Siebold's Viburnum, Viburnum sieboldii Miquel, New Non-Native Species Record for New York

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
David S. Kunstler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Native Species

Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Shoreline Development ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
River Fish

<em>Abstract.</em>—The main channel of the Hudson River is a tidal estuary from its mouth in New York Harbor to Troy, New York, 247 km upstream. It drains about 35,000 km<sup>2</sup> and is an important navigational, commercial, and recreational system. Since the arrival of European settlers over 400 years ago, it has undergone numerous environmental changes. These changes have included channel maintenance by dredging, wholesale dumping of industrial and domestic wastes, scattered in-basin urbanization and shoreline development, deforestation of the watershed and an increase in agriculture, and water removal for commercial, industrial, and agricultural needs. In addition, the biota of the river has supported commercial and recreational harvesting, exotic species have become established, and habitats have become fragmented, replaced, changed in extent, or isolated. The tidal portion of the Hudson River is among the most-studied water bodies on Earth. We use data from surveys conducted in 1936, the 1970s, the 1980s, and the 1990s to examine changes in fish assemblages and from other sources dating back to 1842. The surveys are synoptic but use a variety of gears and techniques and were conducted by different researchers with different study goals. The scale of our assessment is necessarily coarse. Over 200 species of fish are reported from the drainage, including freshwater and diadromous species, estuarine forms, certain life history stages of primarily marine species, and marine strays. The tidal Hudson River fish assemblages have responded to the environmental changes of the last century in several ways. Several important native species appear to be in decline (e.g., rainbow smelt <em>Osmerus mordax </em>and Atlantic tomcod <em>Microgadus tomcod</em>), others, once in decline, have rebounded (e.g., striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em>), and populations of some species seem stable (e.g., spottail shiner <em>Notropis hudsonius</em>). No native species is extirpated from the system, and only one, shortnose sturgeon <em>Acipenser brevirostrum</em>, is listed as endangered. The recent establishment of the exotic zebra mussel <em>Dreissena polymorpha </em>may be shifting the fish assemblage away from openwater fishes (e.g., <em>Alosa</em>) and toward species associated with vegetation (e.g., centrarchids). In general, the Hudson River has seen an increase in the number and importance of alien species and a change in dominant species.

Impacts of Lythrum salicaria invasion on plant community and soil properties in two wetlands in central New York, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy M. Mahaney ◽  
Kurt A. Smemo ◽  
Joseph B. Yavitt
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
New York State ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Central New York

While the spread of the exotic Lythrum salicaria L. across wetlands in North America is thought to negatively affect the performance and diversity of native species, the actual impacts of L. salicaria invasion on community dynamics and ecosystem properties are not well understood. To determine whether L. salicaria affects community aboveground biomass, native species biomass, or soil properties, we studied two common situations in central New York State where L. salicaria invaded (i) an abandoned agricultural field and (ii) a relatively pristine wetland with low species diversity. In the agricultural site, nearly monospecific stands of L. salicaria and Phalaris arundinacea L. had nearly identical shoot mass (approx. 850 g·m–2) but divergent soil characteristics. Inorganic nitrogen was significantly higher under L. salicaria than under P. arundinacea. The low-diversity site is dominated by Carex lacustris Willd., with distinct areas codominated by either L. salicaria or Typha latifolia L. In this site, we found that areas with a codominant species had significantly more total aboveground biomass than those dominated by C. lacustris, suggesting that L. salicaria invasion does not significantly lower native species biomass. However, most soil nutrient levels did not differ among vegetation zones, indicating that species composition changes did not alter soil properties in the short term. This study supports a growing literature suggesting that L. salicaria invasion may not negatively impact relatively pristine wetlands as previously believed.

scholarly journals Invasive genetics of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus): recent anthropogenic introduction in Iberia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teófilo Morim ◽  
Grant R Bigg ◽  
Pedro M Madeira ◽  
Jorge Palma ◽  
David D Duvernell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Ebro Delta ◽  
Benthic Habitat ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Strong Founder Effect ◽  
Invasion Pathway ◽  
First Time

Human activities such as trade and transport have increased considerably in the last decades, greatly facilitating the introduction and spread of non-native species at a global level. In the Iberian Peninsula, Fundulus heteroclitus, a small euryhaline coastal fish with short dispersal, was found for the first time in the mid-1970s. Since then, F. heteroclitusunderwent range expansions, colonizing the southern region of Portugal, southwestern coast of Spain and the Ebro Delta in the Mediterranean Sea. Cytochrome b sequences were used to elucidate the species invasion pathway in Iberia. Three Iberian locations (Faro, Cádiz and Ebro Delta) and 13 other locations along the native range of F. heteroclitusin North America were sampled. Results revealed a single haplotype, common to all invasive populations, which can be traced to the northern region of the species’ native range. We posit that the origin of the founder individuals is between New York and Nova Scotia. Additionally, the lack of genetic structure within Iberia is consistent with a recent invasion scenario and a strong founder effect. We suggest the most probable introduction vector is associated with the aquarium trade and we further discuss the hypothesis of a second human-mediated introduction responsible for the establishment of individuals in the Ebro Delta supported by the absence of adequate muddy habitats linking Cádiz and the Ebro Delta. Although the species has a high tolerance to salinity and temperature, benthic habitat constraints prevent along-shore colonisation suggesting that such expansions would need to be aided by human release.

