The Rebirth of Shiv Sena: The Symbiosis of Discursive and Organizational Power

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Fainsod Katzenstein ◽  
Uday Singh Mehta ◽  
Usha Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Western India ◽  
Religious Nationalism ◽  
Organizational Power ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Shiv Sena ◽  
The City ◽  
Power Project

In rally upon rally over the last half-dozen years, Shiv Sena party supporters have been exhorted to intone, “Say with pride, that we are Hindu” (“Garva se kaho hum hindu hai”). In Hindi, not Marathi. This incantation as a centerpiece of Shiv Sena events would have been scarcely imaginable in the early years of Shiv Sena. Both the stress on a Hindu identity and the use of Hindi in political sloganeering are indicative of a major shift in the politics of regionalism in Western India.This turn to Hinduism is what seemed to underly the outbreak of violence in Bombay on a scale never before witnessed in the city. In the winter of 1992–93, Bombay experienced the worst Hindu-Muslim conflagration the city has ever known. According to Human Rights Watch, over 1,000 people were killed, and tens or perhaps hundreds of thousands fled the city (1995, 26–27). It is a shift in which the once-local, nativist party in Bombay, the Shiv Sena, now finds itself the dominant political force in the state of Maharashtra, with a ready capacity to incite widespread violence, extract rents, and shape public policy and legislative initiatives (including the decision to first nullify and then renegotiate the Enron power project that recently captured global attention). This article attempts to understand the role of religious nationalism in the ascendancy of Shiv Sena.

scholarly journals “The most prominent and at the same time most harmful”: D. D. Bokhan in Wilno (1921–1923)

Literatūra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Pavel Lavrinec
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Central State ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The City

Publicist, editor of periodicals, translator of Polish poetry, literary critic Dorofey Bokhan is an outstanding member of the Russian literary life of Minsk and Wilno. His biography in the Minsk period before the turn of 1919 and 1920 is generally well-known. But the Wilno period (1921–1939) has not been studied enough. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the activities of Bokhan in Wilno in the first years after fleeing from the Bolshevik Minsk. The material for this study are newspapers in Russian, as well as documents of the Office of Government Commissar for the City of Wilno, Starostwo of Wilno and other institutions stored in the Lithuanian Central State Archives. The documents reveal a confusion about Bokhan’s year of birth: in some documents 1872 is indicated, in others – 1878. On the other hand, the date of Bokhan’s appearance in Wilno is discovered: he was registered at a new address on January 7, 1921. On the same day an edition of “Vilenskoe slovo” was released that included Bokhan’s first publication. Bokhan published articles, reviews, translations of Polish poetry in this newspaper. He also translated a poem by a young Belarusian poetess Natalia Arsenyeva and excerpts from the poem by a classic of Lithuanian literature Maironis “Young Lithuania”, as well as a poem by a Lithuanian poet Matas Grigonis. Bokhan translated Lithuanian poetry into Russian from Polish translations. Some of his articles were signed by the initials D. B., in some cases – N. Serebryansky. Feuilletons and poetic feuilletons were signed by the pseudonym Dodo and Vova Krutikov. The publication of the newspaper “Vilenskoe slovo” ceased in August 1921. In October of the same year, the “Vilenskoe utro” newspaper began to be published. The role of Bokhan in the newspaper was so great that the authorities considered him the actual editor, not the nominal editor Anatoly Romashev. In 1921, Bokhan became one of the leaders of the Wilno Russian society and headed the Literary and artistic section of the society. The literary and artistic section held numerous literary evenings. The authorities were suspicious of the patriotic character of the evenings. Reports on Russian culture were presented as a manifestation of disloyalty to the Polish state. The authorities saw Bokhan as “the most prominent and at the same time harmful” leader of the Russian press and the Wilno Russian society. Thus, in the early years of Bokhan in Wilno, he occupied an important place in the local Russian press and began to play a key role in Russian literary life. But due to conflicts in the Wilno Russian society in 1923, he withdrew from the society’s board and withdrew from participation in the Literary and artistic section.

scholarly journals The Early Years: Child Well-being and the Role of Public Policy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Schady ◽  
Pérez Expósito Ana ◽  
Florencia López Bóo ◽  
Sharon Lynn Kagan ◽  
Analía Jalmovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Years

Governmental Structure and Political Environment: A Statistical Note about American Cities

1962 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
City Government ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
City Manager ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

The commission plan and the city manager plan-new forms of city government launched during the early years of this century—were both devised in response to local circumstances, but were soon being heralded as improvements over the then universal mayor-council system. Enthusiasts for both of these new governmental structures claimed many advantages for them. The hopes for the city manager plan seem to have been somewhat better founded, but the passage of time has shown that both plans had limitations which the reformers did not foresee.Almost all of the early discussion about the relative merits of the three plans neglected the role of political environment. Proponents of the different systems deduced their arguments from “the principles” on which the plans were based. A three-year study of the actual operation of manager government in the late 1930s called attention to the importance of varying local conditions. “The tremendous variety of local political conditions and administrative habits apparent in the fifty cities covered by this survey,” the authors concluded, “makes it impossible to [give general answers to] many questions about the city manager plan.”

