Phloem-Feeding Specialists Sharing a Host Tree: Resource Partitioning Minimizes Interference Competition among Galling Aphid Species

Oikos ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Inbar ◽  
David Wool
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Phloem Feeding

Interference competition betweenAphidius matricariaeandPraon volucre(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking two common aphid species

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1552-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Tazerouni ◽  
Ali Asghar Talebi ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Mahmoud Soufbaf
Keyword(s):  
Interference Competition ◽  
Aphid Species

Characterization of resistance to multiple aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) inMedicago truncatula

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-L. Gao ◽  
R. Horbury ◽  
R.M. Nair ◽  
K.B. Singh ◽  
O.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Phloem Feeding

AbstractAphids are phloem-feeding insects that damage many important crops throughout the world yet, compared to plant–pathogen interactions, little is known about the mechanisms by which plants become resistant to aphids.Medicago truncatula(barrel medic) is widely considered as the pre-eminent model legume for genetic and biological research and in Australia is an important pasture species. Six cultivars ofM. truncatulawith varying levels of resistance to two pests of pasture and forage legumes, the bluegreen aphidAcyrthosiphon kondoiShinji and the spotted alfalfa aphidTherioaphis trifoliif.maculata. (Buckton) are investigated. Two resistance phenotypes againstT. trifoliif.maculataare described, one of which is particularly effective, killing most aphids within 24 h of infestation. Each resistance phenotype provided a similar but somewhat less effective degree of resistance to the closely-related spotted clover aphidTherioaphis trifolii(Monell). In the case ofA. kondoionly one resistance phenotype was observed, which did not vary among different genetic backgrounds. None of the observed resistance againstA. kondoiorT. trifoliif.maculatasignificantly affected the performance of green peach aphidMyzus persicae(Sulzer) or cowpea aphidAphis craccivoraKoch. The existence of multiple aphid resistance mechanisms in similar genetic backgrounds of this model plant provides a unique opportunity to characterize the fundamental basis of plant defence to these serious agricultural pests.

scholarly journals Suppression of Plant Defenses by a Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid) Salivary Effector Protein

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezi A. Elzinga ◽  
Martin De Vos ◽  
Georg Jander
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Phloem Feeding

The complex interactions between aphids and their host plant are species-specific and involve multiple layers of recognition and defense. Aphid salivary proteins, which are released into the plant during phloem feeding, are a likely mediator of these interactions. In an approach to identify aphid effectors that facilitate feeding from host plants, eleven Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) salivary proteins and the GroEL protein of Buchnera aphidicola, a bacterial endosymbiont of this aphid species, were expressed transiently in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). Whereas two salivary proteins increased aphid reproduction, expression of three other aphid proteins and GroEL significantly decreased aphid reproduction on N. tabacum. These effects were recapitulated in stable transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Further experiments with A. thaliana expressing Mp55, a salivary protein that increased aphid reproduction, showed lower accumulation of 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, callose and hydrogen peroxide in response to aphid feeding. Mp55-expressing plants also were more attractive for aphids in choice assays. Silencing Mp55 gene expression in M. persicae using RNA interference approaches reduced aphid reproduction on N. tabacum, A. thaliana, and N. benthamiana. Together, these results demonstrate a role for Mp55, a protein with as-yet-unknown molecular function, in the interaction of M. persicae with its host plants.

REDUCED NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF LEAVES FROM MATURE PECAN TREES BY THREE SPECIES OF PECAN APHID

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Wood ◽  
W. L. Tedders
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Degree Of Reduction ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Phloem Feeding

Pecan, Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch, foliage from 60-year-old ‘Stuart’ trees infested by phloem feeding pecan aphids experienced a reduction in net photosynthesis (Pn) as the population density of Monellia caryella (Fitch), Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell, or Mellanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis) increased. The increase was curvilinear for M. caryella and M. pecanis, but linear for M. caryaefoliae.The degree of reduction by an individual aphid was similar for M. caryella and M. pecanis, but M. caryaefoliae was far more detrimental. When the densities of the three aphid species are within the currently recommended spray threshold levels, there is very little adverse influence on Pn.

