Social Reform and the Divided Conscience of Antebellum Protestantism

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Moorhead
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Great Force ◽  
Insight Into

It is a commonplace of antebellum historiography that the numerous reforms of the age often bore an intimate connection with Protestant evangelicalism, and Charles Grandison Finney is often portrayed as a symbol of this link. In addition to endorsing such causes as antislavery and temperance, the great evangelist inspired numerous converts to work out their salvation through useful service, including reform; and the areas swept by his revivals provided fertile soil for every manner of ultraism. Both as theological innovator and religious activist, he seemed to epitomize a tide of perfectionist optimism surging with great force against institutional restraints.Yet there was a very cautious side to Finney. He seldom committed himself unreservedly to any cause other than revivalism and generally eschewed the most controversial approaches to reform. Viewing this aspect of his career, one scholar has recently argued that “the basic thrust of Finney's thought and activity was conservative, status conscious, and pessimistic about human nature.” Because of these two faces, the historian is tempted to fix on one or the other as the “real” Finney, but it is more profitable to probe his ambiguities than to mitigate them. An examination of Finney offers fruitful insight into nineteenth-century evangelicalism's explosive potential for reform and its equally powerful tendency to limit and contain that impulse.

scholarly journals The linguistic sign: Metonymy and virtuality

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Glaz
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Linguistic Form ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Linguistic Sign ◽  
The One

Grounded in a rich philosophical and semiotic tradition, the most influential models of the linguistic sign have been Saussure’s intimate connection between the signifier and the signi-fied and Ogden and Richards’ semiotic triangle. Within the triangle, claim the cognitive lin-guists Radden and Kövecses, the sign functions in a metonymic fashion. The triangular semi-otic model is expanded here to a trapezium and calibrated with, on the one hand, Peirce’s conception of virtuality, and on the other hand, with some of the tenets of Langacker’s Cogni-tive Grammar. In conclusion, the question “How does the linguistic sign mean?” is answered thus: it means by virtue of the linguistic form activating (virtually) the entire trapezium-like configuration of forms, concepts, experienced projections, and relationships between all of the above. Activation of the real world remains dubious or indirect. The process is both meto-nymic and virtual, in the sense specified.

Socioeconomic Change, Peasant Household Structure and Demographic Behavior in a French Department

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-181
Author(s):  
James R. Lehning
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socioeconomic Change ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
Peasant Household ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

The article focuses on the relationship between social and economic structure and household structure, on the one hand, and household structure and demographic behavior on the other. The analysis provides some insight into the factors that determined household structure and demographic behavior in the two nineteenth-century villages in the Loire district in France-one village agricultural and the other with a protoindustrial sector. Labor needs imposed on the household by the economy helped to determine the structure of that household, and, especially by way of nuptiality, such considerations could also affect reproduction. Nevertheless, it would be pressing the evidence much too far to suggest that only household structure determined demographic behavior.

The Other Side of the Camera: A TV Reporter's Stint as a Congressional Aide

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Warren
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
The Real ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Tv News ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

On a drizzly late afternoon, soon after the November 1984 elections and well before the start of the 99th Congress, I slogged into the Cannon House Office Building for an interview with a real, live congressman. This was not a new experience. As a television reporter for a decade, I'd interviewed dozens of representatives and senators along the way. This interview was entirely different, however, because this time I was looking for a job, and the member was looking for an APSA Congressional Fellow to help out in his office.After the usual half hour wait in the lobby, I was ushered in to meet the member. It was football season and before settling into the couch, he was bragging about his alma mater's quarterback. Fortunately, my home team had a hot quarterback too, so we debated quarterback's arms instead of the nuclear or conventional variety. I was scheduled for 20 minutes with the member, and half the time expired before the member abruptly turned to the real subject at hand—hockey. About the time I'd run through the last fact in my hockey memory, the member actually picked up my resume and scanned it.One fact leaped from the page and got him even more worked up than his quarterback's passing percentage. “So you're a TV reporter, huh? I've always liked having TV guys around.” By now the 20-minute interview time was up, but it would be another 1½ hours before I got back out into the rain, with my first real insight into politics and TV news, from the other side of the camera.

