Matrilineal Kinship among the Kunda

Opening ParagraphThe Kunda, a matrilineal Bantu people numbering about 20,000, occupy part of the Luangwa valley in the Eastern Province of Northern Rhodesia. Their country, located within the administrative district of Fort Jameson, stretches along the east bank of the Luangwa between the Lusangazi in the south and the Lukuzi in the north. Its western boundary is the Luangwa river proper; across the river a game reserve, stretching up from the Muchinga range, forms an uninhabited barrier between them and the tribes beyond the mountains. The eastern boundary is less clearly demarcated, but marches with the territory of the adjacent Cewa. To the south and north live the Nsenga and Bisa respectively. All these adjacent tribes are matrilineal.

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IV.—The Upper Trias of Leicestershire

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800126226 ◽

1913 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 205-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. R. Horwood

Keyword(s):

Black Shales ◽

The South ◽

The West ◽

West Side ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Eastern Boundary ◽

East End

Although the Rhætic beds are not exposed continuously along the eastern boundary of the Keuper outcrop, they have been proved at many points from the River Trent in the north on the Nottinghamshire border to Glen Parva in the south. South of this point there is so much drift, and borings within the Liassic outcrop have been so isolated or shallow, that there is a gap in our knowledge of the intervening ground between the last point and the Rugby district. The Countesthorpe boring, carried to a depth of over 600 feet, encountered Upper Keuper beneath the Drift, with no intervening Rhætics. Commencing in the north in the Gotham district the two outliers are capped above the Red Marl and Tea-green Marl with Rhætic beds, and Lower Lias Limestone (Ps. planorbe zone) above. At Ash Spinney at the south end of the southern outlier, and at the east end of Crownend Wood, Black Shales with Avicula contorta crop out; and on the west side septaria are seen. On the north-west side of the northern outlier at Cottager's Hill Protocardium phillipianum has been found in a well-section near the lane. Rhætic shales are seen in the shafts driven for gypsum works about Gotham.

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Social Administration of the Kru. A Preliminary Survey

Africa ◽

10.2307/1155847 ◽

1937 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 75-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Scudder Mekeel

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

West African ◽

Preliminary Survey ◽

The South ◽

North West ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Archaeological Work ◽

Opening Paragraph ◽

Physical Type

Opening ParagraphThe Kru, a West African Negro group, inhabit the central and southern part of Liberia. They are surrounded by the Basa peoples to the north-west, by the Grebo to the south-east and by the Putu to the north-east. The informant, Thomas Tarbour (Sieh Tagbweh), from whom the following material was derived, was a native of Grand Cess (Siglipo), a large coast town near the border of the Grebo country. The Kru, along with other related groups in that part of West Africa, have a tradition of having migrated from far to the north-east. The physical type is that of the short, stocky Bush negro. No archaeological work has been done in the region, and such ethnological material as has been collected is a mere beginning.

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An Historical Sketch of Egba Traditional Authorities

Africa ◽

10.2307/1157085 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 35-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. O. Biobaku

Keyword(s):

Tropical Forest ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

General Drive ◽

Traditional Authorities ◽

Opening Paragraph ◽

Holy City ◽

Historical Sketch

Opening ParagraphThe Yoruba were probably first established in what is now Nigeria in the region of Nupe, whence they crossed the Niger and went southwards in search of a suitable settlement. They chose Ile-Ife where, according to tradition, they encountered no opposition from the aborigines. Ife was later idealized; it became their Holy City and the revered cradle of their civilization. They probably remained under a single government at Ife until they had consolidated their power sufficiently to undertake the conquest of their neighbours. The general drive was towards the south, although a counter-migration back to the north resulted in the foundation of Old Oyo. When the Yoruba fanned out from Ife, they left principalities in their wake as they drove towards the sea. This region was probably then occupied by the Fon or Egun people, who were either absorbed or expelled as the Yoruba, in various waves and in different directions, penetrated the tropical forest.

