Family Farming and Household Enterprise in a Philippine Community, 1971–1988: Persistence or Proletarianization?

1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Eder
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
The One ◽  
Farming Households

The tenacity of family-farming householdsin agrarian economies experiencing capitalist penetration has long figured in a debate about the ultimate consequences of such penetration for agrarian social structure. On the one hand are those who argue that, while various forces may work to speed or delay the process, the most likely long-term outcome of the capitalization of agriculture is that envisioned by Lenin: polarization of the countryside into two opposing classes, capitalist farmers and landless laborers, linked by wage relations (Bartra 1974; de Janvry 1981). On the other hand are those who claim that, at least under some conditions, capitalist farming can stimulate small-scale entrepreneurship and socioeconomic differentiation, with the attendant persistence of small family farms (Goodman and Redclift 1982:109–12; Maclachlan 1987:16–23).

scholarly journals Long-term neurodevelopment in children born with esophageal atresia: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille E van Hoorn ◽  
Chantal A ten Kate ◽  
Andre B Rietman ◽  
Leontien C C Toussaint-Duyster ◽  
Robert Jan Stolker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
The One

Summary Background Although the survival rate of esophageal atresia (EA) has increased to over 90%, the risk of functional long-term neurodevelopmental deficits is uncertain. Studies on long-term outcomes of children with EA show conflicting results. Therefore, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of children with EA. Methods We performed a structured literature search in Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google scholar on November 8, 2020 with the keywords ‘esophageal atresia’, ‘long-term outcome’, ‘motor development’, ‘cognitive development’, and ‘neurodevelopment’. Results The initial search identified 945 studies, of which 15 were included. Five of these published outcomes of multiple tests or tested at multiple ages. Regarding infants, one of six studies found impaired neurodevelopment at 1 year of age. Regarding preschoolers, two of five studies found impaired neurodevelopment; the one study assessing cognitive development found normal cognitive outcome. Both studies on motor function reported impairment. Regarding school-agers, the one study on neurodevelopmental outcome reported impairment. Cognitive impairment was found in two out of four studies, and motor function was impaired in both studies studying motor function. Conclusions Long-term neurodevelopment of children born with EA has been assessed with various instruments, with contrasting results. Impairments were mostly found in motor function, but also in cognitive performance. Generally, the long-term outcome of these children is reason for concern. Structured, multidisciplinary long-term follow-up programs for children born with EA would allow to timely detect neurodevelopmental impairments and to intervene, if necessary.

Adjustment Disorder and Its Clinical Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giovanni Carta ◽  
Antonio Preti
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Key Words Adaptation ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Adjustment disorder is a condition of subjective emotional distress triggered as a consequence of a meaningful change in life. The diagnosis of adjustment disorder is hindered by the difficult operational definition of stress and of its related concept of “vulnerability,” by the problem of disentangling symptoms of adjustment disorder from those attributable to comorbid anxiety and mood disorders, and by the poor boundaries of the disorder with other stress-related conditions on the one hand and with common adaptation to life events on the other. Despite the high frequency of its diagnosis in clinical settings, there has been relatively little research on the adjustment disorder and, consequently, very few hints about its treatments. Several psychotherapies have been developed to deal with patients diagnosed with adjustment disorder, with inconclusive evidence on their effectiveness. Antidepressants may abate the symptoms and help patients reacquire occupational and social functioning. The medium-term outcome of adjustment disorder is good, with 70 to 80% of those diagnosed with it showing no evidence of psychopathology when reassessed 5 years from the episode. However, when comorbid with a personality disorder or a substance use disorder, the short-term risk of suicide may be increased. The long-term outcome of adjustment disorder seems to be worse in children and adolescents than in adults. In particular, adolescents diagnosed with adjustment disorder were more likely than adults to have received a diagnosis of a severe mental disorder at the 5-year follow-up, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder. This review contains 1 figure, 6 tables, and 52 references. Key words: adaptation, adjustment disorder, anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, treatment, vulnerability

Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of lung lobe torsions in cats: a review of 10 cases (2000–2021)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110548
Author(s):  
Catherine Tindale ◽  
Filippo Cinti ◽  
Matteo Cantatore ◽  
Alistair Freeman ◽  
Leonardo Cavaliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lung Lobes