Maintaining and Improving Biodiversity in Urban Centers: Landscape Spatial Design in Mexico City and New York City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Zambrano ◽  
Steven N Handel ◽  
Tania Fernandez ◽  
Isabel Brostella
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Green Spaces

Abstract ContextLarge cities contain different sizes and distributions of green spaces in a sea of buildings and roads. This urban landscape establishes the habitat for different species that persist in cities.ObjectivesHow does this “archipelago” of habitat space function? How does the arrangement of green spaces affect plant and animal species' biodiversity and movement through this urban pattern?MethodsBy using Patch Analyst Metrics, we propose a novel method to analyze and improve the current spatial arrangement of green spaces using Mexico City and New York City, long-established urban areas.ResultsThe two cities differ in the number, size, and spatial distribution of green spaces. Frequency analysis suggests that Mexico City has a high number of large green spaces for native species conservation; but most of them are in one vast cluster of green areas at the south. In New York City large spaces are distributed along the whole territory, comprising most potential habitats, but it has much more small areas. This spatial analysis shows particular areas in which both cities have the potential to add connectivity among existing green spaces for dispersal of many taxa of plants and animals. ConclusionsMuch data is available on the potential dispersion through cities, but a better framework for understanding the existing distribution is needed for future landscape decisions. Results suggest ways that new urban areas can better increase plant and animal movement patterns.

Effect of landscape position on plant diversity and richness on electric transmission rights-of-way in New York State

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Cameron ◽  
Donald J. Leopold ◽  
Dudley J. Raynal
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Redundancy Analysis ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
New York State ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
York State

Rights-of-way are kept free of tall trees to insure reliability of electric service. Selective management techniques such as application of cut-stump herbicide and stem foliar herbicide are used on some rights-of-way to remove undesirable tree species while minimizing disturbance to shrub and herbaceous vegetation. Because rights-of-way typically traverse broad productivity and disturbance gradients over large geographic areas and harbor both native and non-native species, they offer unique opportunities to study plant species diversity patterns and their underlying causes at different scales. Plant cover on six managed rights-of-way in forested landscapes of New York State was sampled to determine the effect of landscape position (i.e., xeric, mesic, and hydric sites) on species composition, diversity, and richness and contribution of non-native species. Species composition among sites was compared using redundancy analysis in which the individual covers of the most common species were ordinated with treatment levels. Diversity, species richness, and contribution of non-native species were compared using analysis of variance. Redundancy analysis shows trends in the occurrence of common species based on landscape position. Analysis of variance indicates diversity, richness, and contribution of non-natives are greater on the rights-of-way versus the adjacent woods for xeric and mesic positions, whereas no differences were indicated between rights-of-way and adjacent woods for hydric positions. Key words: rights-of-way, selective management, diversity, competition, stress, invasive species.

scholarly journals Invasive genetics of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus): recent anthropogenic introduction in Iberia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teófilo Morim ◽  
Grant R Bigg ◽  
Pedro M Madeira ◽  
Jorge Palma ◽  
David D Duvernell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Ebro Delta ◽  
Benthic Habitat ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Strong Founder Effect ◽  
Invasion Pathway ◽  
First Time

Human activities such as trade and transport have increased considerably in the last decades, greatly facilitating the introduction and spread of non-native species at a global level. In the Iberian Peninsula, Fundulus heteroclitus, a small euryhaline coastal fish with short dispersal, was found for the first time in the mid-1970s. Since then, F. heteroclitusunderwent range expansions, colonizing the southern region of Portugal, southwestern coast of Spain and the Ebro Delta in the Mediterranean Sea. Cytochrome b sequences were used to elucidate the species invasion pathway in Iberia. Three Iberian locations (Faro, Cádiz and Ebro Delta) and 13 other locations along the native range of F. heteroclitusin North America were sampled. Results revealed a single haplotype, common to all invasive populations, which can be traced to the northern region of the species’ native range. We posit that the origin of the founder individuals is between New York and Nova Scotia. Additionally, the lack of genetic structure within Iberia is consistent with a recent invasion scenario and a strong founder effect. We suggest the most probable introduction vector is associated with the aquarium trade and we further discuss the hypothesis of a second human-mediated introduction responsible for the establishment of individuals in the Ebro Delta supported by the absence of adequate muddy habitats linking Cádiz and the Ebro Delta. Although the species has a high tolerance to salinity and temperature, benthic habitat constraints prevent along-shore colonisation suggesting that such expansions would need to be aided by human release.

