scholarly journals The Society for Equality in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848

Slavic Review ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Deme
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Hungarian Revolution ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right ◽  
Revolution Of 1848

Hungary was a feudal monarchy at the beginning of 1848 and was part of the multinational Habsburg Empire. Although Hungarian publicists continually emphasized that the country could look back to nearly a thousand years of statehood and national existence, the foreign relations and the fiscal and military affairs of Hungary were directed almost exclusively from Vienna. Internally the country was governed by the native nobility, which constituted about 5 percent of a population of approximately fifteen million. The nobility exercised its power through the Diet and elective county assemblies. Nobles alone had the right to vote. Until 1844 they alone held public office, and most of them paid no taxes. The immense majority—the peasantry—lived in feudal bondage. The taxes of the serfs maintained the state, and their dues and labor services supported the nobility.

22. The Right to Free Elections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Rainey ◽  
Elizabeth Wicks ◽  
Andclare Ovey
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right

This chapter examines the protection of the right to free elections in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It discusses the provisions of Article 3 of Protocol 1 and highlights the increasing number of complaints of violations of this Article, which indicates that the Strasbourg Court is giving fresh emphasis to this provision as essential to the foundations of democratic legitimacy of the State. The chapter also discusses case-law on the nature of the legislature, electoral systems, the right to vote, and the right to stand for election.

Citizenship and Its Erosion: Transfer of Populated Territory and Oath of Allegiance in the Prism of Israeli Constitutional Law

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Saban
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
The Will ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right ◽  
Government Coalition

This article discusses two issues of majority-minority relations in deeply divided societies. The first is the legitimacy of the transfer of a homeland minority (or a part of it) — along with the territory it inhabits — to a neighboring kin-state against the will of the minority or most of its members. The second is the constitutional validity of legislation that renders citizenship or the right to vote contingent upon an oath of allegiance to the state or to its fundamental attributes. These two interrelated steps, advanced by a central partner in the current government coalition in Israel, are aimed at the Arab-Palestinian minority. This article’s main focus is the examination of Israeli constitutional law safeguards that may prevent the implementation of these initiatives, which I find to be very dangerous.

scholarly journals 100 Years after Suffrage: Just How Far Have Women Come?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Laura Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Color ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Suffrage Movement ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right ◽  
Jim Crow South

Women earned the right to vote 100 years ago with the ratification of the 19th Amendment, effectively ending the suffrage movement that had transpired over generations. Their hard-won victory doubled the American electorate and provided women with an essential right of citizenship of which they had long been deprived. Not all women were welcomed at the polling place, though, and the exclusion of women of color, particularly in the Jim Crow South, revealed yet another barrier to eventually be struck down. In the 100 years since women earned their right to vote, they have begun “outvoting” their male counterparts and emerged as candidates for office in every branch and at every level of government. Despite great success, women are still underrepresented in public office, however. This article examines the role of women in politics from the decades prior to suffrage to the months leading up to the 2020 election and reminds us that although women have made tremendous strides, there is still a long way to go.

22. The Right to Free Elections

2020 ◽  
pp. 610-628
Author(s):  
Bernadette Rainey ◽  
Pamela McCormick ◽  
Clare Ovey
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right

This chapter examines the protection of the right to free elections in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It discusses the provisions of Article 3 of Protocol 1 and highlights the increasing number of complaints of violations of this Article, which indicates that the Strasbourg Court is giving fresh emphasis to this provision as essential to the foundations of democratic legitimacy of the State. The chapter also discusses case-law on the nature of the legislature, the requirements of Article 3 in relation to the choice of electoral systems, the right to vote, and the right to stand for election.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TERHADAP HAK PILIH TNI DAN POLRI DALAM PEMILIHAN UMUM

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setiajeng Kadarsih ◽  
Tedi Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
The State ◽  
General Election ◽  
New Order ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military

In this reformation era, there were discourses on the recovery of the right to vote for members of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) and Indonesian National Police (Polri) in the General Election. The willingness of those recovery based on the development of democratization and human rights, that places the right to vote as a fundamental right that cannot be infringed by the state. The problem that arises are how the arrangement of the right to vote for the TNI and Polri in the Indonesian General Election when it viewed from the perspective of the political history and how the legal synchronization between the right to vote for TNI and Polri when it viewed from the conception of human rights in the context of a democratic society in Indonesia. Based on the results, it known that there are setback in the arrangement of the right to vote for armed forces and police in three periods. In old order, armed forces and police were given the right to vote in the election. In the new order, the Armed Forces were not entitled to vote, but the presence of armed forces in the realm of regulated political sphere in particular through the lifting mechanism in the legislature. While in reformation era, the right to vote and vote for members of the military and police were removed, so the military and police only carry out the state tasks without any political rights inherent in that institution. This indicates that the legal arrangements concerning the right to vote according to the perspective of human rights in the context of a democratic society is not yet in sync with each other.

Socialist vicissitudes on the right to work in France, 1848–1851

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-586
Author(s):  
Thomas Bouchet
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Revolution Of 1848

Abstract This article examines the different meanings given to the ‘right to work’ during the French Second Republic (1848–51). Although liberals painted all demands for this right with the same ‘socialist’ brush, denouncing them as vague and dangerously utopian, calls for this right were neither vague nor exclusively socialist. Those espousing the right to work held concrete, if differing, views about what duties it entailed and what its relation was to private property, political rights and the role of the state. This essay examines the views of socialists, non-socialist and labour associations on the right to work, examining how they changed in the course of the Revolution of 1848. As faith waned in the state’s willingness and ability to secure it, so, too, did preoccupations with the right to work, which gave way increasingly to associationalism. The right would not become constitutional until the Fourth Republic.