Case series summary Lung lobe torsion is rare in cats. The aim of this multi-institution retrospective study was to describe clinical and diagnostic findings, treatments and outcomes of lung lobe torsion (LLT) in 10 cats. Dyspnoea and tachypnoea were the most common clinical signs. Pleural effusion was present in nine cats at presentation. Fluid analysis confirmed chylothorax in three cats. Nine cats underwent CT and five cats had thoracic radiographs taken. A diagnosis was made preoperatively in six cats, while in the other four cats it was made at exploratory thoracotomy. Affected lung lobes were the right cranial (n = 4/11), left cranial (n = 4/11) and right middle (n = 3/11). One cat had a concurrent torsion of two lung lobes. Lung lobectomy was successfully performed in all cases. Based on clinical, diagnostic and lung histopathology findings, three cats had idiopathic and seven cats secondary LLT. Intraoperative complications included hypotension and hypothermia in four and five cats, respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in six cats and lead to euthanasia or death in four cats, whereas complications resolved in the other two cats. Three cats were euthanased within 5 weeks of discharge. For the three cats surviving long term, including one euthanased at 252 days postoperatively, owner-described outcomes and quality of life were considered good to excellent. Relevance and novel information Secondary LLT associated with underlying thoracic pathology was associated with high complication rates and poor outcomes. Long-term outcomes of cats undergoing surgery for LLT and surviving the perioperative period were deemed good to excellent.

Adjustment Disorder and Its Clinical Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giovanni Carta ◽  
Antonio Preti
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Key Words Adaptation ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Adjustment disorder is a condition of subjective emotional distress triggered as a consequence of a meaningful change in life. The diagnosis of adjustment disorder is hindered by the difficult operational definition of stress and of its related concept of “vulnerability,” by the problem of disentangling symptoms of adjustment disorder from those attributable to comorbid anxiety and mood disorders, and by the poor boundaries of the disorder with other stress-related conditions on the one hand and with common adaptation to life events on the other. Despite the high frequency of its diagnosis in clinical settings, there has been relatively little research on the adjustment disorder and, consequently, very few hints about its treatments. Several psychotherapies have been developed to deal with patients diagnosed with adjustment disorder, with inconclusive evidence on their effectiveness. Antidepressants may abate the symptoms and help patients reacquire occupational and social functioning. The medium-term outcome of adjustment disorder is good, with 70 to 80% of those diagnosed with it showing no evidence of psychopathology when reassessed 5 years from the episode. However, when comorbid with a personality disorder or a substance use disorder, the short-term risk of suicide may be increased. The long-term outcome of adjustment disorder seems to be worse in children and adolescents than in adults. In particular, adolescents diagnosed with adjustment disorder were more likely than adults to have received a diagnosis of a severe mental disorder at the 5-year follow-up, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder. This review contains 1 figure, 6 tables, and 52 references. Key words: adaptation, adjustment disorder, anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, treatment, vulnerability

scholarly journals Middle and long-term outcomes of non-ring tricuspid annuloplasty in patients with mitral valve replacement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun Qian ◽  
Dou Yuan ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Yunfei Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
West China Hospital ◽  
West China ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Abstract Objective To evaluate the middle-period and long-term outcomes of one-stage non-ring TVP in patients with MVR. Methods 427 patients who received one-stage mechanical MVR and non-ring TVP from January 2005 to January 2009 at Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of West China Hospital; After screening, 400 patients were finally recruited, who reexamined by UCG 10 years after surgery.and recorded UCG data. Results The patients were followed up for 10 years after surgery. Compared with the situation before surgery,RV(mm):21.47 ± 3.14 vs.22.37 ± 3.28,TAEDD(mm):32.18 ± 4.94 vs.35.88 ± 4.07 and TESD(mm):25.90 ± 4.90 vs.28.12 ± 4.12 decreased significantly at 5 years after surgery (P < 0.05). However, RA(mm):49.35 ± 13.05 vs. 50.69 ± 12.90 did not change significantly (P > 0.05). LVEF (%): 61.54 ± 8.23 vs. 57.38 ± 8.87 also increased significantly after surgery (P < 0.05). Compared with the preoperative situation, at 10 years after surgery, RA(mm) was 56.90 ± 12.90, RV (mm) 23.12 ± 4.58, TESD (mm) 28.80 ± 5.14 and LVEF (%) 59.81 ± 8.95, all of which increased significantly (P < 0.05); however, TEDD (mm) was 35.41 ± 5.11, which did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Compared with preoperative situation, the ratios of severity of TR at 5 and 10 years after surgery improved significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion It is reasonable to use the tricuspid annular diameter in patients with mitral valve disease as an indication for one-stage TVP. The one-stage non-ring TVP is conducive to preventing aggravation of TR, so as to achieve a better long-term outcome. Besides, oral diuretics are recommended to treat TR after surgery for such patients.

scholarly journals Thrombolytic therapy for acute extra-cranial artery dissection: report of two cases

2001 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 936-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama O. Zaidat ◽  
Jose Americo M. Fernandes Filho ◽  
Gurwant Singh ◽  
Jose I. Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arterial Dissection ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Extra-cranial arterial dissection accounts for 10% of strokes in young people. Information on safety of thrombolytic administration in this group is limited. The literature, however, does not favor use of thrombolytics for myocardial ischemia when peripheral arterial dissection coexists. Based on the clinical and radiological features, two patients who presented with acute stroke secondary to arterial dissection were considered for thrombolysis. One of them received intra-venous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), and the other patient received intra-arterial rtPA. There were no post thrombolysis complications. This report supports feasibility of administering thrombolytics in acute ischemic strokes resulting from extra-cranial arterial dissection. Future larger studies are necessary to determine the efficacy, safety and long-term outcome in this patient population.

scholarly journals Better outcomes for depressive disorders?