Whiggery, religion and social reform: the case of Lord Morpeth

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyd Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The Third ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

ABSTRACTM.P.s who supported the Grey, Melbourne, Russell and Palmerston governments were all described as ‘Liberals’ in contemporary registers such as those by Dod and McCalmont. However, historians have recently attempted to differentiate intellectually among these M.P.s, and in particular to sort out the liberals from the whigs. A difficulty here is that, in a period which was almost equally dominated by religious and ecclesiastical issues on the one hand and social and economic issues on the other, it appears that those politicians who were most ‘liberal’ in one context were least ‘liberal’ in the other. The subject of this article, Lord Morpeth, conformed to a type of ‘whig–liberal’ politician whose social policies were ‘whig’ rather than ‘liberal’, but who exemplified that tolerant approach to religious politics which has been termed ‘liberal Anglican’. It is possible to infer Morpeth's theological views from his many comments on sermons and devotional texts, and it appears that the best way to understand his religion (and its impact on his politics) is in terms, not of liberal Anglicanism, but of incarnationalism combined with a type of joyous pre-millenarianism (or jolly apocalypticism) not uncharacteristic of the mid nineteenth century. Reacting against the evangelical and high church revivals, yet sharing their piety and rectitude, Morpeth's incarnational religion represented an attempt to reconcile a theory of individual personality with ideas of community and brotherhood – to soften the ‘spiritual capitalism’ implied by ‘moderate’ Anglican evangelicalism, while retaining its emphasis on individual responsibility. Its secular equivalent was the type of ‘half-way’ social reform espoused by many whig-liberals in the third quarter of the century.

Church and State in Ireland in the Nineteenth Century

1962 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmet Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Relation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into

I should first like to refer to some documents which I found during my research this summer in the Propaganda Archives in Rome. Then, I should like to show how they help towards a better understanding of the very complicated historical relation between Church and State in Ireland in the nineteenth century. The first of these documents is a series of three letters from an Irish priest to his agent in Rome in January, 1823, concerning the impending appointment of a new Archbishop to the See of Cashel. The second is a long letter from the Bishop of Elphin to the Cardinal Prefect of Propaganda, in February,1826,protesting the charges leveled against him at Rome by the Augustinians of his diocese. These two men, priest and bishop, peasant and aristocrat, represent the essential faces of the clergy in Ireland in the nineteenth century. More often than not, however, the priest or the bishop was not simply the one or the other, but rather an interestingly complex amalgam of these two representative types. Their letters, then, tell us a great deal not only about the Church in their time, but give us historical insight into the Church of their posterity.

scholarly journals Post-Postmodern Urban Architecture based on Jacques Lacan’s three orders

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Farshad Mafakher
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Real World ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
The Real ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Scientific Fields

<p>Developments in modern architecture coincided with developments in scientific and aesthetic approaches of modern time with modernity demanded in all scientific fields. Aesthetic views in modern architecture tended toward clear and simple ways of viewing, therefore it was brought to visual brevity and urban scales and details were created in buildings and urbanism. Visual brevity and its interaction with time and pace in the course of changing views at the time of evolution of modern architecture and romantic thoughts date back to nineteenth century, revealing naturalistic architecture pinnacle in architectural works. Visual brevity prioritized destination with no slightest doubt and the architect’s image (the imaginary) evolved in modern architecture. On the other hand, through environmental same-concept with living organism of nature, visual brevity created organic architecture. The criticism of postmodernism, compared with modernism, considered premodernism forgotten images, discussing time and pace in modern criticism in terms of concentrated, deconcentrated or skipping human and followed deliberative time and pace to evaluate architecture and urbanism works, the inspiration of which was the architect’s postmodern images. Postmodern symbolism (the symbolic) stemmed from forgotten memories. Regarding this, with a closer look, modern and postmodern developments are analyzed considering Jacques Lacan’s three orders. Post-postmodern realism (the real) toward a vague non-sense world in real world is the aesthetics particular of this era. Lack of same- concept in this type of aesthetics resulted in lack of a clear specification source. Hence, continuous research is required. </p>

The New Criticism of the Gospels

1926 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-163
Author(s):  
E. F. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
New Criticism ◽  
The Real ◽  
Synoptic Problem ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Critical Investigation

