Initiation into the Bori Cult: A Case Study in Ningi Town

Africa ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fremont E. Besmer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Comparative Safety ◽  
The Town ◽  
Present Site

IntroductionThe town of Ningi is located on the western edge of the North East State of Nigeria, about 25 km from the south-eastern corner of Kano State. Old Ningi town (about 50 km from the town's present site) was founded by a Kano Qur'anic teacher-scholar, Malam Hamza, and his followers in the middle of the nineteenth century. Malam Hamza is said to have fled Kano because of political and religious disputes with the Emir of Kano which resulted in a purge of the Malam class. Moving away from the centre of Kano power to the comparative safety of the Kabara hills and the non-Hausa people who lived in them, Malam Hamza was able to establish the separatism he and his followers desired. During this period the Kabara hills were the scene of slave-raiding and warfare, constantly threatened by the Hausa-Fulani emirates which surrounded them. Fighting from the hills, the people of Old Ningi, loosely allied with their neighbours, the Butawa, Warjawa, and others, were able to maintain their independence from Bauchi, Zaria, and Kano.

scholarly journals IV.—The Geology of the Dolgelley Gold-belt, North Wales

1910 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
North Wales ◽  
The Town ◽  
Gold Bearing

The town of Dolgelley lies slightly outside the main tract of gold-bearing country of Merionethshire, but it forms a convenient headquarters from which to visit the various gold-mines and auriferous lodes. The Dolgelley Gold-belt lies within the area covered by the quarter-sheets 27 N.E., 27 S.E., 32 S.E., 33 N.W., 33 N.E., 33 S.W., 36 N.W., 36 N.E. of the 6 inch Ordnance Survey maps of Merionethshire. It is on the north side of the estuary of the Mawddach, extending from the sea at Barmouth to the locality of Gwynfynydd on the north-east. The belt forms the south-eastern flank of a range of high ground sloping down to the south and south-east from the mountains of Rhinog, Diphwys, and Garn. It is drained by several tributaries of the Mawddach, of which the principal are the Afons Hirgwm, Cwm-llechen, Cwm-mynach, Wnion, Las, Gamlan, Eden, and Gain.

II.—Further Notes on the Petrography of South Georgia

1916 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
New Material ◽  
Rock Specimens

The new material on which this paper is based has lately been received through Mr. D. Ferguson, who recently investigated the geology of the island, and collected the rocks described in an earlier paper. It consists of twenty-seven rock specimens from the south-eastern end of the island, between Cape Disappointment and Cooper Island, and nine specimens from Gold Harbour on the north-east coast between Cooper Island and Royal Bay. All these were collected by the staff of the South Georgia Co., Ltd., under the instructions of Mr. Th. E. Salvesen, managing director, of Leith.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS ON THE ENTROPIC MODEL OF THE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL. CASE STUDY OF THE SMES IN THE NORTH EAST REGION

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Mironescu ◽  
Andreea Feraru ◽  
Ovidiu Turcu
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Effective Relationships ◽  
Intellectual Skills

The intellectual capital in its dynamic approach focusses on the development of the entropic model, which expresses the dynamic transformation of the theoretical intellectual capital in a concrete and useful intellectual capital. The aim of the present paper is to perform a detailed analysis of the intellectual capital inside the SMES of the North-Est region of the country. It also speaks about the influence of the main integrators of the intellectual capital, divided into three elements: the cognitive, the emotional and the spiritual capital, about how they are acting as a field of forces upon the basic components of the intellectual capital, such as knowledge, intelligence and values and how they determine the generation and development of the intellectual capital in the eastern analyzed SMEs. Both jobs and teams inside the analyzed SMEs are stimulating the development of the intellectual skills, which reduces the need for involving the external experts, by appealing only those specialists who could transform the tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. The organizational communication provides the necessary information and contributes to the establishment of a fair climate and of the effective relationships between managers and employees, between work mates, and also with the people outside the organization.

The ziggurrat and temples of Nimrud

Iraq ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 135-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Reade
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The 1950S

The buildings on the citadel of Nimrud, ancient Kalah or Kalḫu, constitute a most impressive monument (Fig. 1; Postgate and Reade 1980), but the sporadic way in which they have been excavated leaves many questions unanswered. One puzzling area lies north and north-east of the great North-West Palace. It includes the ziggurrat, and the shrines of Ninurta, of Ištar Šarrat Nipḫi (formerly read Bēlat Māti) and of the Kidmuri (or Ištar Bēlat Kidmuri). Their interrelationships have yet to be established, and texts refer to further gods resident at Kalah. Excavations in this quarter were conducted by Layard, Rassam, Rawlinson, Loftus and Smith in the nineteenth century, and by Mallowan in the 1950s, and were resumed by staff of the Iraq Directorate-General of Antiquities in the early 1970s. This paper summarizes some of what we know or may deduce about the area, and defines some of the remaining problems; it does not include, except in passing, the relatively well-known Nabû Temple to the south. I have endeavoured to refer to all items except sherds found during British excavations in the area, but have not attempted the detailed publication which many of the objects, groups of objects, and pottery records may merit.A possible arrangement of the buildings in this area of Nimrud about 800 BC is given in Fig. 2, but it is a reconstruction from inadequate evidence. The relative dates, dimensions, locations and orientations of many excavated structures are arguable, and the plans published by different excavators cannot be fully reconciled. Major uncertainties concern the ziggurrat, the citadel-wall, the Kidmuri shrine and the area between the North-West Palace and the Ninurta shrine. There are many minor uncertainties. My reconstruction includes speculative features, while omitting some excavated walls which I regard as secondary.