scholarly journals Invasion genetics of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus): recent anthropogenic introduction in Iberia

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teófilo Morim ◽  
Grant R. Bigg ◽  
Pedro M. Madeira ◽  
Jorge Palma ◽  
David D. Duvernell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Ebro Delta ◽  
Benthic Habitat ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Invasion Genetics ◽  
Invasion Pathway

Human activities such as trade and transport have increased considerably in the last decades, greatly facilitating the introduction and spread of non-native species at a global level. In the Iberian Peninsula, Fundulus heteroclitus, a small euryhaline coastal fish with short dispersal, was found for the first time in the mid-1970s. Since then, F. heteroclitus has undergone range expansions, colonizing the southern region of Portugal, southwestern coast of Spain and the Ebro Delta in the Mediterranean Sea. Cytochrome b sequences were used to elucidate the species invasion pathway in Iberia. Three Iberian locations (Faro, Cádiz and Ebro Delta) and 13 other locations along the native range of F. heteroclitus in North America were sampled. Results revealed a single haplotype, common to all invasive populations, which can be traced to the northern region of the species’ native range. We posit that the origin of the founder individuals is between New York and Nova Scotia. Additionally, the lack of genetic structure within Iberia is consistent with a recent invasion scenario and a strong founder effect. We suggest the most probable introduction vector is associated with the aquarium trade. We further discuss the hypothesis of a second human-mediated introduction responsible for the establishment of individuals in the Ebro Delta supported by the absence of adequate muddy habitats linking Cádiz and the Ebro Delta. Although the species has a high tolerance to salinity and temperature, ecological niche modelling indicates that benthic habitat constraints prevent along-shore colonisation suggesting that such expansions would need to be aided by human release.

scholarly journals Vegetation community changes in response to phragmites management at Times Beach, Buffalo, New York

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Schad ◽  
Gary Dick ◽  
Kris Erickson ◽  
Paul Fuhrmann ◽  
Lynde Dodd
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vegetation Community ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Relative Cover ◽  
Community Changes

Management of invasive phragmites (Phragmites australis [Cav.] Trin. Ex Steud.) in the United States has proven challenging over the last several decades. Various methods for control exist, but integrated approaches appear to have the most success. However, documentation of vegetation community–wide responses to these approaches remains limited. This study monitored plant community changes at Times Beach, New York, over a five-year period. In concert with mowing and thatch removal in all areas, the study evaluated two herbicides separately and together, representing three experimental treatment areas (TAs), for control efficacy by measuring plant community structure. Phragmites was targeted for treatments, avoiding native and nonproblematic non-native species when possible, to preserve beneficial habitat during phragmites control efforts. Monitoring results showed significant drops in phragmites relative cover, relative frequency, and importance values due to integrated management, regardless of herbicide treatment, with corresponding increases in these same values for native and other plant species. This suggests that prudent removal of phragmites is compatible with beneficial plant restorative efforts to maintain and improve habitat in infested areas.

Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Large River ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
Susquehanna River ◽  
Assessment Specialists ◽  
Industrial Operations

<em>Abstract.</em>—The Susquehanna River drains portions of New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, and is the 18th largest river (by discharge) in the United States. Although relatively undeveloped (i.e., 63% of the basin is forested, whereas 9% is urban), the river and its fish assemblage have experienced stresses associated with coal mining, logging, electric power generation, population growth, and agricultural and industrial operations. Surveys of Susquehanna River fishes have a rich history, with the qualitative surveys of 19th century naturalists giving way to the quantitative studies of 20th century environmental impact assessment specialists. Ichthyofaunal surveys of the Susquehanna drainage were compiled and summarized herein to examine species composition, losses, and additions. Collection records indicate that the Susquehanna River drainage supports a diverse and relatively stable assemblage of 60 native species (or 51% of all species), 33 (28%) alien species, 22 (19%) euryhaline or diadromous fishes, and 2 (2%) extirpated or extinct species. Stocking efforts, bait-bucket releases, range extensions, and new species descriptions accounted for most contemporary species additions. Overall reduction in species richness has been limited to one cyprinid that has not been collected since 1862, and one darter species that has not been collected since 1987. Construction of four large hydroelectric dams on the lower Susquehanna (in the early 20th century) eliminated 98% of historic anadromous fish habitat, leading to notable reductions in commercial/ recreational clupeid stocks. Recent increases in the occurrence and abundance of anadromous fish in the Susquehanna River are a credit to an extensive restoration program that began with fish trap and transfer operations in 1972, included fish culture programs, and led to the installation of fish passage technologies at each of the four dams.

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