Twenty years ago it was possible to regard the Synoptic Problem as virtually solved. There might still be difference of opinion on a number of details, but the main conclusions seemed to be unassailable. The sources of the three gospels, like those of the Nile, had been hidden in mystery, and the discovery of them was justly hailed as the chief triumph of nineteenth-century scholarship.For some time it has been apparent that the rejoicings were premature. Those matters of detail which had yet to be settled have turned out to be serious, and we are now realizing, with something of a shock, that the Synoptic Problem is still with us. Instead of reaching a solution we have only come in sight of the real difficulties. If the confidence of twenty years ago is ever regained it will only be after another long spell of patient labor.We certainly owe much to the great scholars of the last century, though their claim to discovery has been found wanting. They gave us the clues which we have still to follow. The materials they collected and the observations they made will always be valuable. Their theory itself, although it calls for drastic revision, will continue, in some essential points, to stand. It will remain certain that Mark is the earliest of our gospels and has been used by the other evangelists. It seems equally impossible to doubt that along with Mark there was another source, now lost, on which Matthew and Luke must have drawn for their record of Jesus' teaching. These results, however they may be qualified, must always form the starting-point for critical investigation. But we now recognize that the older scholars conceived of their task too narrowly. The problem before them was far more intricate than they supposed, and has to be solved not merely by comparing the editorial methods of the several evangelists but by a deeper analysis, affecting the substance as well as the formal structure of the gospels.

Creating Lasting Meaningful Social Reform

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-223
Author(s):  
Samuel Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Vested Interest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the emancipations which were not the result of British or American arm-twisting. Brazil did not emancipate its slaves even after a second British naval assault — a blockade of Rio de Janeiro. What induced Brazil to change? On the one hand, the slaves mobilized themselves. The late nineteenth century saw increasing uprisings by black populations and increasing numbers of organized mass escapes as groups of slaves made runs for the frontier. On the other hand, Brazil urbanized. The urban population had no vested interest in slavery, so abolitionist groups formed in the larger Brazilian cities just as they had formed in Britain. Change in public opinion led to the abolition of serfdom in Russia as well.

The Logical and the Real in Political Theory: Plato, Aristotle, and Marx

1954 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1058-1066
Author(s):  
Charles N. R. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Pure Theory ◽  
The Real ◽  
Insight Into

An immediate and important insight into the significance of Greek political philosophy may be gained by examining an observation made upon it by Karl Marx. The fact that Marx's observation is fundamentally erroneous does not prevent it from being profoundly suggestive. Marx observed, in the course of his doctoral dissertation, On the Differences between the Natural Philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus, that the character of the philosophical world after the death of Aristotle in the Fourth Century B.C. was similar to that of the philosophical world after the death of Hegel in the Nineteenth Century. What was this similarity of which Marx speaks? We may best understand it if we know that Marx had considered that his own achievement had been to break through the “completed, total world” of Hegel's “pure theory, theology, philosophy, ethics etc.,” and to have resolved the “absolute metaphysical spirit into the real man standing on the foundation of nature.”

scholarly journals The Effect of Isomorphic Pitch Layouts on the Transfer of Musical Learning †

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2514
Author(s):  
Sophia Stanford ◽  
Andrew Milne ◽  
Jennifer MacRitchie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Transfer Of Learning ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Transfer Task ◽  
Instrument Design ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Musical Pitch ◽  
Insight Into

The physical arrangement of pitches in most traditional musical instruments—including the piano and guitar—is non-isomorphic, which means that a given spatial relationship between two keys, buttons, or fretted strings can produce differing musical pitch intervals. Recently, a number of new musical interfaces have been developed with isomorphic pitch layouts where these relationships are consistent. Since the nineteenth century, it has been widely considered that isomorphic pitch layouts facilitate the learnability and playability of instruments, particularly when a piece is transposed into a different key; however, prior to this paper, this has not been experimentally tested. To address this, we investigated four different pitch layouts to examine whether isomorphism facilitates retention and transfer of musical learning within and across keys. Both non-musicians and musicians were tested on two training tasks: two immediate retention tasks and a transfer task. Each participant played every task on two distinct layouts—one being an isomorphic layout (Wicki or Bosanquet), the other being a minimally adjusted non-isomorphic version. For musicians, isomorphism was found to facilitate transfer of learning to a novel task; for non-musicians, the results were mixed. This study provides insight into features that are important to music instrument design.

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