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The influence of the Brazil and Malvinas Currents on the Southwestern Atlantic Shelf circulation

Ocean Science ◽

10.5194/os-6-983-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 983-995 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

R. P. Matano ◽

E. D. Palma ◽

A. R. Piola

Keyword(s):

World Ocean ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Western Boundary ◽

Oceanic Circulation ◽

Southwestern Atlantic ◽

The South ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

The North ◽

Brazil Current ◽

South Brazil

Abstract. The oceanic circulation over the southwestern Atlantic shelf is influenced by large tidal amplitudes, substantial freshwater discharges, high wind speeds and – most importantly – by its proximity to two of the largest western boundary currents of the world ocean: the Brazil and Malvinas currents. This review article aims to discriminate the dynamical processes controlling the interaction between this extensive shelf region and the deep-ocean. The discussion is focused on two broad regions: the South Brazil Bight to the north, and Patagonia to the south. The exchanges between the Brazil Current and the South Brazil Bight are characterized by the intermittent development of eddies and meanders of the Brazil Current at the shelfbreak. However, it is argued that this is not the only – nor the most important – influence of the Brazil Current on the shelf. Numerical simulations show that the thermohaline structure of the South Brazil Bight can be entirely ascribed to steady state, bottom boundary layer interactions between the shelf and the Brazil Current. The Malvinas Current does not show the development of eddies and meanders, but its influence on the Patagonian shelf is not less important. Models and observations indicate that the Malvinas Current not only controls the shelfbreak dynamics and cross-shelf exchanges but also influences the circulation in the shelf's interior.

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Moča, a Tone Language of the Kafa Group in South-Western Ethiopia

Africa ◽

10.2307/1157132 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 135-147

Author(s):

Wolf Leslau

Keyword(s):

The South ◽

The West ◽

Tone Language ◽

The North ◽

South West ◽

Opening Paragraph ◽

Western Ethiopia

Opening ParagraphMoča is a dialect of the Kafa cluster, in the south-west of Ethiopia. It is spoken in the province of Ilubabor, to the west of Kafa, extending north across the river Baro. The language is called Šäkka by the Moča themselves; the term Moča is used by the Galla and by the Europeans.The dialects of the Kafa cluster are: Kafa spoken in the province of Kafa, between the rivers Omo and Goǧeb to the north and the Gimira tribes to the south; Boša (or Garo) spoken to the north of the river Goǧeb, and west of Omo; and Moča.

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The dialect of Shahrud (Khalkhāl)

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0041977x00076126 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 52-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Yarshater

Keyword(s):

The Place of the North-Eastern Transvaal Sotho in the South Bantu Complex

Africa ◽

10.2307/1155651 ◽

1938 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 265-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Eileen Jensen Krige

Keyword(s):

Total Population ◽

The West ◽

North West ◽

Effective Barrier ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern ◽

Game Reserve ◽

Olifants River ◽

Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe Sotho of the North-Eastern Transvaal Lowveld occupy an area with fairly well-marked geographical boundaries. To the east, the Game Reserve, low-lying, unhealthy, very sparsely populated even in the old days, remains an effective barrier to contact with and further migrations from the Shangana-Tonga of Portuguese East Africa. South are the Olifants River and the towering Drakensberg range curving north-west then northwards to merge into the well-marked escarpment on the west dividing Lowveld from Highveld. On the north the Klein Letaba river roughly demarcates our area from the Venda and the Shangana-Tonga of the Knobnose Location. The Sotho-speaking Venda of Tswale and Moila, who fall well within this area, resemble in culture their Sotho-ized neighbours more than their own Venda kin to the north; but the Shangana- Tonga, who occupy most of the lower-lying eastern and north-eastern portion of the area and comprise at least one-third of its total population, are unassimilated strangers of different stock coming from the north-east and east. They have been entering since about 1840, usually in small bands, at first seeking the protection of and subjecting themselves to the Sotho owners of the land. On the arrival of the white man, some of their headmen were granted independent locations which have served as nuclei for the building up of more united tribal groups. (See accompanying map.)

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The Plans of a New Asylum for East Sussex

Journal of Mental Science ◽

10.1192/bjp.46.195.673 ◽

1900 ◽

Vol 46 (195) ◽

pp. 673-688

Author(s):

