Holocene History of the Northern Range Limits of Some Trees and Shrubs in Russia

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin V. Kremenetski ◽  
Leopold D. Sulerzhitsky ◽  
Rashit Hantemirov
Keyword(s):  
Range Limits ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

scholarly journals Vegetation and climate dynamics in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (NW Pakistan), inferred from the pollen record of the Kabal Valley in Swat District during the last 3300 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-163
Author(s):  
Farooq Jan ◽  
Lisa Schüler ◽  
Fayaz Asad ◽  
Hermann Behling
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation History ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
History Of ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

Abstract We present a pollen-based palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the past 3300 years in the Kabal Valley of Swat District in the Hindu Kush mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, north-western Pakistan. We studied the pollen record from 38 samples taken from a 150 cm long radiocarbon-dated sediment core in order to analyse the vegetation history of the area. Only the upper 76 cm of the core, with 20 samples recording the last 3300 years, had sufficiently preserved pollen. Conifers such as Pinus, Picea, Abies, Cedrus and Taxus, and herbs belonging to Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Amaranthaceae were found consistently throughout the period, at varying abundance. The vegetation reconstruction revealed that Cyperaceae and Poaceae dominated the conifers from 3300 to 300 cal yr BP. The decrease in herbaceous vegetation (mainly Poaceae) from 2400 to 1500 cal yr BP, and its increase from 1500 to 1200 cal yr BP, indicate contraction followed by expansion of grassland in the Kabal Valley of Swat, pointing to corresponding dry-cool and wet-warm periods. Herbs were abundant in most samples from 900 to 300 cal yr BP. This change from conifer forest to open grassland can be attributed to the more pronounced impact of widespread deforestation, agricultural activity and a drier summer climate. Evergreen trees and shrubs such as Oleaceae, Myrtaceae, Moraceae species, Juglans and Dodonaea dominated and were constant from 2400 cal yr BP to the present. Conifers such as Pinus, Taxus, Picea, Abies and Cedrus were frequent in the study area from 300 cal yr BP to the present. Today these conifers occur mostly in mixed coniferous forests at higher elevation in the alpine area.

scholarly journals On the Pliocene Flora of Transcaucasia

1922 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
J. W. Palibin
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Fagus Orientalis ◽  
Beech Tree ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Caucasus ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

It is well known that the existing flora of Western Caucasia is of great interest from the point of view of the origin of the floras of Europe and Asia, as in it have survived to this day numerous types of plants which were widely spread over the Northern Hemisphere during Tertiary times. The Palæontological history of the Tertiary Flora of the Caucasus is very meagre. The Pliocene Flora of the Caucasus is discussed by me in my work on the presence of the leaves of the recent Caucasus beech-tree (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and some other species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the Pliocene beds, the so-called “Aktschagyl Series”, of the Elisapethpol province. It is worthy of remark that the wood was found in seams interstratified with beds rich in well-preserved Pliocene shells, which could be determined with certainty. It was proved that in the southern Caucasus there existed in Pliocene times the same species of beech as at present.

Dr John Brickell's Catalogue of American Trees and Shrubs (1739): A bibliographic misadventure

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
MARCUS B. SIMPSON
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Natural History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Dr John Brickell, the obscure author/compiler of the Natural History of North-Carolina (1737), has long been credited with a second work, commonly cited as A Catalogue of American Trees and Shrubs which will endure the Climate of England (1739). Careful review of the available data suggests that this attribution may have resulted from an error in Robert Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica, in which a broadside catalogue sheet bearing the title, issued by plant nurseryman Christopher Gray, was mistakenly credited to Brickell.

scholarly journals XXI. Observations and experiments on a wax-like substance, resembling the Pé-la of the Chinese, collected at Madras by Dr. Anderson, and called by him white lac

1794 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 383-401 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

I. Some Observations relative to the natural History of the insect which secretes a Sort of wax, called white Lac. The matter which is the subject of the following observations and experiments, was first noticed by Dr. Anderson of Madras, about the year 1786, in a letter to the governor and council of that place, when he says, nests of insects resembling small cowry shells were brought to him from the woods by the natives, who eat them with avidity. These supposed nests he shortly afterwards discovered to be the coverings of the females of an undescribed species of coccus; and having noticed, in the Abbé Grosier's Account of China, that the Chinese collect a kind of wax, much esteemed by them, under the name of Pé-la, from a coccus deposited for the purpose of breeding on certain shrubs, and managed exactly in the same manner as the Mexicans manage the cochineal insect, he followed the same process with his new insects, and shortly found means to propagate them with great facility on several of the trees and shrubs growing in his neighbourhood. On examining the substance, he observed in it a very considerable resemblance to bees wax; and noticed, moreover, that the animal which secretes it provides itself, by some means or other, with a small quantity of honey, resembling that produced by our bees; and he complains in one of his letters, that the children whom he employed to gather it were tempted by its sweetness to eat so much of what they collected, as to diminish materially the produce of his crop. It is also believed that the white lac possesses medicinal qualities.