A Moated Mound at Abingdon, Berks.

1934 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Present State ◽  
The South ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Ordinary Water ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Good State ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
The Town

About 80 yds. to the north-east of an old house known as ‘Fitzharry's’ on the northern outskirts of the town of Abingdon is an early Norman moated mound in a good state of preservation. The mound is formed by the upcast of the encircling ditch and is covered with trees; it is roughly circular in shape, the axis from north to south measuring about 78 ft. and from west to east about 68 ft. At present the mound stands up about 10 ft. above the ordinary water-level. The moat is still (except in times of drought) filled with water supplied by an adjacent streamlet, an arm of which formerly appears to have entered the moat on the northern side. This entrance has since partly silted up but is plainly discernible. After flowing through the moat, the water rejoined the original stream at the south-east corner. The exit and the intake form at present only one channel. Originally there were separate channels. The mound and moat duly appear on the Ordnance Survey plans of 1875, and to the east is a tongue of land which may have served as a rudimentary bailey; in its present state it is roughly pear-shaped and much smaller than most of the known examples of the Norman bailey. On the further face of this tongue the streamlet surrounding it widens out considerably. Originally both the mound and the tongue were entirely enclosed by water, which, pursuing its course, descended through the town and fell into the Thames at Abingdon Bridge. On its way the streamlet served till recent times as a parish boundary.

scholarly journals Redefining the climate regions of Romania through objective methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad-Alexandru Amihăesei ◽  
Lucian Sfîcă ◽  
Alexandru Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Cold Climate ◽  
The South ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Climate Regionalization ◽  
Major Factors

<p>The south-eastern part of the European continent is known as a region where the types of climate are hard to be delimited, being indicated by Trewartha since 1961 among the so-called Earth's Climate Problem regions of the world. This is given especially by its position at the merges of arid and cold climate of the temperate zone in Europe. Taking to account this aspect, it is not surprisingly that after almost 100 years of climate classification attempts, there is still no agreement regarding the climate type of Romania and its corresponding subdivisions. Even if a weak majority of the Romanian climatologists plead for a temperate continental climate, some others consider that Romania has a typically temperate transitional climate specific for central Europe. However, most of previous regionalizations are highly subjective with no proper quantitative assessment of climate conditions. </p><p>In our study a climate regionalization of Romania’s territory is proposed, based on an objective approach. For this purpose, 9 monthly climate parameters extracted from interpolation gridded data sets (ERA-5 land and ROCADA) were used.</p><p>The regionalization was performed by mixing two objective methods. Firstly, all the 108 input variables were reduced at 8 major factors using factor analysis. Secondly, those factors were used in a k-means clustering method and a new scheme of climate regionalization of Romanian territory was obtained. Through this, we succeed to delimitate 8 different climate subtypes within Romania's territory which we aggregated firstly in 2 major zonal climate types: (i) temperate transitional climate (TTC) from maritime to continental type, extended in the north-east part of Romania and (ii) temperate orographically sheltered climate (TOSC) with 2 major subtypes. The first sub-type of TOSC is extended within the Carpathian mountain arch (an extension of pannonian climate) and the second one covers the romanian part of the region between Carpathian and Balkan Mountain (lower danubian climate). Besides these two zonal types the major landforms of Romania impose specific climate conditions: (iii) the Carpathian mountains and sub-mountains area have their own climate features (CMSC) with 3 climate subtypes (precarpathian, eastern Carpathian and alpine climates), while the (iv) Black Sea shapes the main climate conditions of the south-eastern side of the country especially along the coast with 2 climate subtypes (ponto-deltaic and western pontic type). The main features of these climate types/subtypes are presented in detailed in the study.</p><p>In the meantime, the proposed climate regionalization covers partially the neighbor countries in an attempt to homogenize the different national perspectives on the climate types along the states boundaries in central and south-eastern Europe.</p>

The Political Status of the Chilean Merchants at the end of the Colonial Period: The Concepcion Example, 1790-1810

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Kinsbruner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Status ◽  
The Town

It is necessary to study the political status of Latin American merchants because we have so long heard that they were largely without franchise during the colonial period. We have been told that the creoles were the landowners, that the peninsulares were the merchants, and that the creoles generally controlled the cabildos. Though several writers have been investigating the merchants for some time now there are still historians who do not recognize the presence of a dynamic, influential group of creole merchants at the end of the colonial period. The Conceptión merchants (those who maintained residence in the town of Concepción) have been singled out for case study, but I am fully convinced that the patterns we see among them will apply also for the Santiago and far-northern merchants. By 1790 the town of Concepción was the capital of Chile's southern intendency, it was as it would demonstrate time and again in later years the capital of the south; and the south was the keystone of early nineteenth-century Chilean political life.

