scholarly journals Labor Law: State Jurisdiction over Acts Which Are Unfair Labor Practices under Federal Labor Legislation

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Eugene Alkema

Author(s):  
Yuliya Chernenilova

This article describes the periods of development of the legal institution of employment contract in Russia. The characteristic features for each of them are defined. The first period was the longest and was marked by develogment of the contract of personal employment as the origin of the modern institution of employment contract. In the second period, the contract of personal employment represented the institution of civil law, and later became the subject of study of the civil law science. At that time the industrial law of the country was forming. A distinctive feature of the third period was the adoption of codified acts, as well as differentiation in the legal regulation of labor relations of temporary and seasonal workers. The fourth period is characterized by changes in state-legal methods of economic management. With the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation labor legislation was assigned to the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its subjects. It is concluded that the adoption of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation necessitates a more accurate study of the problems arising in the application of specific rules of law governing the peculiarities of labor of certain categories of workers (for example, labor relations with persons with disabilities are not yet perfect because of the youth of the labor law), conflict of laws issues arising in practice, contradictions that occur in a huge array of legal documents not only in labor law, but also in other branches of law.



Author(s):  
Leonid Mohilevskyi ◽  
◽  
Olha Sіevidova ◽  

The Public Prosecutor's Office in Ukraine plays a major role in the protection of human rights and freedom, of general interests of the society and the country, and in the strengthening of law and order, thus facilitating the establishment and development of the democratic constitutional state. The effectiveness of performing the duties put onto the prosecution of Ukraine is directly dependent on the prosecutor's offices' employees that are empowered to fulfill their professional responsibilities. The legal status of an employee of a prosecutor's office is specified in the Law of Ukraine “On Public Prosecutor’s Office”. Although, some aspects of these employees' work activity are normalised in the general labor law. This expresses the principle of unity and differentiation of the legal regulation of prosecutor's office's employee's labor relations. This article researches theoretical approaches to the definition of the concepts "unity" and "differentiation". The unity of the legal regulation of labor relations is manifested in the legally established equality of all employees. Differentiation is not opposed to the principle of unity, but takes into account the characteristics of different categories of workers and working conditions to ensure equality. The relationship between the general labor law and the special law on the prosecutor's office regarding the adjustment of the labor rights of the employees of Ukraine's prosecutor's offices had been analysed. The key to effective legal regulation of labor rights of employees of the prosecutor's office of Ukraine is compliance with unity and differentiation. It had been determined that the differentiation of the legal regulation of prosecutor's office's employee's labor rights determines the mandatory and priority application of the special legislation norms. In turn, the unity of the legal regulation of prosecutor's office's employee's labor rights determines the subsidiary usage of labor legislation norms in cases of an employee's individual labor rights not being determined in the special law on Public Prosecutor's Office. Unification of labor law norms governing the labor activity of this category of workers will make it possible to achieve an optimal balance of unity and differentiation.



Pravovedenie ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-483
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Zajceva ◽  
◽  
Oksana A. Kursova ◽  

The study of the legal personality of citizens recognized as legally incompetent by the court is timely and relevant in the light of the recent changes in the civil legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the emerging trends in the development of judicial practice. In the doctrine of labor law, the legal personality of individuals is observed as an independent category of labor law, differing in this capacity from other related legal categories, in particular from civil legal capacity and legal capacity. At the same time, the labor legislation of the Russian Federation has made an unsuccessful attempt to receive the norms of civil legislation in relation to the employer — an individual who is recognized incapable by the court. At the moment, the Russian legislator with regard to the possibility of concluding an employment contract on the part of an employee recognized as legally incompetent took the position of “qualified silence”, which today can hardly be called successful for a number of reasons indicated in the proposed study. The study of the legal personality of citizens recognized as incapable makes it possible to assess the level of compliance of Russian legislation with international social and labor standards, determine the vectors for its further development and improvement in terms of optimal protection of human rights and citizenship. The main methods of the research were system and complex analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and a number of other countries and international organizations; Comparative method, which made it possible to compare the international regulation of the participation of incompetent citizens in the work activity with Russian labor legislation, as well as the labor legislation of certain countries of the near and far abroad; Method of expert assessment, based on the analysis of court decisions and scientific publications on the participation of incapacitated persons in labor relations. The results of the study are both theoretical and practical, and suggest some directions for improving the labor legislation of the Russian Federation on the participation in labor relations of citizens recognized by the court as legally incompetent.