Worthy Objects of Charity

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-193
Author(s):  
Preeti Chopra
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Western India ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The City

The British colonial government received requests for assistance in the establishment of charitable institutions in Bombay in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This chapter underscores the role of the colonial government as protector of the European community in Bombay, in contrast with similar efforts towards native communities (ethnic and religious) in the city. In particular, it demonstrates how a study of Bombay’s charitable institutions provides a deeper understanding of what British colonials deemed as “worthy objects of charity” in western India. It is not simply the dichotomy between colonial engagements with charitable institutions for Europeans and native communities that is of interest. What is unexpected and enlightening is that the government's relationship with the charitable institutions of native religious communities---Parsi, Hindu, Muslim, and Jewish--was not always the same. Based on these varied engagements, this chapter reveals the colonial government’s complex and diverging ideas of “worth.”

scholarly journals Peran Pemuda dalam Upaya Pencegahan Korupsi dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Wilayah

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mifdal Zusron Alfaqi ◽  
Muhammad Mujtaba Habibi ◽  
Desinta Dwi Rapita
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Regional Resilience ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
Corruption Prevention ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTThis article discusses about the role of youth in preventing corruption and positive impac to the regional resilience. The research was conducted at Young Anti-Corruption Task Force Yogyakarta, Institution Hikmah and Public Policy, Regional Leadership of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The aims of this research are (1) to know the role of youth in preventing corruption, (2) to know the youth’s role in strengtheningt regional resilience, especially in the City of Yogyakarta. The results show that the Young Anti-Corruption Task Force has playing important role in preventing corruption in the City of Yogyakarta. The role were performed through three activities, namely (1) the anti-corruption education, (2) dissemination of anti-corruption, (3) oversee  to government. However, this role was not easily done because there were several obstacles encountered, there were: (1) effort this members still could not be optimal, (2) the lack of understanding problem of corruption by members. Some efforts had been made to overcome the obstacles. The role of youth in corruption prevention efforts had positive impact for the regional resilience in the City of Yogyakarta with criteria included aspects of ideology, politic and law, economy, social and cultural, and security.ABSTRAKTulisan ini membahas tentang peran pemuda dalam upaya pencegahan korupsi dan dampak positifnya terhadap ketahanan wilayah. Secara spesifik permasalahan yang diangkat dalam tulisan ini adalah peran pemuda dalam upaya pencegahan korupsi dan dampak positif peran pemuda terhadap ketahanan wilayah Kota Yogyakarta. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada Satgas Muda Anti Korupsi Kota Yogyakarta, Lembaga Hikmah dan Kebijakan Publik, Pimpinan Daerah Muhammadiyah Kota Yogyakarta. Tujuan tulisan ini ini adalah untuk (1), mengetahui peran pemuda dalam pencegahan korupsi, (2), mengetahui implikasi peran pemuda terhadap ketahanan wilayah Kota Yogyakarta. Argumen yang dikembangkan dalam tulisan ini adalah bahwa Satgas Muda Anti Korupsi telah berperan cukup penting dalam upaya pencegahan korupsidi Kota Yogyakarta. Peran tersebut dilakukan melalui 3 (tiga) kegiatan yaitu (1) pendidikan anti korupsi, (2) sosialisasi anti korupsi, (3), pengawasan kepada pemerintah. Kendati demikian, dalam menjalankan peran tersebut terdapat beberapa kendala yaitu (1), usaha yang dilakukan oleh anggota masih belum optimal, (2) kurangnya pemahaman terhadap permasalahan korupsi oleh anggota. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala tersebut dilakukan melalui berbagai kegiatan, seperti pelatihan. Peran pemuda dalam upaya pencegahan korupsi ini berdampak positif terhadap ketahanan wilayah Kota Yogyakarta terutama jika dilihat dari aspek ideologi, aspek politik, aspek ekonomi, aspek sosial budaya, dan aspek pertahanan dan keamanan..

scholarly journals STUDENTS IN LOCAL PUBLIC POLICY OF MODERN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-515
Author(s):  
N.A. Bazhenov ◽  
K.A. Punina
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Urban Amenities ◽  
University City ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the role of students in the local public policy of modern Russia. The specifics of students are justified by their social activities, which are supported by territorial concentration, community of interests, group self-consciousness, subculture, lifestyle, age homogeneity, which other social and professional groups do not have. The authors explain the possibility of students' participation in the public policy of the city by the provisions of the state youth policy of the Russian Federation, as well as by their status of full-fledged residents of a particular territory. Analyzing the socio-political activity of students, they conclude that as socially significant problems students can promote in the field of public policy interests related to their social status (benefits, scholarships, tuition fees, etc.), the organization of urban infrastructure (transport, social services, urban amenities, etc.), as well as their self-fulfillment and self-expression, which is manifested in their creative activity, appearance, behavior, etc. Local public policy in the logic of the research is a process of interaction between several actors to develop a joint solution to a socially significant problem, which is impossible to solve by usual procedures. Interactions of the actors form the field of public policy, and each of them tries to realize its own interest, using its own resources and agents for this purpose. Hence the main question of the research: who does the student act as, being a participant of the relationship "student-university-city"? The authors of the article have tried to construct various models characterizing the role of students in the field of public policy, which also involves the university and the city. Each theoretical model is illustrated by cases from Samara, Krasnoyarsk and Kazan.

PROBLEMS OF STRAY ANIMALS IN NOVOSIBIRSK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Elena E. Rinchinova ◽  
Diyara A. Takumova ◽  
Irina I. Bochkareva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City

The article discusses main issues of organizing activities for the treatment of stray and street animals in the city of Novosibirsk. The important role of successful solving the problem of stray animals in ensuring environmental comfort and safety of the urban population is noted. Definitions of the concepts “stray animals” and “street animals” are given, the differences between them are emphasized. The main regulatory and legal documents governing the handling of stray and street animals are listed. The ways in which domestic animals get into a stray state are described briefly. The results of the collection and analysis of information on the activities of shelters for stray animals in Novosibirsk are described. The information on the quantitative indicators of the shelters are given. Conclusions on how to solve the problem of stray animals, relying on the latest regulations are drawn.

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