THE GEOLOGY OF THE BONAPARTE GULF BASIN

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
T. J. Brady ◽  
W. Jauncey ◽  
C. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Upper Devonian ◽  
The South ◽  
Continuous Section ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
North West ◽  
Eastern Margin ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Ordovician

An estimated total of over 20,000 feet of Palaeozoic sediments accumulated in the Bonaparte Gulf Basin. The thickest known continuous section is that in Bonaparte No. 1 Well, abandoned at 10,530 feet in Upper Devonian sandstone and shale. Rocks of the Basin margins are mainly sandstones and limestones (in part reef), whereas a thick shale section has been discovered in the deeper parts. Data from recent seismic surveys indicate that the seaward extension of the Basin is considerable and that a thick pile of sediments is preserved there.The Bonaparte Gulf Basin formed as a result of subsidence of the north-eastern part of the Kimberley Block along fault lines associated with the Halls Creek Mobile Zone. This zone borders the south-eastern margin of the Basin and trends north-east. One basement block, represented by the presentday Pincombe Range, remained relatively high. The Bonaparte Gulf Basin can be divided into two subsidiary basins, the Carlton Basin to the west and north-west and the Burt Range Basin in the east and south-east. The Pincombe Range separates the two.Marine sediments were deposited in the Carlton Basin during the Middle and Upper Cambrian, Lower Ordovician, Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous epochs. Angular unconformities have been mapped between the Lower Ordovician and Upper Devonian rocks, and between Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous rocks. In the Burt Range Basin, deposition began in the Upper Devonian and continued with minor breaks through the Lower Carboniferous. Faults along the south-eastern margin were active through this period and affected the character of the sediments.Permian sediments are widely distributed and lie with unconformity on older units.

scholarly journals Detrital Zircon U-Pb Data for Jurassic–Cretaceous Strata from the South-Eastern Verkhoyansk-Kolyma Orogen—Correlations to Magmatic Arcs of the North-East Asia Active Margin

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Prokopiev ◽  
Victoria B. Ershova ◽  
Daniel F. Stockli
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Detrital Zircon ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
The South ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Back Arc

We performed U-Pb dating of detrital zircons collected from Middle–Upper Jurassic strata of the Sugoi synclinorium and Cretaceous rocks of the Omsukchan (Balygychan-Sugoi) basin, in order to identify their provenance and correlate Jurassic–Cretaceous sedimentation of the south-eastern Verkhoyansk-Kolyma orogenic belt with various magmatic belts of the north-east Asia active margins. In the Middle–Late Jurassic, the Uda-Murgal magmatic arc represented the main source area of clastics, suggesting that the Sugoi basin is a back-arc basin. A major shift in the provenance signature occurred during the Aptian, when granitoids of the Main (Kolyma) batholith belt, along with volcanic rocks of the Uyandina-Yasachnaya and Uda-Murgal arcs, became the main sources of clastics deposited in the Omsukchan basin. In a final Mesozoic provenance shift, granitoids of the Main (Kolyma) batholith belt, along with volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Uyandina-Yasachnaya and Okhotsk-Chukotka arcs, became the dominant sources for clastics in the Omsukchan basin in the latest Cretaceous. A broader comparison of detrital zircon age distributions in Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits across the south-eastern Verkhoyansk-Kolyma orogen illustrates that the Sugoi and Omsukchan basins did not form along the distal eastern portion of the Verkhoyansk passive margin, but in the Late Mesozoic back-arc basins.

Excavations at Farnham, Surrey (1937–38): The Horsham Culture and the Question of Mesolithic Dwellings

1939 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. D. Clark ◽  
W. F. Rankine
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The South ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Blackwater River ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
District Council ◽  
Sewage Farm ◽  
The Town ◽  
Effective Source

The scene of the excavations described in the first part of this paper is the Sewage Farm of the Farnham (Surrey) Urban District Council, situated on the gravels of the old course of the Blackwater River to the north-east of the town at an elevation of c. 250 ft. O.D. (fig. 1). The surface of the gravel within the area investigated is level, but to the west it slopes upwards to Farnham Park. From here there issues the course of a stream, which, skirting the site on the south-west, turns south to join the Wey half a mile to the south. In recent years the Park stream has been captured near its source by a system of swallow-holes, and to-day its effective source is the spring which breaks out from the Chalk below the gravel spread in the immediate neighbourhood of the site. The Bourne Mill Spring, as it is usually known, has cut its way back an appreciable distance, having formed a small valley of its own, so that it can lay claim to a fair antiquity; indeed, there is every reason for regarding it as a main attraction of the site from Mesolithic times onwards (pl. VI). At the present day the spring retains its purity unaffected by the disposal of sewage and is still a well-known stopping place for tramps. For an account of the site written from a geological point of view the reader is referred to Appendix I, kindly supplied by Dr K. P. Oakley, F.G.S.

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