Author(s):  
О. О. Коваленко

The purpose of the scientific paper is to characterize the correlation between the conceptual content of the principle of justice and the concept of reforming the labor legislation under the draft law of Ukraine «On Labor» with determining the prospects of future labor law of Ukraine. The author emphasizes that labor law rules, like no other branch of law, should be based on justice. This justice, once acquired at the cost of human life, has become so commonplace and commonplace that labor law rules are taken for granted and contain absolutely unnecessary ele­ments that can be changed, eliminated, ignored… But in reality, all of these are important. and the necessary elements of a single interconnected mechanism, the core of which is justice. It is noted that the disappearance of at least one element of this mechanism means that justice is fading, and is therefore inadmissible in labor law. It is concluded that the draft Labor Law is an attempt to replace the principle of justice with the right of the strong, and therefore it is alien to the modern world and national consciousness and has no potential for reforming the labor legislation of Ukraine.



2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (57) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Marco Antônio VILATORRE ◽  
Miriam Olivia Knopic FERRAZ ◽  
Lincoln Zub DUTRA

RESUMEN Objetivo:El estudio pretende una reflexión acerca de los avances y retrocesos en la protección del derecho fundamental al trabajo; una demostración de la interacción entre teoría y práctica para atender a la necesidad de transformación social; y una implantación y protección de los derechos fundamentales en las relaciones sociales, del trabajo y de las empresas. Metodología: A través del método hipotético deductivo de la revisión bibliográfica, con utilización del derecho comparado y del análisis económico constitucional del derecho del trabajo se buscará reflexionar acerca de los avances y retrocesos en la protección del derecho fundamental al trabajo. Resultados: El hallazgo obtenido de la investigación permite concluir que, aunque treinta años después de la Constitución brasileña de 1988, su efectividad aún encuentra varias barreras, lo que la convierte en una carta de intensiones. Como resultado, también es posible ver una frustración latente frente a varias regulaciones infra-constitucionales que corrompen, deconstruyen la predicción constitucional, distorsionan el ideal democrático y forman una sociedad justa e igualitaria. Sin embargo, como resultado, la investigación es esperanzadora con el texto constitucional, ya que existe un control de constitucionalidad y convencionalidad para garantizar la efectividad del texto de la Carta Magna, en particular la legislación laboral. Contribuciones: La contribución del estudio radica en la lectura constitucional de las relaciones sociales, especialmente en la protección de los derechos sociales, en particular, el derecho laboral. Por lo tanto, incluso si las leyes infra-constitucionales difieren del texto constitucional, existen medidas (control de constitucionalidad y convencionalidad) como mecanismos capaces de resistir a los ataques contra el ideal constitucional de una sociedad igualitaria, justa y solidaria. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Constitución; constitución del trabajo; fuerza normativa; derechos fundamentales sociales; derecho fundamental al trabajo. ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the advances and setbacks in the protection of the fundamental right to labor; demonstrate the interaction between theory and practice to meet the need for social transformation; and implementation and protection of fundamental rights in social, labor and business relations. Methodology: By way of the hypothetical deductive method of bibliographic review, with the use of comparative law and constitutional economic analysis of labor law, it will seek to reflect on the advances and setbacks in the protection of the fundamental right to labor. Results:The finding obtained from the investigation allows to conclude that, although thirty years after the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, its effectiveness still meets several barriers, which turns it into a letter of intentions. As a result, it is also possible to see a latent frustration in view of various infra-constitutional regulations that corrupt, deconstruct constitutional prediction, distort the democratic ideal and form a just and egalitarian society. However, as a result, the investigation is hopeful with the constitutional text, since there is a constitutionality and conventionality control to guarantee the