Oxygen Isotope Analysis and Seasonality Determinations: Limits and Potential of a New Technique

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey N. Bailey ◽  
Margaret R. Deith ◽  
Nicholas J. Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Isotope Measurements ◽  
Made In

This paper presents a critical assessment of Killingley's approach to the determination of month of collection of marine molluscs by prehistoric people. The basis of the method is careful oxygen isotope measurements made in successive growth increments in the shells. We have analyzed specimens of Monodonta and Patella collected live on the coast of northern Spain, in conjunction with seasonality studies on molluscs from prehistoric sites in the neighborhood. These studies confirm the necessity of making careful analyses of each species under consideration. Given the significance both of interspecies differences and of climatic variability on timescales from a year upwards (particularly important in Killingley's area), we conclude that his apparent accuracy of ± a month is illusory.

Sclerochronological Measures of Seasonality at a Late Woodland Mound on the Mississippi Gulf Coast

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (04) ◽  
pp. 697-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Blitz ◽  
C. Fred ◽  
Lauren E. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rangia Cuneata ◽  
Mississippi Gulf Coast ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Isotope Measurements

Abstract Seasonality of site occupation has been an important issue in the archaeology of precolumbian coastal populations in the U.S. Southeast. Sclerochronological oxygen isotope measurements to estimate season of capture were performed on marsh clam (Rangia cuneata) and oyster (Crassostrea virginica) shells from a Late Woodland platform mound in coastal Mississippi. This study is the first oxygen isotope analysis of archaeological Rangia cuneata. The results of the study, supported by vertebrate faunal and plant seasonal indicators and depositional circumstances, indicate that mound trash deposits were generated by short-term activities during the spring and summer months. Factors that could reduce the precision of the seasonal estimates are identified.

Direct phase determination of S‐wave velocities from acoustic waveform logs

Geophysics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1746-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Ingram ◽  
C. F. Morris ◽  
E. E. MacKnight ◽  
T. W. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
S Wave ◽  
P Waves ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Logging Tool ◽  
Zero Phase ◽  
Made In ◽  
Phase Differences

A new technique for producing S-wave logs from borehole acoustic waves has been developed. The procedure is based on direct phase calculations for time‐windowed waveforms obtained with an acoustic logging tool. A window is positioned over the S-wave portion of the signals, and window moveout is chosen to give zero‐phase differences in a band of frequencies across the array of receivers. A major issue in application of this method is the error introduced by windowing and by interfering signals such as casing arrivals, residual P-waves, and modes propagating in the borehole. Examples using synthetic data are presented illustrating these errors and the means of reducing them. A capture effect, characteristic of phase methods, may be exploited to reduce the effect of interference. Examples are presented showing logs made in different lithologies using a conventional two‐receiver long‐spacing tool. A pulsed transmitter was used with energy in a frequency range 10 to 20 kHz. In hard formations there is little difficulty in obtaining good shear logs. In softer formations, with reduced shear amplitudes, the problems caused by interfering waves become more severe. Careful choice of frequency bands used in the analysis can reduce interference problems and may improve logs in soft formations.

Deciphering the physical mechanism of the topography effect for oxygen isotope measurements using a Cameca IMS-1280 SIMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 950-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qiang Tang ◽  
Xian-Hua Li ◽  
Qiu-Li Li ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Xiao-Xiao Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Topography Effect ◽  
Isotope Measurements

Topography effects can be reduced by increasing transfer optics magnification in high precision SIMS isotope analysis.

scholarly journals Determination of particulate matter vertical columns using satellite observations

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Kokhanovsky ◽  
A. S. Prikhach ◽  
I. L. Katsev ◽  
E. P. Zege
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Aerosol Optical Thickness ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Size Of Particles ◽  
Cloudless Atmosphere ◽  
Made In

Abstract. A new technique to retrieve the particulate matter vertical columns from spaceborne observations is described. The method is based on the measurements of the spectral aerosol optical thickness (AOT). The spectral slope of the derived aerosol optical thickness is used to infer the size of particles, which is needed (along with the absolute value of AOT) to determine corresponding vertical columns. The technique is applied to the case of a cloudless atmosphere over Germany and results are compared with ground-based observations. Several assumptions are made in the retrieval process such as the prescribed phase function, single scattering albedo, the refractive index of aerosol, and the half-width of the size distribution.

The quantitative comparison of experimental and simulated diffraction contrast images

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Stuart McKernan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Image Simulation ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Simulated Images ◽  
Made In

For many years the concept of quantitative diffraction contrast experiments might have consisted of the determination of dislocation Burgers vectors using a g.b = 0 criterion from several different 2-beam images. Since the advent of the personal computer revolution, the available computing power for performing image-processing and image-simulation calculations is enormous and ubiquitous. Several programs now exist to perform simulations of diffraction contrast images using various approximations. The most common approximations are the use of only 2-beams or a single systematic row to calculate the image contrast, or calculating the image using a column approximation. The increasing amount of literature showing comparisons of experimental and simulated images shows that it is possible to obtain very close agreement between the two images; although the choice of parameters used, and the assumptions made, in performing the calculation must be properly dealt with. The simulation of the images of defects in materials has, in many cases, therefore become a tractable problem.

Science of Ahangyol and Its Importance for Modern Scientific Thought

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gashamoglu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Made In

The Article briefly discusses the need for generation of the Science of Ahangyol, and this science’s scientific basis, object and subject, category system, scientific research methods and application options. Ahangyol is a universal science and may be useful in any sphere. It may assist in problem solving in peacemaking process and in many areas such as ecology, economics, politics, culture, management and etc. This science stipulates that any activity and any decision made in the life may only and solely be successful when they comply with harmony principles more, which are the principles of existence and activity of the world. A right strategic approach of the Eastern Philosophy and the Middle Age Islamic Philosophy and scientific thought has an important potential. This strategic approach creates opportunities to also consider irrational factors in addition to rational ones comprehensively in scientific researches. The modern scientific thought contributes to implementation of these opportunities. Ahangyol is a science of determination of ways to achieve harmony in any sphere and of creation of special methods to make progress in these ways through assistance of the modern science. Methods of the System Theory, Mathematics, IT, Astronomy, Physics, Biology, Sociology, Statistics and etc. are more extensively applied. Information is given on some of these methods. Moreover, the Science of Ahangyol, which is a new philosophical worldview and a new paradigm contributes to clarification of metaphysic views considerably and discovery of the scientific potential of religious books.

scholarly journals Determination of Environmental Factors for the Implementation of the Exploitability Index in Industrial Aggregate Mining Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Julio Manuel de Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Benito Ramiro Salas-Menocal ◽  
Gema Fernández-Maroto ◽  
Rubén Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
Raúl Pereda-García
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Made In

The quality of human life is linked to the exploitation of mining resources. The Exploitability Index (EI) assesses the actual possibilities to enable a mine according to several factors. The environment is one of the most constraining ones, but its analysis is made in a shallow way. This research is focused on its determination, according to a new preliminary methodology that sets the main components of the environmental impact related to the development of an exploitation of industrial minerals and its weighting according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is applied to the case of the ophitic outcrops in Cantabria (Spain). Twelve components are proposed and weighted with the AHP and an algorithm that allows for assigning a normalized value for the environmental factor to each deposit. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are applied, allowing us to map a large number of components of the environmental factors. This provides a much more accurate estimation of the environmental factor, with respect to reality, and improves the traditional methodology in a substantial way. It can be established as a methodology for mining spaces planning, but it is suitable for other contexts, and it raises developing the environmental analysis before selecting the outcrop to be exploited.

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