New Global Financial Trends: Implications for Development

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepbany Griffith-Jones ◽  
Barbara Stallings
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
Third World ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Privileged Access ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Private Credit ◽  
Political Economic

One of the most dramatic political-economic changes over the last 15 years has been the shift in patterns of international finance. At the beginning of the 1980s, a select group of prosperous Third World nations had privileged access to an enormous volume of commercial bank credit. They could also attract fairly important levels of direct investment. For all practical purposes, finance was no longer a binding constraint on the development strategies of this group of countries. Although poorer developing nations could not rely on private credit or investment, many of them had access to substantial amounts of funds via bilateral donors and the multilateral institutions.

Sociospatial Transformations in the ‘Postsocialist’ Periphery: The Case of Maputo, Mozambique

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1463-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Sidaway ◽  
M Power
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Third World ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Capital City ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Portuguese Colonialism ◽  
Do So

As Mozambique was one of a number of Third World states that embraced Marxism-Leninism during the 1970s, the establishment and subsequent collapse of a socialist development project since independence in 1975 has had profound social, political, and economic consequences. Against these contexts, and through a chronological account which begins with the impacts of Portuguese colonialism and Mozambican nationalist responses, we analyse the contradictory impact of political and economic changes accompanying colonialism, independence, attempted socialist transformation, and the end of socialism in Mozambique as they are mediated through the built environment of the Mozambican capital city of Maputo. The combined political, social, and cultural facets within these transformations and continuities are evident throughout the account and we specify some of the ways in which these are intertwined with the political economy of urbanization. In the conclusion we reconsider what the changing trajectory of Maputo represents in global and comparative terms. We do so with reference to debates about the changing forms of international capitalist regulation and the reconfiguration of dependency.

Empowering as a Missional Concept vs. Empowerment as a Political Ideology

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amon Eddie Kasambala
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Third World ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Christian Mission ◽  
Triune God ◽  
Ideological Perspective ◽  
Developed World

AbstractThe article contrasts the meaning of empowerment in a political ideological perspective with a Christian mission understanding of empowering as a process of reaching out to the other with the love of the triune God; Father, Son and Holy Spirit. It is argued that as far as the developing world is concerned there are many reasons for an empowering process in Christian mission, and one of them is an existing identity crisis facing churches in the developing countries (sometimes referred to as third world churches). The article also undertakes to work with a proposition that states that the solution to a perceived paternalism from the churches in the developed world over those in developing nations does not necessary lie in a moratorium call, however, it should be found in embracing a notion of empowering that creates an attitude of partnership between both churches. Three basic principles are proposed that should under gird this process; namely, Unconditional acceptance, Unconditional respect, Unconditional dignity. An African tale is given to illustrate the basic working assumptions and presuppositions of this article.

scholarly journals The financialization of Danish cooperatives and the debasement of a collective housing good

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Hojer Bruun
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Housing Cooperatives ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Public Sharing ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic

The article tells the story of Danish cooperative housing’s radical transformation from a collective housing good and commons to a financialized asset during the 2000s when neoliberal housing reforms were introduced and the mortgage finance market was deregulated. Processes of financialization of collectively owned housing have to be understood not only in relation to the dynamics of the surrounding housing market and political-economic changes but also to the communities and social relations that they presuppose and feed off, often in contradictory ways, as people are motivated by both solidarity and private interests. Housing cooperatives have existed as a form of collective housing throughout the 20th century, balanced, on the one hand, between the reproduction of kin, family and local communities and the common good and, on the other, between the market and the reproduction of the base for both families, local communities and the larger public sharing the housing commons. During the 2000s, processes of financialization brought the market and the cooperatives’ base so close together, primarily through new mortgaging opportunities, that families and communities have lost their savings and the base has been undermined, both in a material and an immaterial sense.

12. Conclusion: histories of the future

2019 ◽  
pp. 256-274
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bowling ◽  
Robert Reiner ◽  
James Sheptycki
Keyword(s):  
Social Democracy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Police Powers ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Economic

The concluding chapter pulls together the implications of the earlier chapters of this book for an assessment of where policing is heading, and what is to be done to achieve greater effectiveness, fairness, and justice. It seeks to answer eight specific questions: What is policing? Who does it? What do police do? What are police powers? What social functions do they achieve? How does policing impact on different groups? By whom are the police themselves policed? How can policing practices be understood? It considers technological, cultural, social, political, economic changes and their implications for crime, order, and policing. It also examines the multifaceted reorientation of police thinking, especially shifts in the theory and practice of policing in the 1990s that included the rhetoric of consumerism. The chapter considers the limits of police reform and the implications of neo-liberalism for the police before concluding with a call for policing based on the principles of social democracy.

