Sex in the Conjugatae and the Relative Frequency of the Different Types of Conjugation

1919 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
H. W. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Different Types

Dislocations in energetic materials. 2. Characterization of the growth-induced dislocation structure of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Halfpenny ◽  
K. J. Roberts ◽  
J. N. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Dislocation Line ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Induced Dislocation

The predominant dislocation types in crystals of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) grown from solution have been observed and characterized using transmission X-ray topography. The dislocation characterization, carried out by contrast variations, was aided and simplified by comparison of observed dislocation line directions with those calculated from the theory of preferred line directions of Klapper [Habilitationsschrift (1975). RWTH, Aachen]. With few exceptions, the dislocations observed were induced during growth. Eight different types were identified comprising all possible Burgers vectors up to and including (111). Of these, one was pure edge, the remainder being of mixed character. The relative frequency of occurrence of the dislocation types is discussed, together with factors influencing dislocation contrast and characterization.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Influence of Different Types of Nesting Materials upon the Welfare of Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Naomi Anderson ◽  
Bala Amarasekaran ◽  
David Riba
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Ensuring the welfare of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) is crucial, in part because they can act as a conservation resource in the case of wild populations becoming extinct. One strategy often adopted to ensure animal welfare is environmental enrichment. In this study, we investigated the impact of different nesting materials (leaves and branches, long grass, cotton sheets, and shredded newspaper) upon the welfare of chimpanzees housed at Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary (Sierra Leone). Data was collected on 20 subjects (aged 4 to 15 years) between November 2019 and March 2020. Welfare was based on individuals’ relative frequency of affiliative, abnormal and agonistic behaviours, as well as their social and behavioural competence. We found that individuals’ welfare was higher when presented with nesting materials (compared to the control and post-treatment conditions), particularly when given shredded newspaper, regardless of whether the material was presented separately or in conjunction with another. In addition, welfare was highest: during the morning (vs evening); in groups of older individuals (vs younger); with females engaging in less agonistic behaviours compared to males; and males displaying relatively higher behavioural competence. Our results support previous research that captive chimpanzees be supplied with destructible nesting materials, and demonstrate that synthetic enrichments can indeed have a more positive impact upon welfare than their natural alternatives.

scholarly journals Transition From Work to Retirement: Evidence from LEED

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Employment Patterns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Transition To Retirement ◽  
Part Time Work

Survey evidence suggests that the majority of New Zealanders would prefer to make a gradual transition from work to retirement, rather than move abruptly from full-time work to non-employment. This study describes the employment patterns and transitions of people who were aged in their 60s and moved from wage or salary employment to inactivity during the 1999-2005 period, using longitudinal data from the Linked Employer-Employee Dataset. Four different types o f transition to retirement were defined and the relative frequency o f each explored. We find that phased transitions, involving either part-time work or a number of transitions in and out of employment before the final exit, were far more common than discrete transitions from full-time work to non-employment. Men were more likely than women to take a traditional path from work to retirement. There were some significant variations in the frequency of different work-to-retirement paths across major industries, but phased transitions were more prevalent than traditional in all major industries.

DISFLUENCIES IN RUSSIAN SPOKEN MONOLOGUES: A DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Korotaev ◽  
◽  
V. I. Podlesskaya ◽  
K. V. Smirnova ◽  
O. V. Fedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Distributional Analysis ◽  
Fluent Speech ◽  
Filled Pauses ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Corpus Data

The paper addresses the overall distribution of speech disfluencies in Russian spoken monologic discourse: basing on corpus data, we investigate qualitatively and quantitatively how disfluencies of different types group (or do not group) with each other and how isolated disfluencies and their sequences are sandwiched with periods of fluent speech in the course of speech production. Self-repairs, filled and silent pauses, and instances of hesitation lengthening were annotated in a subcorpus of the “Russian Pears Chats and Stories” (RUPEX). A distribution-oriented typology of disfluencies was proposed that distinguishes between isolated disfluencies, disfluency clusters, and quasiclusters. We claim that disfluency tokens tend to cluster, as isolated occurrences are significantly less frequent in our data than it could have been expected basing on the relative frequency of tokens. This finding contradicts previous studies that treated disfluency clusters as a more marginal phenomenon, and emphasizes the importance of a distributional, rather than merely structural, approach to annotating disfluencies. Furthermore, individual types of disfluency tokens demonstrate significantly different distributional patterns. Compared to other types, self-repairs occur more often in isolation, while words with hesitation lengthening appear predominantly in clusters, and filled pauses most often group with silent pauses to form quasi-clusters.

An Analysis of the Out-of-Hours Demand and Treatment Provided by a General Dental Practice Rota over a Five-Year Period

2007 ◽  
Vol os14 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Portman-Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Out Of Hours ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Contract Type ◽  
Dental Emergency ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Periapical Periodontitis