Introduction to Women's Political Involvement in the 100 Years since the Nineteenth Amendment

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-469
Author(s):  
Heather L. Ondercin ◽  
Ellen M. Key
Keyword(s):  
Political Activism ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Involvement ◽  
Nineteenth Amendment ◽  
Opportune Time ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right

August 19, 2020, marks the centennial of ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, which guaranteed that the right to vote could not be denied on the basis of sex. The Nineteenth Amendment did not radically transform women’s political activism; rather, it was a product of women’s political activism. Women won the franchise in a 72-year battle fought at both the state and national levels. By the time the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified, women had been voting for almost 50 years in localities where they already had secured the right to vote.1 The 100th anniversary is an opportune time to reflect on women’s continued involvement in politics.

The History of Women's Suffrage in Queensland

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Jean Stewart
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Women's Suffrage ◽  
Historical Society ◽  
Legislative Council ◽  
History Of ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
Women In Parliament ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Women’S Suffrage

In 2004, as the centenary of women achieving the right to vote in Queensland elections drew near, plans were made to hold a conference: ‘A Celebration of the Centenary of Women's Suffrage in Queensland and the Achievements of Queensland Women in Parliament’. The conference was about Queensland women in Parliament, a joint endeavour of Professor Kay Saunders of the University of Queensland and the Royal Historical Society of Queensland. The conference was held on Saturday, 5 February 2005 in the Red Chamber (the former Legislative Council Chamber) of Parliament House. Speakers were assembled to present a history of the attainment of women's suffrage in Queensland and to recognise the achievements since 1905 of Queensland women as politicians in both the state and federal spheres. The majority of those papers appear in this issue of Queensland Review.

scholarly journals Kuwaiti Women in the Line of Fire

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Lynn Maalouf
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right

On May 16th, 1999, Sheikh Jaber AI-Ahmed AI-Subah, the Emir of Kuwait, issued a decree granting women the right to vote and run for public office, "in appreciation of the effective and important role played by Kuwaiti women." With Kuwait having the only elected parliament in the Gulf, this move heralded a substantial step in the process of "democratization". Nevertheless, the Kuwaiti experience with democratization took a different turn, on November 30th, 1999, when the Kuwaiti parliament rejected this decree, depriving women thereby from their full constitutional rights, the right to become first-class citizens in their own country.

Metodologi Pengeluaran Fatwa di Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Mohd Faez Mohd Shah ◽  
Norhidayah Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Right

In the discipline of Islamic law research, strong proofing and clear Istinbat method are key pillars in the construction of Islamic law based on the application of the science of usul al-fiqh and maqasid al-shari'ah. However, what happens at the state of Johor’s fatwa institution is the opposite. The fatwa research methods applied by the Fatwa Committee of Johor in resolving current fatwa issues is not based on the right and true discipline of Islamic law research. In fact, current inputs related to fatwa issues are not explicitly stated in the method of determining the law either in the form of reality or scientifically verified. Therefore, this paper will discuss the fatwa procedures undertaken by the Fatwa Committee of Johor based on the methods applied in resolving current issues. The research methodology adopted is library and interview methods. This study shows that fatwa management and production in the state of Johor is placed under the jurisdiction of the Mufti of Johor’s Department. The methods adopted by the Fatwa Committee of Johor covers two methods, namely: internal research methods including literature review through the application of original source and proofs based on syarak. Second: field research method that includes an external review or going to the location of study such as conducting observation, questionnaires and interviews including referrals to specialists of different fields. Maslahah and mafsdah consideration are also implemented by the Fatwa Committee in every fatwa decision based on the standard that meets the interests of maqasid al-shari'ah. Keywords: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah ABSTRAK Dalam disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam, kekuatan pendalilan dan kaedah istinbat yang jelas merupakan tunggak utama dalam pembinaan hukum Islam berasaskan kepada aplikasi ilmu usul al-fiqh dan maqasid al-shari’ah. Namun begitu, apa yang berlaku di institusi fatwa negeri Johor adalah sebaliknya. Kaedah penyelidikan fatwa yang diaplikasi oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor dalam menyelesaikan isu fatwa semasa tidak berasaskan kepada disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam yang tepat dan sebenar. Malahan input-input semasa yang berkaitan dengan isu fatwa juga tidak dinyatakan secara jelas dalam kaedah penentuan hukum sama ada dalam bentuk realiti yang berlaku atau pembuktian secara saintifik. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan prosedur fatwa Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor berdasarkan metode-metode yang diaplikasi dalam menyelesaikan isu-isu yang bersifat semasa. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah melalui metode perpustakaan dan metode lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan dan pengeluaran fatwa di negeri Johor hanya terletak di bawah bidang kuasa Jabatan Mufti Johor. Metode fatwa yang diamalkan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor merangkumi dua metode iaitu pertama, kaedah penyelidikan dalaman yang merangkumi kajian kepustakaan menerusi pengaplikasian dari sumber asas dan dalil-dalil syarak. Kedua, kaedah penyelidikan lapangan yang meliputi kajian luaran atau turun ke lokasi kajian seperti observasi, soal selidik dan temubual dan rujukan kepada pakar dalam bidang yang berlainan. Pertimbangan maslahah dan mafsdah juga dimplementasikan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa dalam setiap keputusan fatwanya berasaskan standard yang menepati kepentingan maqasid al-shari’ah. Kata kunci: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah

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