Oceanic Commerce and Platine Merchants, 1796-1806: The Challenge of War

1989 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry W. Cooney
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Real ◽  
La Plata ◽  
The Creation

The creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776 by Charles III of Spain and his Edict of Free Commerce two years later brought unprecedented commercial prosperity to the port cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo. Unlimited trade was now allowed between this region of South America and Spain. Exports—mainly silver from Alto Perú and pastoral products from the pampas—flowed in ever greater volume to the Iberian Peninsula. In return, merchants of the estuary received from Spanish commercial houses European manufactures and luxury items. This trade which spanned the South Atlantic depended upon a complex web of credit and merchant associations between the Old World and the New, and also upon the unobstructed traffic of Spain's merchant marine. In the 1780s and early 1790s with the Empire at peace Platine commerce contributed to both government revenues and the growth of a dynamic immigrant merchant community recently arrived from northern Spain. By 1794 the booming trade of the new viceroyalty justified the creation of the Real Consulado de Buenos Aires, essentially an official merchants guild to regulate the business affairs of this region.

On the Heels of Juan Moreira: Lessons for the Cultural History of Reading

PMLA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
William G. Acree
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Real Life ◽  
History Of Reading ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
The Real ◽  
La Plata ◽  
History Of

Between November 1879 and January 1880, the argentine author Eduardo Gutierrez published a serialized narrative of the life of Juan Moreira in the Buenos Aires newspaper La Patria Argentina. Titled simply Juan Moreira, the heroic tale of the real-life outlaw went like this: Moreira was a good gaucho gone bad, who fought to preserve his honor against the backdrop of modernizing forces that were transforming life in this part of South America. His string of crimes and ultimate downfall resulted from his unjust persecution by corrupt state officials. The success of the serial surpassed all expectations. The paper's sales skyrocketed, and the melodramatic narrative soon appeared in book form. Enterprising printers produced tens of thousands of authorized and pirated editions to sell in the Rio de la Plata (Argentina and Uruguay), making Juan Moreira a leading example of everyday reading for the region's rapidly growing literate population and one of Latin America's pre-twentieth-century bestsellers (Acree, Everyday Reading; Gutiérrez, The Gaucho Juan Moreira).

scholarly journals Histology and gametogenesis inHeleobia piscium(Cochliopidae) from the Multiple Use Reserve “Isla Martín García,” Buenos Aires, Argentina

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Maris Martin ◽  
Ana C. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Entre Rios

Heleobia piscium(d’Orbigny, 1835), a member of the Cochliopidae family found only in South America, is distributed from Entre Ríos, Delta del Paraná, and the littoral of the Río de la Plata down as far as to Punta Indio (Buenos Aires), the southernmost limit of the snail’s geographical distribution. To date, little information is available regarding the reproductive cycle of species within this family either in Argentina or throughout South America. The present work analyzed the histology of the reproductive system of the gonochoric speciesH. pisciumand determined the stages oogenesis and spermatogenesis under natural conditions. Specimens ofH. pisciumwere collected in the Multiple-Use Natural Reserve Isla Martín García, located in the Upper Río de la Plata estuary to the south of the mouth of the Uruguay River. The gametogenic cycle in both sexes was found to consist of the following stages: early maturation, maturation, and evacuation. The maturation period was found to extend from January to October and evacuation of the gametes to start in November and end in February (summer in the Southern Hemisphere). The results indicated theH. pisciumexhibit a reproductive cycle without a resting period.

Las letrerías de Antonio Espinosa en la Real Imprenta de Niños Expósitos (1790-1802). El caso del «Telégrafo mercantil», primer periódico de Buenos Aires

2013 ◽  
pp. 35-66
Author(s):  
Fabio Eduardo Ares
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
Graphic Arts ◽  
The Real ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Del Rio