Strategy of Accounting Automation

2010 ◽  
pp. 259-276
Author(s):  
Khaled Dahawy
Keyword(s):  
Developing Nations ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
A Company

Decisions relating to choice and implementation of computerized accounting systems differ dramatically between developed and developing nations in respect to the cultural, political, economic, and environmental factors. This study aims to assess the implementation of accounting information system in a company in a developing nation; Egypt. The case indicates the importance of the integration of accounting and technology. However, in a developing nation like Egypt, characterized with over population and high unemployment, automation becomes a very sensitive issue. Therefore, there is a need for strong management support and commitment to insure successful implementation. Developing countries, especially Egypt, should direct its companies to increase its dependence on Information Communication Technology (ICT). As the case shows there are many benefits that ICT can offer to the individual companies. If each individual company can become more efficient and effective the whole economy will be better and will be able to utilize scare resources more efficiently and effectively.

scholarly journals Tracing livelihood trajectories: Patterns of livelihood adaptations in rural communities in eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Phu Doma Lama ◽  
Per Becker ◽  
Johan Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Mountain Communities ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Political Economic

Mountain communities are adapting their livelihoods to a complex combination of social, political and economic changes and associated risks. Despite recognition of adaption in response to multiple changes in sustainable livelihood and critical climate change literature, risks attributed to biophysical effects of climate change have increasingly assumed importance. Consequently, diversification is promoted as an adaptive approach to reduce such risks. However, understanding livelihood adaptation from the vantage point of climate change alone might lead to a limited understanding of non-climatic factors also shaping it. This paper proposes understanding adaptation through analysing long-term livelihood changes and using society rather than climate change as a conceptual starting point. It argues that such an approach has better potential to highlight a broader range of dynamic drivers operating over decades and to inform contextually grounded rural livelihood adaptation policies. Changes are traced in the overall livelihood trajectories among four rural communities in Nepal, in living memory, to understand the role of adaptation in shaping it. Qualitative life narratives were collected and complemented by key informant interviews, field observations and the analysis of official documents. The findings suggest that livelihoods have shifted not only from subsistence towards income generation but also from engagement in diverse livelihood sectors towards specialisation; the opposite of the advocated diversification. The role of political, economic, social and cultural processes within and outside the community has been prominent in shaping this trajectory.

Development Journalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne T. Chua
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Third World ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
New Journalism ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Cherry Picking ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
Political Economic

The term “development journalism” is five decades old. But if the volume of academic research was the lone measure of its reach and impact, then one may erroneously conclude that this field of journalism has hardly had any reach and impact at all. There is a paucity of scholarly studies for a genre that has proliferated across three continents and was once touted as the new journalism for Third World countries. Existing literature points to two main patterns. One sees scholars pitted against each other on what development journalism is and ought to be. The reason: diverse, even opposing, variations of this genre of journalism have emerged according to social, political, economic, and cultural variations in a country or region. The original ideals of development journalism, which requires independent, critical evaluation of the process of development, have been replaced by justifications for a state-controlled media in authoritarian states being passed off as development journalism. That explains the second pattern: studies tend to diverge rather than converge on the concept of development journalism. Over the years, calls have been made to standardize the notion of development journalism or, failing that, to revamp the entire concept. Until that happens, scholars embarking on the study of development journalism need to bear in mind the different approaches and practices, and avoid cherry-picking components that will distort findings. The approaches range from development journalists as willing partners of government (statist) to watchdogs (investigative) and from interventionist (participatory or emancipatory) to guardians of transparency. Within the range are more variants or combinations. The bright side is that there is agreement on some of the essentials for development journalism: emphasis on the process of development to bring about social change (communitarian).

The Debt Crisis: Winners & Losers

Worldview ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Isebill V. Gruhn
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Third World ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
Special Drawing ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Special Drawing Rights

By now the origins of the debt crisis—too much borrowing by Third World countries and too much lending by banks and industrialized nations—are reasonably well understood. What has only just begun is a flood of scholarly articles and muckraking journalism about the collusion between various parties pursuing narrow profits rather than the wider public interest.It is perhaps both natural and understandable that most of these analyses and commentaries are focusing on the complexity of the problem and offering complicated cures. After all, the number and variety of countries in debt is large and growing. Similarly, the number of public, private, bilateral, and multilateral institutions involved in the crisis constitutes a mind-boggling alphabet soup. The jargon too is forbidding. There is financing and refinancing, scheduling and rescheduling, Special Drawing Rights and Structural Adjustment, to mention only what every newspaper reader has to struggle through. And there is the umbrella term conditionality, which, of course, is difficult to understand in the intricate detail of its application, implementation, and implication.

The Buddhist and the Secular

Worldview ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Ralph Buultjens
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Third World ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Global Events ◽  
The Third World

Religion and the process of modernization have encountered each other with dramatic consequences in various parts of the world. Southeast Asia is now undergoing such an encounter, with consequences still to be determined. For Buddhism presents itself in this encounter in ways that are quite different from those of other religions.Recent trends in international politics suggest the beginnings of a new relationship between the industrial nations of the world and the Third World countries. The traditional worldview of the affluent—in which developing nations were assigned a secondary or supporting role—has undergone a radical change as these states increasingly influence global events.

Political Systems and Development in the Third World: New Directions for Social Science Research in Asia

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-499 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Third World ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The People ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Political Economic

Starting from the fact, well-established by now, that conventional social sciences, developed in a specific social/cultural/political/economic context, cannot be relied upon to explain, analyse and understand the social dynamics in different contexts - let alone to predict the outcome of this dynamics - this paper outlines the agenda for research in social sciences in Third World countries. It identifies the areas of research and goes on to emphasize the need for evolving an alternative theory of development which, instead of insisting on industrialization and modernization at all costs, takes into account the historical and social factors in each society and sets itself goals that are both desirable and viable, and comes to grips with the needs and aspirations of the people.

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