The Rôle and Management of the Federal Statistical System

The profusion of American statistics is a frequent source of astonishment to statisticians of other nations. Statistics are assembled and published by official agencies at all levels of government; by trade and industrial associations; by individual business concerns; by the church, universities, and the press; by professional research organizations; by a multitude of societies and associations with innumerable aims and programs; and sometimes by the plain citizen himself. Collectively, the statistical activities of the nation comprise a system in the same sense that the activities of four and one-half million business units comprise a national economic system.There is, in fact, a functional relationship between the national statistical system and the socio-economic order of which it is a part. The primary functions of social and economic statistics are to illuminate practical problems, to assist in the determination of policies, and to aid in arriving at administrative decisions. No sharp line can be drawn in these respects between public and private affairs. Statistics find their raison d'etre as tools, to be used by public officials and by all manner of private interests, and in each case to make some part of the socio-economic system work more effectively.

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Indian Civil Servants

10.1093/oso/9780198796244.003.0002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-46

Author(s):

Mark Knights

Keyword(s):

Social Norms ◽

Civil Service ◽

Civil Servants ◽

Public And Private ◽

Private Interests ◽

The Press

The chapter explores a case study of the 1829 prosecution by the young Charles Trevelyan of Sir Edward Colebrooke, the East India Company’s Resident in Delhi, as a means to illustrate many of the themes covered by the book. The case highlights the distinction between gifts and bribes; social norms that blurred definitions of corruption; the overlap between public and private interests; the reliance of Britons on native agents who could themselves be seen as corrupt; the ‘systems’ of corruption that grew up around powerful officers; the politics of anti-corruption; the role of the press in exposing or vindicating corruption allegations; and the ways in which corruption could be gendered and racialised. Trevelyan went on to help write a report in 1854 which is often seen as the blueprint for the modern civil service, and the interaction of Indian and British affairs is an important theme of the book.

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KONSTITUSI EKONOMI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Al-Manahij Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam ◽

10.24090/mnh.v11i2.2017.pp161-74 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 161-74

Author(s):

Syaugi Syaugi

Keyword(s):

Economic System ◽

Legal System ◽

The State ◽

Economic Life ◽

Legal Concept ◽

Economic Law ◽

National Economic ◽

Economic Ideology

As a constitution, the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 regulates how the national economic system should be arranged and developed. In the perspective of constitution, the implementation of sharia economy does not mean the state directs a particular economic ideology. Philosophically, the ideals of Indonesian economic law is to initiate and prepare the legal concept of economic life. Shariah economy has a strong foundation both formally shariah and formallyconstitution. Formally shariah means the existence of shariah economy has a strong foundation in Indonesian legal system. Formally constitution means, in the context of the state, Shariah economy has a constitutional basis. The existence of laws relating to shariah economy shows that the Indonesian economic system givesa place to the shariah economy.

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Lobbying for Changes to the Australian Reduced Differential Reporting Standard: An Examination of Public and Private Interests

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1985121 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Karen Handley ◽

Elaine Evans ◽

Sue Wright

Keyword(s):

Reporting Standard ◽

Public And Private ◽

Private Interests ◽

Differential Reporting

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780198786092.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jim Tomlinson

Keyword(s):

Public Opinion ◽

National Economy ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Turning Point ◽

Economic Management ◽

The People ◽

Economic Statistics ◽

National Economic ◽

Governmental Management

This introduction outlines how the idea of a national economy subject to governmental management was constructed in Britain out of the dissolution of the unmanaged economy of the pre-1914 era. It argues that a key turning point came in 1931 with the departure from the gold standard and the introduction of protection. But, it is argued, it was only from the 1940s that national economic management was combined with ‘managing the people’, through major efforts to shape public opinion on the economy. This chapter also summarizes the development of the major kinds of economic statistics which underpinned both facets of economic management.

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The Role of the Business Sector in Global Health Politics

The Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456818.013.23 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 385-408

Author(s):

Kelley Lee ◽

Julia Smith

Keyword(s):

Collective Action ◽

Global Health ◽

Business Sector ◽

Policy Debate ◽

Public And Private ◽

Health Politics ◽

For Profit ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Private Interests ◽

Health Related

The influence of for-profit businesses in collective action across countries to protect and promote population health dates from the first International Sanitary Conferences of the nineteenth century. The restructuring of the world economy since the late twentieth century and the growth of large transnational corporations have led the business sector to become a key feature of global health politics. The business sector has subsequently moved from being a commercial producer of health-related goods and services, contractor, and charitable donor, to being a major shaper of, and even participant in, global health policymaking bodies. This chapter discusses three sites where this has occurred: collective action to regulate health-harming industries, activities to provide for public interest needs, and participation in decision-making within global health institutions. These changing forms of engagement by the business sector have elicited scholarly and policy debate regarding the appropriate relationship between public and private interests in global health.

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Fiduciary Principles and Public Offices

The Oxford Handbook of Fiduciary Law ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634100.013.16 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 302-322

Author(s):

Ethan J. Leib ◽

Stephen R. Galoob

Keyword(s):

Administrative Law ◽

Public Law ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Public Officials ◽

Public Office ◽

Public And Private ◽

Normative Structure ◽

The Public ◽

Positive Law

This chapter examines how fiduciary principles apply to public offices, focusing on what it means for officeholders to comport themselves to their respective public roles appropriately. Public law institutions can operate in accordance with fiduciary norms even when they are enforced differently from the remedial mechanisms available in private fiduciary law. In the public sector, fiduciary norms are difficult to enforce directly and the fiduciary norms of public office do not overlap completely with the positive law governing public officials. Nevertheless, core fiduciary principles are at the heart of public officeholding, and public officers need to fulfill their fiduciary role obligations. This chapter first considers three areas of U.S. public law whose fiduciary character reinforces the tenet that public office is a public trust: the U.S. Constitution’s “Emoluments Clauses,” administrative law, and the law of judging. It then explores the fiduciary character of public law by looking at the deeper normative structure of public officeholding, placing emphasis on how public officeholders are constrained by the principles of loyalty, care, deliberation, conscientiousness, and robustness. It also compares the policy implications of the fiduciary view of officeholding with those of Dennis Thompson’s view before concluding with an explanation of how the application of fiduciary principles might differ between public and private law settings and how public institutions might be designed or reformed in light of fiduciary norms.

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