scholarly journals Students' Views of Group-Based Work and the Issue of Peer Assessment

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Edgerton ◽  
Jim McKechnie
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Final Grade ◽  
Question And Answer ◽  
New Form ◽  
Whole Class ◽  
The Relationship

This paper evaluates the introduction of a ‘new’ form of assessment in a final year psychology undergraduate module. The assessment required students to work in groups (N = 3 or 4) to produce a conference-style poster that presented personality data collated from the whole class. The final grade for each student on this assessment reflected a group mark for the poster, a peer assessment mark from their group and their individual performance on a question and answer session on the poster. The evaluation focussed on (i) students perception of this piece of assessment, (ii) the relationship between different elements of this assessment and the module exam, and (iii) issues surrounding reciprocity in group work. The main findings suggested that generally students found the poster comparable to other forms of assessment they had experienced in terms of difficulty and effort required, and that on the whole they were positive about the assessment despite misgivings about group organisation and dynamics. In addition, the assessed elements of the poster did not correlate with performance on the exam, suggesting that they may relate to different skills. Finally, the results suggested that the measurement of reciprocity in peer assessment may be more complex where small groups are concerned.

MINIMIZING CHAOS THROUGH COOPERATIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
GENA RHOADES
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Whole Class ◽  
Teacher Trainer ◽  
Do So

There are many reasons for students to work in small groups in any class, but when the focus is on teaching them a language, the need to do so, multiplies. During my time as a teacher and teacher trainer, I have heard many reasons why teachers do not want to use group work, and it seems to boil down to a feeling of being unable to control the class. Fortunately, my first few years of teaching were in a program where small-group and whole class interactions were expected. Small classes gave students many opportunities to practice the target language and receive feedback from their peers and instructors.

scholarly journals Peer assessment for speeches as an aid to teacher grading

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Rieko Okuda ◽  
Rika Otsu
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Teacher Assessment ◽  
Efl Context ◽  
Final Assessment ◽  
Whole Class ◽  
Speech Presentation ◽  
Final Speech ◽  
Level Of Agreement

In this study, we examined the level of agreement between teacher assessment and peer assessment during a speech presentation in an EFL context. A total of 88 students assessed speeches delivered by their peers. After four practice rounds of evaluating each other in small groups, a final assessment, including teacher assessment was conducted on speeches delivered to the whole class. Before each assessment, specifics on how to conduct the evaluations were explained by an instructor through visual demonstrations. A strong correlation (r = .82) was found between teacher marking and peer marking which indicates the viability of incorporating peer assessment into students’ final scores when proper guidance is provided. A questionnaire administered after the final speech revealed that most of the students had found peer assessment useful. 本研究では、学生によるスピーチについての教員評価（TA）とピア評価（PA）の一致の度合いを調べた。被験者88人は、小グループ内でスピーチとPAを４回実施した後、クラス全員の前でスピーチを行った。この最終スピーチではTAとPAを同時に実施した。評価基準については、教員が実演を交えて項目ごとに説明し、それをPA実施のたびに繰り返した。その結果、TAとPAの間には高い相関（r = .82）が得られ、最終評価へのPA組み入れが可能であることが示唆された。またPA実施後のアンケート調査の結果から、多くの学生がピア評価活動を「有益である」と評価しているのが分かった。

The relationship between sociometric structure and conflict coalitions in small groups

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Berkowitz ◽  
Inga Carboni ◽  
Val Boosalis ◽  
David Bartholomew
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
The Relationship

Explore the Possible Impact of BCG Vaccination Policy on the Morbidity, Mortality, and Recovery Rates due to COVID-19 Infection. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Cune Chang
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disease Specific

BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is the new form of an acute infectious respiratory disease and has quickly spread over most continents in the world. Recently, it has been shown that Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) might protect against COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the possible correlation between BCG vaccination and morbidity/mortality/recovery rate associated with COVID-19 infection. OBJECTIVE Our findings confirm that the BCG vaccination might protect against COVID-19 virus infection. METHODS Data of COVID-19 confirmed cases, deaths, recoveries, and population were obtained from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (Accessed on 12 June, 2020). To have meaningful comparisons among countries’ mortality and recovery rates, we only choose those countries with COVID-19 infected cases at least 200. The Poisson regression and logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between BCG vaccination and morbidity, mortality and recovery rates. RESULTS Among those 158 countries with at least 200 COVID-19 infected cases, there were 141 countries with BCG vaccination information available. The adjusted rates ratio of COVID-19 confirmed cases for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination was 0.339 (with 95% CI= (0.338,0.340)). Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of death and recovery after coronavirus infected for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination were 0.258 (with 95% CI= (0.254,0.261)) and 2.151 (with 95% CI= (2.140,2.163)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS That data in this study show the BCG might provide the protection against COVID-19, with consequent less COVID-19 infection and deaths and more rapid recovery. BCG vaccine might bridge the gap before the disease-specific vaccine is developed, but this hypothesis needs to be further tested in rigorous randomized clinical trials. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20131268

scholarly journals How does the position of firms in the supply chain affect their performance? An empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Arora ◽  
Alexandra Brintrup
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
Focal Firm ◽  
Cooperative Competition ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between a firm and its supply chain has been well studied, however, the association between the position of firms in complex supply chain networks and their performance has not been adequately investigated. This is primarily due to insufficient availability of empirical data on large-scale networks. To addresses this gap in the literature, we investigate the relationship between embeddedness patterns of individual firms in a supply network and their performance using empirical data from the automotive industry. In this study, we devise three measures that characterize the embeddedness of individual firms in a supply network. These are namely: centrality, tier position, and triads. Our findings caution us that centrality impacts individual performance through a diminishing returns relationship. The second measure, tier position, allows us to investigate the concept of tiers in supply networks because we find that as networks emerge, the boundaries between tiers become unclear. Performance of suppliers degrade as they move away from the focal firm (i.e., Toyota). The final measure, triads, investigates the effect of buying and selling to firms that supply the same customer, portraying the level of competition and cooperation in a supplier’s network. We find that increased coopetition (i.e., cooperative competition) is a performance enhancer, however, excessive complexity resulting from being involved in both upstream and downstream coopetition results in diminishing performance. These original insights help understand the drivers of firm performance from a network perspective and provide a basis for further research.

scholarly journals Mental imagery: pulling the plug on perceptualism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Cavedon-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Perceptual State ◽  
Perceptual Disorders ◽  
Whole Class ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhat is the relationship between perception and mental imagery? I aim to eliminate an answer that I call perceptualism about mental imagery. Strong perceptualism, defended by Bence Nanay, predictive processing theorists, and several others, claims that imagery is a kind of perceptual state. Weak perceptualism, defended by M. G. F. Martin and Matthew Soteriou, claims that mental imagery is a representation of a perceptual state, a view sometimes called The Dependency Thesis. Strong perceptualism is to be rejected since it misclassifies imagery disorders and abnormalities as perceptual disorders and abnormalities. Weak Perceptualism is to be rejected since it gets wrong the aim and accuracy conditions of a whole class of mental imagery–projected mental imagery–and relies on an impoverished concept of perceptual states, ignoring certain of their structural features. Whatever the relationship between perception and imagery, the perceptualist has it wrong.

scholarly journals How authentic leadership promotes individual performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1585-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neuza Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Patrícia Duarte ◽  
Rita Filipe
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Civic Virtue ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how authentic leadership (AL) can affect individual performance through creativity and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)’s mediating roles. Design/methodology/approach The sample included 177 leader-follower dyads from 26 private and small and medium-sized organizations. Followers reported their perceptions of AL, and leaders assessed each follower’s level of creativity, individual performance and OCB. Findings The findings show that AL has a positive impact on OCB (i.e. altruism, sportsmanship, civic virtue, conscientiousness and courtesy), employee creativity, and individual performance. Creativity partially mediates the relationship between AL and individual performance. Some dimensions of OCB, namely, altruism, civic virtue and courtesy, also play a mediating role in this relationship. Research limitations/implications Additional studies with larger samples are needed to determine more clearly not only AL’s influence on individual performance but also other psychosocial variables affecting that relationship. Practical implications Organizations can increase employees’ creativity, OCB and individual performance by encouraging managers to adopt more AL styles. Originality/value This study is the first to integrate AL, creativity, OCB and individual performance into a single research model, thereby extending previous research. The study also used a double-source method to collect data (i.e. leader-follower dyads) to minimize the risk of introducing common-method variance.

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