effectiveness of the Magna Carta text, in particular labor legislation. Contributions: The contribution of the study lies in the constitutional reading of social relations, especially in the protection of social rights, in particular, labor law. Therefore, even if the infra-constitutional laws differ from the constitutional text, there are measures (control of constitutionality and conventionality) as mechanisms capable of resisting attacks against the constitutional ideal of an egalitarian, just and supportive society. KEYWORDS: Constitution; labor constitution; normative force; fundamental social rights; fundamental right to labor. RESUMO Objetivo: O estudo visa uma reflexão sobre os avanços e retrocessos na proteção do direito fundamental ao trabalho; uma demonstração da interação entre teoria e prática para atender à necessidade de transformação social; e uma implementação e proteção dos direitos fundamentais nas relações sociais, trabalhistas e comerciais. Metodologia: Por intermédio do método hipotético dedutivo de revisão bibliográfica, com o uso do direito comparado e da análise econômica constitucional do direito do trabalho, busca-se refletir sobre os avanços e retrocessos na proteção do direito fundamental ao trabalho. Resultados: O resultado obtido com a investigação permite concluir que, apesar de trinta anos após a promulgação da Constituição Brasileira de 1988, sua eficácia ainda encontra várias barreiras, o que a torna uma carta de intenções. Como resultado, também é possível ver uma frustração latente diante de vários regulamentos infraconstitucionais que corrompem, desconstroem a previsão constitucional, distorcem o ideal democrático e formam uma sociedade justa e igualitária. No entanto, como resultado, a investigação é esperançosa com o texto constitucional, uma vez que existe um controle de constitucionalidade e convencionalidade para garantir a efetividade do texto da Magna Carta, em particular a legislação trabalhista. Contribuições:A contribuição do estudo está na leitura constitucional das relações sociais, especialmente na proteção dos direitos sociais, em particular o direito do trabalho. Portanto, mesmo que as leis infraconstitucionais diferenciem-se do texto constitucional, existem medidas (controle da constitucionalidade e da convencionalidade) como mecanismos capazes de resistir a ataques contra o ideal constitucional de uma sociedade igualitária, justa e solidária. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Constituição; lei trabalhista; força normativa; direitos sociais fundamentais; direito fundamental ao trabalho.



Author(s):  
Andriyana Andreeva ◽  
Galina Yolova

The study analyzes the influence of artificial intelligence on labor relations and the related need to adapt to the legal institute of liability in labor law with the new social realities. The sources at European level are studied and the current aspects of liability in the labor law at a national level are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the challenges are outlined and the trends for the doctrine, the European community, and the legislation for the introduction of a regulatory framework are identified.



2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa S. Kirillova ◽  
Andrey M. Lushnikov ◽  
Marina V. Lushnikova ◽  
Askhat A. Bikeev

The article discusses some aspects of the digitalization impact on labor relations. It is concluded that the digital economy could not but affect the labor legislation, since it is economic relations and the nature of labor organization that largely determine the content and specific nature of labor legislation. It is noted that many scientific materials on this issue affect only certain aspects of the digitalization of labor relations. This is largely due to the fact that the digital economy development process in Russia began somewhat later, and therefore the first works appeared only at the beginning of XX century. However, there is already a reason to conduct a comprehensive study of the problem at the moment. The authors offer to start by highlighting some trends in the development of labor law that are caused by the digital economy. It seems that further work shall be carried out with the definition of trends to identify the risks of digital changes and develop the most optimal proposals for legislation. Based on the trend consideration results, their positive or negative impact on labor relations is noted. It is noted that digitalization opens up new opportunities for the organization of labor and employment, but it carries a huge number of threats to the stability of labor relations at the same time.



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