Public Reactions to the Growth of Taxation and Government Expenditure

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Hibbs ◽  
Henrik Jess Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Industrial Democracies ◽  
General Revenue ◽  
State Expenditure ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Cross National ◽  
The Welfare State

Opinion poll and behavioral evidence indicates that public resistance to the growth of taxation and state expenditure has increased significantly during the last decade in many advanced industrial democracies. This paper examines trends in the magnitude, composition, and consequences of taxation and government spending in relation to cross-national patterns of popular opposition to the expansion of the welfare state in five European industrial societies. The evidence suggests that the politically optimal system of taxation and expenditure relies heavily on indirect and programmatic taxes rather than on direct, general-revenue levies, and channels state resources toward cash transfers to households rather than into labor-intensive public consumption.

Union Organization in Advanced Industrial Democracies

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wallerstein
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Industrial Democracies ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Leftist Parties ◽  
Cross National

I suggest a new explanation of cross-national differences in unionization rates: the size of the labor force. Size matters because the gains unions are able to achieve in collective bargaining depend on the proportion of substitutable workers who are organized, while the costs of organizing depend in part on the absolute number to be recruited. The comparison of the costs and benefits of organizing new workers yields the conclusion that unions in larger labor markets will accept lower levels of unionization. Statistical analysis of cross-national differences in unionization rates among advanced industrial societies in the late 1970s indicates that the size of the labor force and the cumulative participation of leftist parties in government explain most of the variance.

Esensi Dan Urgensi Pengeluaran Pemerintah Untuk Pembangunan Daerah

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Luciana L. Nahumuri
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
State Expenditure

The essence and urgency of government expenditure for regional development is very crucial in realizing sustainable development, meaning that government spending must meet current needs without compromising the fulfillment of the needs of future generations. The higher the state revenue, the higher the state expenditure for regional development. Thus, an increase in understanding of government expenditure for regional development in a sustainable manner must be carried out with the principle of prudence in this country.

Canadian Exceptionalism: Explaining Differences over Time in Provincial and Federal Voter Turnout

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donley T. Studlar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
The Political ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Industrial Democracies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

Canada is unusual among advanced industrial democracies in having some provinces which regularly have greater voter turnouts for provincial than for federal elections. Provincial and federal turnouts by province in Canada are analyzed for the 1945-1998 period using multiple regression analysis, both for each set of elections and by comparing differences between the two. Federal turnout has declined over the years but provincial turnout appears to have increased slightly. Although the effects found here largely confirm previous findings about the relative effects of different types of variables found for the Canadian federal level only, several of the political explanations previously supported in cross-national research find less support. Instead, region, population density, months since the last federal or provincial election, and season of the year generally have greater and sometimes more consistent effects. This suggests the need for more studies of turnout in democracies at sub-central levels.

scholarly journals The Political Consequences of Labor Market Dualization: Labor Market Status, Occupational Unemployment and Policy Preferences

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-368
Author(s):  
Tim Vlandas
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Market Risks ◽  
Labor Market Inequality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThis article explores empirically how different types of labor market inequality affect policy preferences in post-industrial societies. I argue that the two main conceptualizations of labor market vulnerability identified in the insider–outsider literature are complementary: labor market risks are shaped by both labor market status—whether an individual is unemployed, in a temporary or permanent contract—and occupational unemployment—whether an individual is in an occupation with high or low unemployment. As a result, both status and occupation are important determinants of individual labor market policy preferences. In this paper, I first briefly conceptualize the link between labor market divides, risks and policy preferences, and then use cross-national survey data to investigate the determinants of preferences.

Inequality and the Carceral State

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Cross National ◽  
The Welfare State

Some of the most promising work on mass incarceration, the retributive turn in penal policy, and growing inequalities in the United States employs a historical institutional lens. This work has illuminated the origins of the carceral state and the possibilities for dismantling it, the sources of interstate and cross-national variations in penal policy, and the role of race, gender, and the transformation of the welfare state in the construction of the carceral state. Going forward, illumination of pressing political problems like the carceral state will require that historical institutionalism retain or resurrect some of the qualities that originally made it so distinctive—even if that cuts against the grain of the wider discipline of political science.

Turnout and the Vote for Left-of-Centre Parties: A Cross-National Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Pacek ◽  
Benjamin Radcliff
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Industrial Democracies ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

Political folk wisdom has long suggested that the electoral fortunes of left-of-centre political parties are affected by the rate of turnout. As is so often the case, the conventional wisdom has yet to be subjected to wide empirical scrutiny. In this Note, we attempt such an examination in the context of national elections in industrial democracies.

Medical Care in the Welfare State: A Cross-National Study of Public Evaluations

1985 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice A. Pescosolido ◽  
Carol A. Boyer ◽  
Wai Ying Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
National Study ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National ◽  
The Welfare State

scholarly journals Steel Management on Two Continents

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Harbison
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Steel Works

A cross national analysis of managerial organization and supervisory personal in order to highlight some of the similarities and contrasts in two industrial societies, U.S.A. and Germany. The following pilot study is limited to operating management and supervision of two steel works.

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