H. Hayes Newington

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

County Council ◽

Western Boundary ◽

The South ◽

Railway Station ◽

Efficient System ◽

Isle Of Wight ◽

The North ◽

General Contour ◽

Suitable Site

When East Sussex determined a year or two back to build an asylum for its sole use, a Visiting Committee, appointed for the purpose, was fortunate enough to find in the centre of the county a suitable estate which the County Council purchased. It is situated at Hellingly, a village about nine miles north of Eastbourne. The area is four hundred acres, compact, as you will see on the plan, having within 400 yards of its western boundary a railway station which we propose to connect with the main asylum by a full gauge tramway. It slopes gently upwards from the south towards the north, where it attains its highest level of about 130 feet above the sea. The subsoil is most favourable, being, with the exception of two patches of clay, of a sandy or gravelly nature. The water supply is adequate, and the general contour lends itself readily to an efficient system of drainage, which will be bacterial. The views are excellent, extending to the sea and the south downs. It would be difficult to find a more suitable site for an asylum. A sub-committee was authorised to travel about the country to inspect other asylums, I being appointed its chairman. We visited the Hartwood, Lenzie, Gartloch, Hawkhead, Cheddleton, Burntwood, Glamorgan, Dorchester, Isle of Wight, and Chichester Asylums.

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The emergence of a Diola Christianity

Africa ◽

10.2307/1160112 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 370-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Robert M. Baum

Keyword(s):

Fifteenth Century ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Traditional Religion ◽

The South ◽

Colonial Era ◽

The North ◽

Temporary Response ◽

South Shore ◽

Islam And Christianity ◽

Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphAfrican religious history in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has been dominated by the rapid growth of Islam and Christianity. This has been especially true of the Senegambia region of West Africa, which has witnessed the adoption of Islam by approximately 80 per cent of the region's populace and the development of a small, but influential Christian minority. Among the Diola of the Casamance region of Senegal, Islam and Christianity have both enjoyed rapid growth. The approximately half million Diola, however, include the largest number of adherents of their traditional religion within the Senegambian region. They are sedentary rice farmers and are usually described as acephalous peoples. While Muslims and Christians have been in contact with the Diola since the fifteenth century there were few conversions during the pre-colonial era (Baum, 1986). During the colonial era Islam became the dominant religion among the Diola on the north shore of the Casamance river, and Christianity also attracted a considerable following (Mark, 1985). Among the south shore communities neither Islam nor Christianity became important until after the Second World War. Seeing the increased momentum of recent years, many observers are confident that the south shore Diola will follow the northern example and convert to Islam or Christianity. Louis Vincent Thomas, the doyen of Diola ethnographers, described Diola traditional religion as ‘a false remedy to a very real crisis; fetishism will become a temporary response that will be quickly swept away by another attempt, even larger and undoubtedly more profound: Islam and perhaps we could add, Christianity’ (Thomas, 1967: 225; translations are my own, unless otherwise stated).

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The Alston Block

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800108337 ◽

1928 ◽

Vol 65 (10) ◽

pp. 433-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

F. M. Trotter ◽

S. E. Hollingworth

Keyword(s):

Rigid Block ◽

The South ◽

The West ◽

Lower Carboniferous ◽

The North ◽

Fault Block ◽

Eastern Boundary ◽

Northern Half ◽

Southern Half ◽

Coal Measures

The area covered by this paper embraces the northern end of the Pennines—the uplands of Lower Carboniferous rocks centred about Alston, together with the low ground of the Tyne-Irthing gap to the north. It is bounded on the west by the Vale of Eden. The Pennine portion is separated structurally from the regions to the north and west by the Stublick and Pennine Faults respectively. The former trends E.N.E., it has a downthrow to the north and has resulted in the preservation of the string of Coal Measures outliers which form a connecting link between the Cumberland and Northumberland coalfields. The Pennine Fault, trending S.S.E., with a throw of several thousand feet to the west, brings the New Red rocks of the Vale of Eden against the Lower Carboniferous beds of the Pennine Escarpment. These two faults meet at right angles near Castle Carrock. To the south the Pennine Fault dies out near Stainmore, and another dislocation, the Dent Fault, trending S.S.W., develops, and eventually links up with the Craven Faults which have an E.S.E. trend. These four faults, as pointed out by Professor Kendall, have the form of a reversed 3, and the region within this figure has become known generally as the Northumbrian Fault Block. Professor Marr has aptly termed the southern half of this area the “Rigid Block”. The northern half of the Northumbrian Fault Block, which will be shown to possess many characters in common with the southern half, is here called the “Aiston Block”. Its limits are defined on three sides—by the Stublick Fault on the north, the Pennine Fault on the west, and by the Stainmore depression on the south. The last thus divides the Northumbrian Fault Block into two, physiographically and structurally. The eastern boundary of the Alston Block is concealed beneath the Mesozoic rocks.

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