scholarly journals Assessment of the national significance «Skala-Podilsky park» park-memories and landscaping art green plantations conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Bidolakh ◽  
V. S. Kuziovych ◽  
Yu. G. Hrynyuk ◽  
S. M. Pidkhovna ◽  
O. B. Tymanska
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Landscape Art ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Human Habitat ◽  
Historical Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Significance ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Green plantations of ancient park not just only an important ecological component of human habitat, but also a cultural and historical factor of national identity. The history of Ternopil landscape art demonstrates the close links of Ukrainian culture with Polish, Lithuanian and Western European. Galicia is rich in architectural monuments of the past: fortresses, castles, defensive ramparts, courtyards, fortifications, fortified monasteries and temples, estates and manors of the local nobility. Decorative parks, orchards, and collections of medicinal plants were established near such buildings. Most of the ancient parks have undergone significant negative changes due to turbulent historical events in the twentieth century. But some objects, although in a state of disrepair, have been preserved and need to be restored and maintained. Skala-Podilsky Park, a monument of landscape art of national importance, was founded at the end of the 18th century. In the future, this park was repeatedly reconstructed. During that time, many ornamental, fruit, berry trees and shrubs, including exotic ones, have been acclimatized here. During the period of Ukraine's independence, proper care of plantations was not carried out. Such way brings the destruction of the park's infrastructure and a reduction in the number of valuable taxes. A tax inventory of dendroflora was carried out to organize the territory and reconstruct the park-monument. The vital and phytosanitary condition of trees and bushes was determined there according to the Alekseev scale. 63 species of trees, bushes and vines were found during this research. It is established that the general indicator of relative living condition of park plantings makes 57,7% and corresponds to a category "weakened". According to the phytosanitary condition of trees and shrubs, 41% belong to the category of "satisfactory", 34% - "good", 25% - "unsatisfactory". Thus, a quarter of the registered trees need to be rehabilitated or removed from the stand. The received materials testify to the need to conduct counting and inventory of all ancient parks of Ukraine and to develop a system of their geoinformation monitoring in order to streamline revitalization.

scholarly journals Trees Outside Forest In Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Jacek Zajączkowski ◽  
Kazimierz Zajączkowski
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Trees Outside Forest

Abstract Increasing environmental threats to agricultural production and the stability of ecosystems have been observed on the Polish lowlands since the 1970s. Several hundred million trees and shrubs have been planted on farmland, mostly along roads and with the involvement of public agencies, with a view to timber being produced, and soil erosion and the water deficit mitigated. On the basis of over 50 years of practical observations and scientific experiments, recommendations have been drawn up as regards the structural and spatial features of new tree planting outside forests that maximize environmental, production-related and social benefits. This paper gives a brief description of the history of the active establishment of woody vegetation across agricultural landscapes in Poland, along with best practices elaborated for this at several scientific centres.

scholarly journals Ornamental perennials in small rural settlements: a case study from the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Ivana Barošová ◽  
Markéta Šantrůčková ◽  
Pavel Matiska ◽  
Adam Baroš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The history of a site includes not only preserved historical buildings, but also areas with an assortment of plants, which have been preserved for many years. Rural settlements make up 80% of all the municipalities in the Czech Republic, with greenery covering 50–70% of their area. There are dominant trees and shrubs and an herb layer. The herb layer has high species diversity and species typical of the area, but at the same time, its long-term survival is in jeopardy. The continuity of rural settlements has been disturbed since the second half of the 20th century. Rural spaces often become uniform and impersonal, without links to the surrounding countryside, traditions, and history. This study included a total of 124 perennial families within three studied regions.

scholarly journals Introduction of woody plants in the National Botanical Garden (Institute) “Alexandru Ciubotaru”

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (2(21)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile Bucatel ◽  
◽  
Ion Comanici ◽  
Alexei Palancean ◽  
Ion Rosca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The moments are brought from the history of the development of scientific research in the field of introduction of woody plants in Moldova and especially during the de facto construction of the first Botanical Garden (Institute) (1950) extensive research was conducted and created in the field of the Botanical Garden, collections of trees and shrubs (conifers and deciduous), including 110 species and varieties of lianas, 180 varieties and species of Syringa L.; 130 varieties and species of Rosa L.; 170 varieties, forms, hybrids and species of Junglas L. and Carya pecan Engl., 43 species and varieties of fruiting shrubs of scientific and economic significance.

A fossil pollen based reconstruction of the late Quaternary history of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia) in the western interior of Canada

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen M. MacDonald ◽  
Les C. Cwynar
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Relict Populations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quaternary History

Previous reconstructions of the late Quaternary biogeographical history of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) have been based upon inferences from the modern geographical distribution of morphological and genetic variation. These studies have led to the widely accepted conclusion that relict populations of the Rocky Mountain subspecies of lodgepole pine (ssp. latifolia Engelm.) persisted in glacial refugia located in northwestern Canada. New fossil pollen evidence of the late Pleistocene and Holocene distribution of lodgepole pine in the western interior of Canada contradicts this view. Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia migrated northward into Canada from refugia located south of the continental glacial limits and did not reach its northern range limits in the southern Yukon until the late Holocene.

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