scholarly journals Jury Verdicts and Preference Diversity

2000 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Gerardi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Equilibrium Strategy ◽  
Correct Decision ◽  
Unanimity Rule ◽  
Voting Rule ◽  
Jury Verdicts ◽  
Asymptotically Efficient

I develop a model of decision making in juries when there is uncertainty about jurors' preferences. I provide a characterization of the equilibrium strategy under any voting rule and show that nonunanimous rules are asymptotically efficient. Specifically, large juries make the correct decision with probability close to one. My analysis also demonstrates that under the unanimous rule, large juries almost never convict the defendant. The last result contrasts markedly with the literature and suggests that the unanimity rule can protect the innocent only at the price of acquitting the guilty.

An investigation of book reading habits levels and correct decision-making styles in terms of some variables: A research on coach and referees

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-865
Author(s):  
Mihriay Musa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Correct Decision ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
The Universe

In this study, it was aimed to examine the reading habits levels and making the correct decision styles of basketball, handball, volleyball, and football coaches and referees in terms of some variables, the research was carried out with the general survey model, one of the quantitative research designs, the active coaches and referees of basketball, football, volleyball, and handball in İzmir, Denizli and Uşak provinces constituted the universe of the study, the sample of the study, on the other hand, consisted of 98 participants, 52 of whom were coaches and 46 were referees, determined by the simple random sampling method, one sample t-test at a 0.05 significance level was conducted to determine whether the sample represented the universe equally and homogeneously. Melbourne decision making scale I-II, and book reading habits scale were used to collect data in the study. Since the data are suitable for normal distribution, the t-test in comparing the pairwise means; parametric tests such as one-way ANOVA tests were used at 0.05 significance level in comparing the mean scores of more than two groups. In terms of education levels, it has been observed that female coaches and referees studying at faculties of sports sciences have higher levels of reading habit, love of reading, and being influenced by books. In addition, it was determined that individuals who trust and respect the decisions of their families have higher reading habits and correct decision-making styles and do not panic during the decision-making process.

Exploring the Differences in Macrocognition Between Experts and Non-CHD Experts Managing Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
Azadeh Assadi ◽  
Peter C. Laussen ◽  
Patricia Trbovich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Acute Management ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
The Face

Background and aims: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk of deterioration in the face of common childhood illnesses, and their resuscitation and acute management is often best achieved with the guidance of CHD experts. Access to such expertise may be limited outside specialty heart centers and the fragility of these patients is cause for discomfort among many emergency medicine physicians. An understanding of the differences in macrocognition of these clinicians could shed light on some of the causes of discomfort and facilitate the development of a sociotechnological solution to this problem. Methods: Cardiac intensivists (CHD experts) and pediatric emergency medicine physicians (non-CHD experts) in a major academic cardiac center were interviewed using the critical decision method. Interview transcripts were coded deductively based on Klein’s macrocognitive framework and inductively to allow for new or modified characterization of dimensions. Results: While both CHD-experts and non-CHD experts relied on the macrocognitive functions of sensemaking, naturalistic decision making and detecting problems, the specific data and mental models used to understand the patients and course of therapy differed between CHD-experts and non-CHD experts. Conclusion: Characterization of differences between the macrocognitive processes of CHD experts and non-CHD experts can inform development of sociotechnological solutions to augment decision making pertaining to the acute management of pediatric CHD patients.

scholarly journals Decision Making in Committees: Transparency, Reputation, and Voting Rules

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilat Levy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Career Concerns ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
The Public ◽  
Voting Rule ◽  
The Right

In this paper I analyze the effect of transparency on decision making in committees. I focus on committees whose members are motivated by career concerns. The main result is that when the decision-making process is secretive (when individual votes are not revealed to the public), committee members comply with preexisting biases. For example, if the voting rule demands a supermajority to accept a reform, individuals vote more often against reforms. Transparent committees are therefore more likely to accept reforms. I also find that coupled with the right voting rule, a secretive procedure may induce better decisions than a transparent one. (JEL D71, D72)

scholarly journals Characterization of Kentucky dairy producer decision-making behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 4751-4758 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Russell ◽  
J.M. Bewley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Behavior

Normative Weighing and Legal Guidance of Conduct

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-391
Author(s):  
Noam Gur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Reasons For Action ◽  
Correct Decision ◽  
Normative Force ◽  
Frequent Presence

Contemporary legal philosophers commonly understand the normative force of law in terms of practical reason. They sharply disagree, however, on how exactly it translates into practical reason. Notably, some have argued that the directives of an authority that meets certain prerequisites of legitimacy generate reasons for action that exclude some otherwise applicable reasons, while others have insisted that such directives can only give rise to reasons that compete with opposing ones in terms of their weight (an approach I will call the weighing model). Does the weighing model provide a normative framework within which law could adequately facilitate correct decision-making? At first glance, the answer appears to be ‘yes’: there seems to be nothing about law-following values—such as coordination reasons, the desirability of social order, deferential expertise, etc.—which prevents them from being factored into our decision-making in terms of normative weight that tips the balance in favor of compliance with law inasmuch as it is worthwhile to comply with it. This impression, however, turns out to be incorrect when, drawing on a body of empirical work in psychology, I observe that many of the practical difficulties law typically addresses are difficulties that have part of their root in biases to which we are systematically susceptible in the settings of our daily activity. I argue that the frequent presence of those biases in contexts of activity which law regulates, and the pivotal role law has in counteracting them, emphatically militate against the weighing model and call for its rejection.

Methods of Group Decisions and Aggregation of Experts’ Opinions

2011 ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Jirí Vanícek ◽  
Ivan Vrana ◽  
Shady Aly
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Theory ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Group Decisions ◽  
Correct Decision ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The Impact

Expert evaluation is often the most reliable way to predict results of a certain process. Estimates from several experts are usually needed in order to achieve correct decision making. This chapter presents and systematically sorts methods for aggregation expert opinions with respect to specific features of the decision making process. Based on information theory, the chapter introduces concepts for understanding expert consensusand also discusses the impact of suppressing/emphasizing extreme estimates or of unequally valuing individual estimates. This chapter addresses the estimation of YES/NO binary results as well as numeric values of a certain attribute and also considers cases when only an estimate or a dispersion of opinions of experts is considered.

Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Elvira Silva ◽  
Spiro E. Stefanou ◽  
Alfons Oude Lansink
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Dynamic Decision Making ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Decision Environment

This chapter characterizes production in a dynamic decision-making environment. The classic characterization of static firm decision making is contrasted with the dynamic decision environment where not all inputs are freely adjusted. The latter characterization is motivated by the conjecture that transaction costs are associated with adjusting the capital stock at a rapid rate per unit of time and these costs increase rapidly with the absolute rate of investment. In fact, these costs increase so rapidly that the firm may never attempt to achieve a jump in its capital stock at any given moment. Such transaction (or adjustment) costs have implications for the nature of the technology. This interplay is introduced in this chapter and serves as a foundation for the dynamic structure that follows throughout the book.

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