Objective To obtain information about the frequency of call-outs, relative frequency of different types of dental emergencies that presented, and treatment provided between 1999 and 2003 by an out-of-hours on-call rota run by a cooperative of 12 dentists in Herefordshire. Method A retrospective analysis was undertaken of the data recorded in the on-call log of the cooperative from March 1999 to December 2003. Data recorded were: date of call, time of call, dentist on call, contract type (National Health Service, Denplan, other capitation scheme, private fee-per-item-of-service, or unregistered), time seen, nature of complaint and treatment provided. Results The log produced 1070 usable entries. The gender mix of patients seeking care was 61% female and 39% male. Most call-outs were on Saturday; the next most frequent days were Sunday and Friday. The most common presenting complaint was ‘toothache’ in the form of acute pulpitis or periapical periodontitis, which together accounted for 52.3% of all calls. The next most frequent complaints were: broken or lost tooth, lost or fractured restorations and fractured teeth, which accounted for a further 27.7% of all calls. The most serious presenting complaints, avulsion or postoperative bleeding, accounted for 0.5% and 1.3% of the calls, respectively. One hundred and ninety-six (18.3%) of the callers were not subsequently seen in person, 39 of whom were not seen because they were private patients who declined to pay the call-out fee. The other 157 unseen patients (14.7%) appeared to be happy just to receive advice over the telephone. Of patients who were seen, 62.9% were seen within one hour and only 9.2% waited longer than two hours. Some patients who telephoned late on a Friday or Saturday were happy to wait until the next morning. Conclusions The most common dental emergency with which patients presented at an emergency rota service was periapical periodontitis, followed by pulpitis and fractured tooth. The treatments most commonly provided were extirpation of the pulp, temporary dressing or advice only.

Migraine and Arteriovenous Malformation

Cephalalgia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (11_suppl) ◽  
pp. 345-345
Author(s):  
Pereira Monteiro ◽  
M.J. Rosas ◽  
C. Correia ◽  
Arthur Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Neurosurgical Department ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ihs Criteria

The authors studied the prevalence of headaches in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations followed in the Neurosurgical Department of the Hospital Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal. The methods used were headache questionnaire and clinic interview. The IHS criteria and classification were used for the diagnostic classification of headaches. From all the patients studied the relative frequency of the different types of headaches was calculated and compared with the general population data. A correlative study of the headache characteristics with the type and localization of the arteriovenous malformation was performed and the results are presented and discussed. Some selected cases of migraine type headaches associated with AVM are presented and the effect of surgery is commented.

The Study of Native Court Records as a Method of Ethnological Inquiry

Africa ◽  
1938 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De Z. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphWherever native courts have been established and maintain W records of their proceedings, there is available a mass of material concerning native law and custom which, properly regarded, may be of great value to the ethnographer as well as to the administrator. In Tanganyika Territory, from one portion of which the material for the present paper is derived, the making of elaborate records of evidence and judgements is deprecated at the present stage of development, as likely to interfere with the smooth working of the courts. A minimum is required of the names of parties, a brief statement of the subject-matter, and a short judgement signed by the holder of the court, be he chief, headman, or chairman of a council. Under such circumstances, a study of records will show, at the least, the types of social maladjustment which bring people to court, with the relative frequency of different kinds of case: the manner in which different types of case are viewed by the court, whether as offences against society or as affecting only families or individuals: and probably some general indication of the tone of the society. From this type of record there will be an upward range to the most valuable of all for the student, those containing a precis of evidence and a full reasoned judgement.

THE EFFECT OF CASTRATION ON CYCLICALLY VARYING SEXUAL FUNCTIONS IN THE MALE RABBIT

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Hornstein ◽  
Jan Erik Kihlström ◽  
Gunnar Degerman
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Cyclic Variation ◽  
Male Rabbit ◽  
Hormonal Effect ◽  
Exfoliated Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cyclic Variations

ABSTRACT One of the phenomena found to vary cyclically in adult male rabbits is the relative frequency of exfoliated cells from the urethral epithelium. Assuming that there is a hormonal effect on this periodicity, the authors have studied the relative frequency of different types of cells in urethral smears collected daily after orchidectomy. No cyclic variations in the frequency of these cells could be detected in the castrated buck. Moreover, the proportion between the different types of cells was profoundly changed. The results show that the frequency of these cells and their cyclic occurrence are regulated by the testicular hormones. However, the cyclic variation in body temperature described in a previous paper persisted after castration and has thus to be considered as independent of the testicular hormones.

Noun-Noun sequences and the complement-modifier distinction: a corpus-based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-107
Author(s):  
Carmen Portero Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Combination Frequency ◽  
Food Shopping ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Thematic Relation ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Reliable Basis

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to question the relevance of the complement-modifier distinction in Noun-Noun sequences. It will be argued that neither syntactic nor semantic criteria provide a completely reliable basis for the distinction between complement and modifier in the context of post-head complements or modifiers and even less so in the case of nominal complements or modifiers in pre-head position, i.e. in Noun-Noun sequences. More specifically, it will be contended that the distinction between complements and modifiers in Noun-Noun sequences cannot be held on cognitive grounds either. With this aim it will firstly be shown that there are different types of associations between the two nouns in Noun-Noun sequences, namely thematic-relation associations (e.g. food shopping) and peripheral associations (e.g. strip shopping). Secondly, evidence will be provided to show that, in spite of the fact that these various associations may correspond to our intuitions about the complement-modifier distinction, they manifest a similar degree of semantic bondedness and combination frequency. In order to measure the semantic bondedness and frequency of the different types of relations in Noun-Noun sequences a pilot study on a sample of Noun-Noun sequences will be conducted using corpus data. The relative frequency with which two nouns are combined correlates with different degrees of ‘semantic bonding’, which can be seen as a sign of cognitive relevance. As a result of this, it will be shown that, even in the case of relational nouns, the most frequent combinations are not always thematic-relation ones. In addition, some sequences where nouns are combined with other nouns denoting peripheral relations show a higher degree of semantic bonding than others in which they are combined with thematic-relation nouns. Finally, the distinction between complements and modifiers in Noun-Noun sequences will be addressed from the point of view of interpretation. In spite of the fact that thematic relation interpretations are assumed to have priority over property interpretations, this priority may be reversed by different factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document