scholarly journals Historical Knowledge and Historical Reality: A Plea for "Internal Realism"

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Internal Realism ◽  
Historical Reality

scholarly journals Science in History: Why Ernest Coumet [did not] Free us from Alexandre Koyré’s Heritage

2020 ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Hallhane Machado
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Closed World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Raymond Aron ◽  
The Revolution

In 1987, Ernest Coumet highlighted the presence of a “scientific revolution” in Alexandre Koyré’s works. When and where did the destruction of the Cosmos and the geometrization of space materialize in the authors she studied? In what work do we find the “revolution” for which Koyré is so well known? From unknown texts, at least in 1987, Coumet pointed out concordances between Koyré’s philosophy of historical knowledge and that of Raymond Aron – of Weberian inspiration – affirming Koyré’s famous concept of Scientific Revolution as “ideal type”. Which means to say that, in the works of the author of From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe, “revolution” is not a historical reality, but an interpretative horizon. However, a letter from Koyré to Aron discovered by us in the archives of this author, deposited in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, shows us the unsustainability of Coumet’s hypothesis. Nevertheless, it seems to us that the great lesson of his singular hypothesis remains, that of the importance of not neglecting the conception of the history of those who focus on the past of the sciences.

Knowledge and Reality in the Historical Epistemology

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Ilya T. Kasavin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Existential Philosophy ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Epistemology ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Status ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
The One

The article gives a generalized view of the historical epistemology and highlights its main problems: the nature of historical reality, historical knowledge and historical agent. The historical epistemology represents a special philosophical discourse, the purpose of which is constructing historical knowledge for cultural assimilation of the new historical reality at the intersection of science and society. A distinction is proposed between the position of a historian of science and a historical epistemologist in terms of the essence of historical event and historical fact. The historical epistemology reveals its boundaries and a position within modern epistemological approaches. On the one hand, it is the substantialist interpretation of the historical event, which loses its a priori status only by socio-epistemological explanation. On the other hand, a figure of the historical agent (hero and author) keeping the status of a theoretical fiction in historical epistemology, acquires the adequate meaning in the existential philosophy of science.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL REALITY IN THE LIGHT OF CONSTRUCTIVISM

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
R.Yu. Rakhmatullin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Valid Argument ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Radical Constructivism ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Constructive Realism ◽  
The Past

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the thesis «historical reality as a narrative». The relevance of the article determines the place of historical knowledge as the most important ideological tool formalizing the national and civilian identity. The originality of the article lies in an attempt to find a middle ground between radical constructivism and realism whilst explaining the phenomenon of «historical reality». Research methodology — constructivism. This methodology leads to following results: 1. Historical reality is always a construct that has an author with his political, moral, religious or other beliefs. Based on this, it should be taken into consideration that other researchers establish different and even alternative historical realities. Therefore, the story will remain as a multitude of competing stories. 2. The reference to historical facts as a proof meaning the correspondence of the narrative to the described event is not a valid argument. There are the following reasons for this: a) any story originated in the past is limited to a certain number of facts. Meanwhile, there are always some unknown facts that can significantly change the picture of historical reality; b) historical reality made of fact selection depends on the researcher and the goals he pursues; c) falsification of facts is often used in historical sources. 3. Every honest researcher creates his own narrative out of real-life events and characters, which makes it possible to assert his objectivity and the incorrectness of the radical constructivism methodology. But even the most honest researcher has personality traits that can be reflected on his work, which gives grounds to claim that realism is wrong. Therefore, the truth still lies somewhere in the middle and being represented by moderate constructivism or constructive realism.

scholarly journals Russian Legal Mentality: Experience of Reconstruction and Representation of the Phenomenon of "Snitch" meaning "Abuse of Procedural Rights" (Based on the Materials of Russian Legislation of the 17th-19th Centuries)

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
S. N. Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Representational Model ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Procedural Rights

Historical science shows a growing interest in the study of images of the past, images of historical reality; the reconstruction of mentalities is becoming a priority in the field of historical knowledge. The paper aims at finding (developing) methodological tools for a retrospective study of the legal mentality, as well as its subsequent representation.Historians and legal theorists are paying more and more attention to the process of forming concepts and relevant terminology. At the same time, the "supraconceptual field", namely the field of images, contains a significant potential for both reconstruction and representation of mentalities and historical phenomena (events). The concept itself is only one of the triggers forming images associated with it and partly generated by it. Legal concepts are the object of linguoculturology of law as one of its branches. At the same time, the author believes that the historical legal science should more actively use the appropriate scientific tools on an interdisciplinary basis. In terms of the reconstruction of legal phenomena, their image will help to study the phenomena that are immersed in the mentality of the corresponding era in a more systematic and comprehensive manner. In terms of the representation of legal phenomena, a well-chosen image recognizable by the recipient of the results of legal historical research can serve as a relay of "contextually packed" information (with elements of both rational and evaluative or emotional information) about a legal historical phenomenon.The paper attempts to reconstruct and represent the phenomenon of a "snitch" in the sense of "abuse of procedural rights" by means of a chronotropic, figurative model. The reconstructive and representational model is based on the image symbol of the trial as "roads-paths-tracksways" and snitches are considered as a "path".