Resource partitioning and asymmetric competition between sympatric freshwater and Omono types of ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Tsuruta ◽  
Akira Goto
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Pungitius Pungitius ◽  
Ninespine Stickleback ◽  
Feeding Territory ◽  
Almost All

The freshwater and Omono types of ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius (L., 1758), coexist in several ponds and a stream in the Omono River system, Japan. We tested the hypothesis that coexistence of the two types is accomplished by resource partitioning through interspecific competition. First, the stomach contents of the two types were compared between sympatric and allopatric populations: the stomach contents of the sympatric freshwater type consisted of almost all Copepoda, whereas those of the sympatric Omono type consisted of not only Copepoda, but also many large benthic invertebrates; the stomach contents of both allopatric types were similar, consisting of Copepoda and large benthic invertebrates. Second, behaviour related to resource use in a sympatric pond was observed in the nonbreeding season: the freshwater type showed little aggressive behaviour, but the Omono type had a high frequency of aggressive behaviour. These results indicate that the sympatric freshwater type does not hold a feeding territory and its food resource is almost all Copepoda, whereas the Omono type has a feeding territory and its food resources are various. This suggests that asymmetric interference competition causes a diet shift of the sympatric freshwater type, allowing the two types to coexist by their resource partitioning.

scholarly journals Aphid Protein Effectors Promote Aphid Colonization in a Plant Species-Specific Manner

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pitino ◽  
Saskia A. Hogenhout
Keyword(s):  
Positive Selection ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Phloem Feeding

Microbial pathogens and pests produce effectors to modulate host processes. Aphids are phloem-feeding insects, which introduce effectors via saliva into plant cells. However, it is not known if aphid effectors have adapted to modulate processes in specific plant species. Myzus persicae is a polyphagous insect that colonizes Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana, while the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum specializes on colonizing plant species of the family Fabaceae. We found that M. persicae reproduction increased on transgenic Arabidopsis, producing the M. persicae effectors C002, PIntO1 (Mp1), and PIntO2 (Mp2), whereas reproduction of M. persicae did not increase on Arabidopsis producing the A. pisum orthologs of these three proteins. Plant-mediated RNA interference experiments showed that c002- and PIntO2-silenced M. persicae produce less progeny on Arabidopsis and N. benthamiana than nonsilenced aphids. Orthologs of c002, PIntO1, and PIntO2 were identified in multiple aphid species with dissimilar plant host ranges. We revealed high nonsynonymous versus synonymous nucleotide substitution rates within the effector orthologs, indicating that the effectors are fast evolving. Application of maximum likelihood methods identified specific sites with high probabilities of being under positive selection in PIntO1, whereas those of C002 and PIntO2 may be located in alignment gaps. In support of the latter, a M. persicae c002 mutant without the NDNQGEE repeat region, which overlaps with an alignment gap in C002, does not promote M. persicae colonization on Arabidopsis. Taken together, these results provide evidence that aphid effectors are under positive selection to promote aphid colonization on specific plant species.

The value of three cereal aphid species as food for a generalist predator

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Bilde ◽  
Soren Toft
Keyword(s):  
Aphid Species ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Cereal Aphid

Dietary overlap and food resource partitioning among fish species of a tropical estuary in Northeastern Brazil

Gaia Scientia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adna Ferreira da Silva Garcia ◽  
Ana Lúcia Vendel
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Feeding Niche ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Food Resource Partitioning

The current work investigates dietary overlap and food partitioning among nine abundant carnivorous fishes caught in the shallow waters of the Paraíba do Norte river estuary, Paraíba State, Brazil. Fishes were sampled with a beach seine net between January and December 2008 and a total of 958 specimens had their stomach content analyzed. Crustacea was the dominant food resource for Lutjanus alexandrei, L. jocu and Bathygobius soporator, whereas Telostei were consumed mainly by Centropomus undecimalis and C. parallelus. In contrast, Polychaeta were preyed upon mainly by Diapterus rhombeus, Eucinostomus argenteus, Sciades herzbergii and S. parkeri. Although most species consumed similar food items, they did that in varying proportions and amounts. Overall, the niche overlap among species was low (< 0.60), but there were several cases where pair of species had their feeding niche highly overlapped (between 0.72 and 0.97). These findings corroborate the hypothesis that food resource partitioning determines species coexistence in estuarine tropical environments.

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