-one cows received diets based on ad libitum access to grass silage with either (a) 1.5 kg barley / day or (b) 1.0 kg barley and 0.5 kg Maize Gluten Meal / day. After calving, cows had ad libitum access to grass silage (Metabolisable Energy (ME)=11.3 MJ/kg DM; crude protein (CP)=181 g/kg DM) and received 5 kg/day of concentrates (ME=13.0 MJ/kg DM; CP=250g/kg DM).

scholarly journals Assessment of Fatty Liver Syndrome and Its Predisposing Factors in a Dairy Herd from Venezuela

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara I. Gonzalez ◽  
Oswaldo Rosendo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Severe Fatty Liver

The present on-farm research evaluated the occurrence of fatty liver syndrome and its predisposing risk factors for multiparous dairy cows from a commercial herd in Venezuela. Liver biopsy samples were collected at 35 days (d) prepartum (Holstein, ; Holstein × Carora crossbred, ) as well as 1 to 7 d (Holstein, ; Holstein × Carora crossbred, ) and 28 to 35 d (Holstein, ; Holstein × Carora crossbred, ) postpartum in order to analyse hepatic triacylglycerols (TAG, % wet basis) and glycogen concentrations. At postpartum, an occurrence of 72.0% for severe fatty liver along with 73.5% of subclinical ketosis (SCK) was found. The multiple regression model that best explained the association between milk production in the previous lactation (MYP) and TAG at first week postpartum was as follows: TAG, % = −11.2 + 3.16 (prepartum body condition) + 0.0009176 (MYP) (, ). Logistic regression indicated that Holstein × Carora crossbred cows tended to have 27% higher relative risk than Holstein to experience SCK, whereas prepartum liver TAG greater than 3% tended to be associated with a higher relative risk for SCK compared to cows with TAG ≤3%.

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