Collingwood, Idealism, Realism, and the Possibility of Historical Knowledge

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-357
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Naive Realism ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Naïve Realism ◽  
The Real ◽  
Internal Realism ◽  
Theory Of History

Abstract Collingwood argued that most theories of knowledge in English, up to his time, had been based on perception and scientific thinking; thus, if true, they made history impossible. So how is historical knowledge possible? Collingwood argued that only an idealistic philosophy can account for the possibility of historical knowledge. Consequently he integrated with his idealist theory of history a forceful and damaging critique of the “naive realism” of his day. In this paper I defend Collingwood’s idealist answer to this question, demonstrating how he hoped to broaden the scope of English epistemology through his anti-realist philosophy of history. I also analyze a recently theorized and purportedly more sophisticated form of historical realism which has been theorized by Chris Lorenz. Lorenz borrows Putnam’s notion of internal realism to argue for a historical realism which can account for knowledge of the real past. I argue that internal realism fails as historical realism. Collingwood’s idealism is a better response to relativism as well as naive realism than is internal realism. I conclude that Collingwood’s answer to the question of historical knowledge – which as I show, is Kantian in character – demanded of him, and perhaps demands of us today, a break with the dominant philosophies of perception, truth, and logic.

scholarly journals MYTHOLOGEME OF THE PICTURE OF SOCIO-HISTORICAL REALITY IN THE PARADIGM OF N. HARTMAN’S ONTOLOGICAL EPISTEMOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
А.G. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

The article actualizes the issues related to determining the status of historical knowledge in the paradigm of rational culture. History, involved by a person in the process of organizing a picture of reality, is endowed with other qualities than it has objectively. The mythologeme that arises as a result of the synthesis of the known and the assumed becomes one of the attributes of historical knowledge, the function of which is to combine the images of the past with the cultural paradigm of the present. Mythologeme is defined not as an arbitrary reaction of the subject, caused by an excess of his imagination, but as a consequence of the processes of adaptation of historical information to the corresponding type of culture.

scholarly journals Genre of non-fiction works of Serik Abikenovich and methods of teaching it

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Aray ZHUNDIBAYEVA ◽  
◽  
Meyirgul MURALBEK
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Family Names ◽  
Historical Figures

The article examines non-fiction f Serik Abikenuly and considers of his work in terms of a time of events in a plot, characters, a historical reality of toponymic names and teaching of his written works. The author of the article relied on the critical opinions of scientists-researchers of the Romance genre, demonstrating an artistic solution and a reality of life. In the analysis of his written works, it was proved that the place, time of the event, the existence of characters in life was proved by the example of the works of other scientists and writers. The article considers S. Abikenuly's documentary prose that are contributed in reviving of historical figures, family names, secret legends of the kazakh steppe, heroes of the early xx century, the role of knowledge of the remnants of the past in the formation of historical consciousness. Teaching of a written work based on historical data plays an important role in the formation of historical knowledge and national identity of learners. Therefore, in addition to the analysis of literature, the article shows the methods of teaching it.

Dış Göç Romanlarında Temel İzlekler

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-317
Author(s):  
Burak Çavuş
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Guest Worker ◽  
Migration Literature ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
The Relationship

Bu çalışmada, 1960-1990 yılları arasında yayınlanan ve Avrupa’ya işçi göçünü konu edinen romanlar izleksel bağlamda incelenmiştir. Romanlardaki temel izlekler çerçevesinde göç süreci irdelenmiş, inceleme, göçmenlerin tanımlanmasında ve adlandırılmasında kullanılan Gastarbeiter (konuk işçi) Auslander (yabancı) kavramları ve Almanlar tarafından Türk kimliğine atfedilen çağrışımlar üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Göçmenlere yönelik politikalarda ve yaklaşımlarda onların nasıl tanımlandığının etkili olduğuna ve yazınsal süreçte de bu politika ve yaklaşımların belirleyici olduğu savından hareket edilmiştir. Bu noktada adlandırmaların, tanımlamaların göç olayı çerçevesinde biz ve öteki ilişkisi üzerindeki etkisine odaklanılmış; toplum ve yazın ilişkisi temelinde incelenen romanlar üzerinden göç ve göçmenlik meselesine dair çıkarımlar yapılmıştır. Bunlar arasında, ayrımcılık, kötü çalışma koşulları, hak ihlalleri, ırkçılık ve ötekileştirme gibi başat sorunların bu eserlerde merkezi konumda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Böylece çalışmanın amacı olan göç yazınını oluşturan temel izleklere ulaşılmış; sosyolojik ve tarihsel gerçekliğin yazınsal gerçekliğe aktarılmasında etkili olan unsurlar ön plana çıkarılmıştır. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH Main Patterns in Migration Novels In this study, the novels published between 1960-1990 and dealing with the migration of workers to Europe were examined in a contextual context. The process of immigration has been examined within the framework of the basic lines in the novels, through the concepts of Gastarbeiter (guest worker), Auslander (foreigner) used in the identification and naming of immigrants and connotations attributed to Turkish identity was conducted. The argument is that how they are defined is effective in policies and approaches towards immigrants and that these policies and approaches are determinative in the literary process. At this point, the effect of naming definitions on us and the other relationship within the framework of migration has been focused; there are inferences about the issue of migration and immigration through the novels examined on the basis of the relationship between society and literature. Among these, it has been determined that dominant problems such as discrimination, poor working violations, racism and marginalization are central to these works. Thus, the basic themes that constitute the migration literature, which is the aim of the study have been reached and the factors that are effective in transferring the sociological and historical reality have been brought the fore.

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