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN S. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Psychological Medicine ◽  
Practice Development

Well conducted investigations into the long-term outcome of depressive disorders are rare. This issue of Psychological Medicine publishes two important papers reporting on different cohorts of depressed patients, one series from Japan (Kanai et al. 2003) and the other from Cambridge UK (Kennedy et al. 2003). Both were ascertained in the early 1990s and have been followed for 5–6 and 8–10 years respectively. Each study demonstrates methodological advances. Both invite comparison with previous reports of the long-term outcome of depression whose follow-up periods span the last 40 years. Is the outcome of depressive disorders at last improving in the era of modern treatments? Is this merely an artefact of better research methods, or does it also reflect therapeutic advances? If there has been very little improvement in some aspects of outcome, what lessons can we learn for future research and practice development?

Adjustment Disorder and Its Clinical Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giovanni Carta ◽  
Antonio Preti
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Key Words Adaptation ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Adjustment disorder is a condition of subjective emotional distress triggered as a consequence of a meaningful change in life. The diagnosis of adjustment disorder is hindered by the difficult operational definition of stress and of its related concept of “vulnerability,” by the problem of disentangling symptoms of adjustment disorder from those attributable to comorbid anxiety and mood disorders, and by the poor boundaries of the disorder with other stress-related conditions on the one hand and with common adaptation to life events on the other. Despite the high frequency of its diagnosis in clinical settings, there has been relatively little research on the adjustment disorder and, consequently, very few hints about its treatments. Several psychotherapies have been developed to deal with patients diagnosed with adjustment disorder, with inconclusive evidence on their effectiveness. Antidepressants may abate the symptoms and help patients reacquire occupational and social functioning. The medium-term outcome of adjustment disorder is good, with 70 to 80% of those diagnosed with it showing no evidence of psychopathology when reassessed 5 years from the episode. However, when comorbid with a personality disorder or a substance use disorder, the short-term risk of suicide may be increased. The long-term outcome of adjustment disorder seems to be worse in children and adolescents than in adults. In particular, adolescents diagnosed with adjustment disorder were more likely than adults to have received a diagnosis of a severe mental disorder at the 5-year follow-up, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder. This review contains 1 figure, 6 tables, and 52 references. Key words: adaptation, adjustment disorder, anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, treatment, vulnerability

P0596LONG TERM FOLLOW UP OF CONTRAST INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN A TERTIARY JORDANIAN HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Oweis ◽  
Sameeha Alshelleh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Other ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Observational Study Design ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background and Aims Contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is potentially preventable and reversable cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Multiple factors are associated with the development of CI-AKI, some are modifiable such as drugs, type and amount of contrast, others are not like preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure. Though it’s usually a reversable condition, there is increasing evidence of adverse long-term outcome (increasing morbidity and mortality). The aim of this study to evaluate the long-term outcome of CI-AKI on mortality, the rate of re-catheterization and the development of CKD. Method In a prospective observational study design, we evaluated all patients admitted for cardiac catheterization between June 2015 and January 2016. A total of 326 patients signed the consent to participate in the study. Patients had blood withdrawn 48 hours after the procedure for their creatinine level. CI-AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine by &gt;25% or 44 mmol/l from the baseline level (48-72) hours after contrast administration, without any other obvious cause. We used only low osmolality contrast media (CM) (Lopamidol, Bayer, Germany). Of the 326 patients included, 202 patients had their second sample taken, thus, were eligible to continue in the study. Patients were followed for at least 3 years. Results The incidence of CI-AKI was 14.8% (30 patients), for baseline characteristics see table 1. At the end of follow up; a total of 7 patients died; 6 in the non CI-AKI group vs. 1 in the CI-AKI group (p= ), though the difference between the mean eGFR was not statistically significant by the end of the follow up (85.4ml/min for the CI-AKI vs. 79.2ml/min for the other group (P=0.31)), but the decline in eGFR for the CI-AKI was significant ( a drop from 105.4 ml/min to 85.4ml/min vs. 85.2ml/min to 79.2ml/min, P=0.004). The rate of re-catheterization was not statistically significant between the two groups (61 for the non CI-AKI vs. 12 for the other group; P=0.63). Conclusion CI-AKI carries a higher negative long-term effect on eGFR, while did not affect the mortality in our cohort.

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