El presente artículo brinda un panorama sobre la Buenos Aires finicolonial, la Real Imprenta de Niños Expósitos y sus ediciones para comprender el marco contextual de la provisión tipográfica. Luego se concentra en las letrerías llegadas desde España en 1790 y, por último, y por intermedio de estas, en la composición del primer periódico porteño: el Telégrafo Mercantil, Rural, Político, Económico e Historiógrafo, un verdadero paradigma del periodismo y las artes gráficas argentinas, que en este caso sirve de modelo para el estudio de los usos tipográficos que realizara la Real Imprenta de Niños Expósitos a partir de los caracteres ibéricos cortados por Antonio Espinosa de los Monteros.PALABRAS CLAVETipografía, tipos móviles, imprenta, impresos, ediciones, bibliografía material, Virreinato del Río de la Plata, Antonio Espinosa de los Monteros.This article provides a view of the «finicolonial» Buenos Aires, the Real Imprenta de Niños Expósitos (Royal Orphan Children Printing Office) and its editions in order to provide a typing provision reference framework. Then it focuses on Spanish wich arrived at the country by 1790 and finally by them, their use in the making of the first «porteño» newspaper: Telégrafo Mercantil, Rural, Político, Económico e Historiógrafo, a real paradigm of Argentine journalism and graphic arts, in its case used as reference of the study of typing done by the Royal Orphan Children Printing Office using Antonio Espinosa de los Montero’s iberic types.KEYWORDSTypography, movable type, letterpress, antique prints, editions, library science, Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, Antonio Espinosa de los Monteros.  

Argentina

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
La Plata ◽  
The 19Th Century

Argentina emerged as a nation-state in the latter half of the 19th century. However, both popular culture and the official history generally agree that Argentina’s origins lay in the break with Spain in 1810 or even earlier, during the colonial period. The Hispanic monarchy’s dominions in South America were governed by a viceroy based in Lima until the 18th century, when two new divisions were created: the viceroy of New Granada governed the northern half of the continent, and the viceroy of Río de la Plata governed the south. The latter, whose capital was Buenos Aires, included most of what would become Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru. The early-19th-century crisis of the Spanish monarchy created the conditions for the establishment of various nation-states in South America. The viceroyalty of Río de la Plata disintegrated into small power units, and a series of civil wars broke out. Paraguay would be the first independent entity to emerge (1811), followed by Bolivia (1824) and Uruguay (1828). The rest of the fourteen states-provinces of the old viceroyalty continued fighting until 1862, at which point the Argentine Republic was created. The period starting in 1862 is referred to in Argentine national historiography as the period of “national organization,” during which the state gave substance to its sovereignty and institutions. Since the colonial period, agriculture had been the principal productive sector. Toward the end of the 19th century, cattle and grains became the principal and essentially the only exports, and the engine of its growth. Some areas of the country, most especially the city of Buenos Aires and the areas under its influence, underwent rapid demographic and economic growth, which gave Buenos Aires, the country’s major port, a disproportionate role in the territory as a whole, making it the country’s critical center. In the late 19th century, state construction coincided with an important series of transformations, including the forcible incorporation of Patagonia and Gran Chaco, which until then had been under the control of indigenous peoples (“Desert Campaign,” 1878–1885), the takeoff of agricultural exports, infrastructure construction (ports, railways, etc.), rapid urbanization, and, especially, the massive arrival of immigrants, most of them from Europe, who would play an active role throughout this transformative process.

Redescription of Apiomerus bosqi Costa Lima, Campos Seabra & Hathaway 1952 (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae: Apiomerini), and new distributional records for this genus in temperate South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1204 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
COSCARÓN MARÍA DEL CARMEN ◽  
MARCO ANDRES MAGNANELLI
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
New Records ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Personal Collection

Apiomeurs bosqi is redescribed and illustrated; descriptions include morphologica l and morphomet r ical characters. The studied m ater ial belongs to the Museo A rgentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Museo de la Plata, and Carcavallo personal collection . A. barbiellinii Costa Lima and Campos Seab r a & Hathawa y, an d A. beckeri Costa Lima, Campos Seabra & Hatha way ar e from new Argentin e localities. An d A. bosqi Costa Lima , Campos Seabra & Hatha way and A. eritrhromelas Blanchard are new records for this countr y.

scholarly journals On the Distribution of Mastodon in South America

The Geologist ◽  
1861 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 469-472
Author(s):  
Charles Carter Blake
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
General Rule ◽  
The United States ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Old World ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Fossil Remains ◽  
The Andes

