Liability in Labor Legislation

The study analyzes the influence of artificial intelligence on labor relations and the related need to adapt to the legal institute of liability in labor law with the new social realities. The sources at European level are studied and the current aspects of liability in the labor law at a national level are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the challenges are outlined and the trends for the doctrine, the European community, and the legislation for the introduction of a regulatory framework are identified.

The Transformation and Enterprise Architecture Framework

This chapter proposes the applied holistic mathematical model for geopolitical analysis (AHMM4GA) that is the result of research on societal, business/financial, and geopolitical transformations using applied mathematical models. This research is based on an authentic and proprietary mixed research method that is supported by an underlining mainly qualitative holistic reasoning model module that punctually calls to quantitate functions. The proposed AHMM4GA formalism, attempts to simulate functions to support empirical processes.

Developing Cyber Security Competences Through Simulation-Based Learning

The importance of cyber security competences is growing both in practice and in academia during the last few years. This chapter provides a current overview of the existing body of the literature in the field of simulation-based learning and the key cyber security issues. The author's primary goal is to develop a methodological business-oriented and evidence-based learning framework which will provide students or trainees with the opportunity to develop practical skills in the field of cyber security issues through a virtual business simulator. The overall intention is to provide a coherent framework that makes use of active-based learning and gamification to support the active participation of students or trainees. To meet these goals, the Reference Framework for Applied Competences (REFRAC) is applied. Taking into account that in 2040 ICT and internet will be ‘culturally invisible', cyber security competences will be a must for everyone. They will be critical both for personal and companies' survival in the turbulent and highly competitive digital environment.

Artificial Intelligence

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has gained attention from policymakers, universities, researchers, companies and businesses, media, and the wide public. The growing importance and relevance of artificial intelligence (AI) to humanity is undisputed: AI assistants and recommendations, for instance, are increasingly embedded in our daily lives. The chapter starts with a critical review on AI definitions since terms such as “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” and “data science” are often used interchangeably, yet they are not the same. The first section begins with AI capabilities and AI research clusters. Basic categorisation of AI is presented as well. The increasing societal relevance of AI and its rising inburst in our daily lives though sometimes controversial are discussed in second section. The chapter ends with conclusions and recommendations aimed at future development of AI in a responsible manner.

Artificial Intelligence and Ethical Marketing

In this chapter, the author argues that technologies will transform the marketing organization and reshape the marketing activities of companies. The aim of the chapter is to summarize the main challenges of digital disruption as well as to identify their implications to the legal and ethical aspects of digital and interactive marketing activities. The research aims driving this chapter are related to the identification of the main challenges regarding the legal protection of social media customers. Survey results about social media behaviour and cybersecurity issues are presented and discussed.

Ethical Aspects of Information Literacy in Artificial Intelligence

The purpose is to analyse information literacy to provide ethical insight into artificial intelligence. The methodology was based on a systematic literature review of SCOPUS, Web of Science, Library and Information Science Abstracts, and Science Direct. The results demonstrated that there are only a few studies about the topic, so there is a research opportunity about this type of literacy and its ethical aspects in the context of artificial intelligence. As a conclusion, information literacy is crucial to the development of critical thinking in technology use. Information literacy should be applied in artificial intelligence courses to discuss ethical aspects of technology.

The Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Readiness of Firms to Cyber Threats

Technology impacted the lives of millions of people with their home day-to-day activities. When the COVID-19 pandemic struck in many countries, there was a need to change both the mode of working with technology as well as to handle internet and online risks exposure. During the pandemic, cybercrime groups utilized the internet usage to commit cybercrimes especially by exploiting vulnerabilities of many applications, networks, and infrastructures. This study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the readiness of organizations to handle cyber threats in two directions: 1) analysis of CVE common vulnerability data before and during the pandemic period and 2) analysis of fuzzy logic data model designed to demonstrate the importance of firms readiness to cope with cyber threats. Results show that due to the significant increase in cyber threats, small firms tend to be more fragile to cyber threats than big ones, and they have to invest more resources to mitigate cyber threats. Findings and implications are discussed.

A Comparative Study in Israel and Slovenia Regarding the Awareness, Knowledge, and Behavior Regarding Cyber Security

With the COVID-19 pandemic, many organizations and institutions moved to e-learning and to e-working from home. With the increase in internet usage, the rate of cyber-attacks have also increased, and this was followed by the request for more cyber security behaviors from employees and students. In the current study, the authors explore the connection between cyber security awareness, cyber knowledge, and cyber security behavior. The authors measured the behaviors among students in two similar countries: Israel and Slovenia. Results show that students felt they had adequate awareness on cyber threat but apply only a few protective measures to protect their devices, usually relatively common and simple ones. The study findings also show that awareness to cyber threats mediate the connection between knowledge and protection behaviors, but only in the case that the knowledge is specific with regard to IT protection courses. Results, implications, and recommendations for effective cyber security training programs for organizations and academic institutions are presented and discussed.

Policy and Management Issues of Artificial Intelligence

The capacity for AI research, technology, and application is seen as vital to national competitiveness, security, and economic strength. In the last few years, several countries and regions have developed and released AI strategic plans, thus setting up a race to become the global leader in the field. The chapter starts with an overview of the latest development in AI legislation and governance principles. The first section begins with a review of available policies and strategies on AI by countries and regions. Some best practices in AI governance are presented as well. The specifics of AI ecosystems are discussed in the second section. Gephi software tool is used to visualize the mapping of the Italian AI ecosystem. The chapter ends with conclusions and recommendations aimed at the future development of policy and management for responsible AI implementation.

What We Should Have Learned From Cybersyn

Currently, a major topic is what changes will digitalization and the fourth industrial revolution bring to our society. It is clear that digital transformation of society and the introduction of new technologies will make many jobs obsolete. This process logically leads to the idea of a universal basic income (UBI). In this respect, the socialist project, Cybersyn, is of great interest because it constituted a prototype of a data- and people-related idea to solve this problem. The aim was to increase the country's production, while counteracting rising unemployment through a socialist paradigm, which is obviously pertinent to the development of Industry 4.0. Although Cybersyn can be considered as an early prototype and catalyst, today's exponentially greater computational power has made such systems real, and humans are often excluded from them. Human beings are also positively affected by digital transformation. Herein, the current work contributes to the ethical debate concerning the digital transformation of society.