One of the greatest and most significant laws which modern palæontology has unfolded to us, is that principle by which it is definitively ascertained that, as a general rule, the animals of the Post-Pliocene, and indeed all the later Tertiary ages, were restricted to the same great geographical provinces as their representatives in the existing fauna. Amongst the Pliocene Mammalia of South America, we find the same preponderance of the Edentata, the same family of prehensile-tailed Monkeys, and the same typical Llamas and Vicuñas, as we find in the present pampas of La Plata, forests of Brazil, or elevations of the Andes.But we also find animals which, from all our previous pre-conceived associations, we had considered peculiar to the old world. The Elephants, of which one species (E. Africanus) now exists in Africa, a second (E. Indicus) in India, and a third (E. Sumatranus) in Sumatra and Ceylon, apart from the extensive and widely-distributed evidences which we find of their fossil remains in Europe, India, China, and Australia, extended their geographical province in the later Tertiary age over the whole of North America. The species of elephant which we find in Siberia (E. primigenius) has also been found over the whole of the space lately marked on our maps as the United States. South of the 30th degree of N. Iatitude it however gives place to a totally different species of true Elephant (Elephas Texianus, Owen, E. Columbi? Falconer), the molars of which, by their less degree of complexity, were more adapted to triturate the soft succulent herbage of Texas and Mexico. Besides these true Elephants, there existed in North America many individuals of the genus Mastodon, to which the present communication more particularly alludes.

scholarly journals The Entomology in Argentina until the creation of the Sociedad Entomológica Argentina. A historical survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Miguel De Asúa
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
The Creation

In this paper, a historical survey of the development of the entomological studies in Argentina from the 18th century to 1925, the year in which the Sociedad Entomológica Argentina was created, is presented. Three periods are distinguished in this historical survey: (a) research on insects in colonial and early independent Río de la Plata, and in early Argentina until the 1870s; (b) the period from c. 1870 to c. 1900, in which entomology functioned as a core around which much of the zoological studies were organized; (c) the period from c. 1910 to c. 1925, which involved the development of large entomological collections in the Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences (Buenos Aires) and the Museum of La Plata, the beginnings of applied entomology with the hiring of French and American specialists, and the incorporation of women in the field.

Filling biogeographic gaps about the shrimp Farfantepenaeus isabelae Tavares & Gusmão, 2016 (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4718 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-508
Author(s):  
NIELSON F. C. FRANÇA ◽  
CARLOS E. R. D. ALENCAR ◽  
FERNANDO L. MANTELATTO ◽  
FÚLVIO A. M. FREIRE
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Niche Modeling ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Pink Shrimp ◽  
The Real ◽  
Shrimp Species ◽  
Modeling Analysis

Farfantepenaeus isabelae is a recently described pink shrimp species with occurrence restricted to the South Atlantic. The real geographic distribution of this species is still uncertain, probably due to difficulties on identification in relation to congeners. The present study aims to increase the knowledge about its occurrence by using an integrative approach with morphology, molecular and niche modeling analysis. Our results extend both western and eastern limits of occurrence of F. isabelae, elucidating gaps along the northern region of Brazil. The knowledge about its distribution will contribute to updating the politics of management and fishing in order to preserve its natural stocks. 

Clemente Onelli's sketch map and his first-hand, retrospective account of an early fossil-hunting expedition along the Río Santa Cruz, southern Patagonia, 1888–1889

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Brinkman ◽  
S. F. Vizcaíno
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
North American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Field Museum ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Fossil Mammals ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
Retrospective Account ◽  
Sketch Map

A 1922 letter from Clemente Onelli to North American paleontologist Elmer S. Riggs, found at Chicago's Field Museum, is one of only a few known first-hand accounts of the former's participation on a fossil hunting expedition along the Río Santa Cruz, southern Patagonia, 1888–1889. Onelli and his companions, who were sent to Patagonia by Francisco P. Moreno, director of the Museo de La Plata, were among the first to collect fossil mammals at this important locality. Moreno had first discovered fossil mammals there in 1876–1877. He then sent Carlos Ameghino, who worked as an assistant preparator of palaeontology at the museum, to revisit his discoveries in January 1887. Ameghino later lost his position at the museum over a dispute between his brother, paleontologist Florentino Ameghino, and the director, in March 1889. Onelli, who had only been associated with the Museo de La Plata for a few short months, was asked by Moreno to accompany a new expedition outfitted in 1888–1889. In December 1922, Riggs travelled to South America to make a representative collection of the fossil mammals of Argentina and Bolivia. Learning of his arrival in Buenos Aires, Onelli wrote him a letter, in Spanish, providing detailed information about fossil localities along the Río Santa Cruz. This letter, translated here, along with the accompanying sketch map, provides previously unknown details about Onelli's itinerary and his observations.

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