Resource partitioning and asymmetric competition between sympatric freshwater and Omono types of ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Tsuruta ◽  
Akira Goto
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Pungitius Pungitius ◽  
Ninespine Stickleback ◽  
Feeding Territory ◽  
Almost All

The freshwater and Omono types of ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius (L., 1758), coexist in several ponds and a stream in the Omono River system, Japan. We tested the hypothesis that coexistence of the two types is accomplished by resource partitioning through interspecific competition. First, the stomach contents of the two types were compared between sympatric and allopatric populations: the stomach contents of the sympatric freshwater type consisted of almost all Copepoda, whereas those of the sympatric Omono type consisted of not only Copepoda, but also many large benthic invertebrates; the stomach contents of both allopatric types were similar, consisting of Copepoda and large benthic invertebrates. Second, behaviour related to resource use in a sympatric pond was observed in the nonbreeding season: the freshwater type showed little aggressive behaviour, but the Omono type had a high frequency of aggressive behaviour. These results indicate that the sympatric freshwater type does not hold a feeding territory and its food resource is almost all Copepoda, whereas the Omono type has a feeding territory and its food resources are various. This suggests that asymmetric interference competition causes a diet shift of the sympatric freshwater type, allowing the two types to coexist by their resource partitioning.

Summer foods of Atlantic walrus, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, in northern Foxe Basin, Northwest Territories

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1166-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Fisher ◽  
R. E. A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Foxe Basin ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Odobenus Rosmarus ◽  
Serripes Groenlandicus ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Odobenus Rosmarus Rosmarus ◽  
Atlantic Walrus

Stomach contents of Atlantic walrus, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, taken by Inuit hunters in northern Foxe Basin in July 1987 and 1988 (n = 105) and September 1988 (n = 2) were examined. In July, 20 of 94 stomachs from immature and adult walrus contained > 5 g of food representing 17 prey taxa, including bivalves, gastropods, holothurians, polychaetes, and brachiopods. The bivalve Mya truncata contributed 81.4% of the total gross energy in the diet, with the bivalve Hiatella arctica, holothurians, and the polychaete Nereis sp. contributing 7.5, 3.5, and 2.8%, respectively. The diets of male and female walrus were similar except that females received a significantly (P < 0.05) greater percentage of gross energy in their diet from H. arctica than did males. Walrus less than 3 years old (n = 11) consumed mostly milk, although some benthic invertebrates were eaten. Analysis of the contents of two stomachs collected in September suggested that walrus may feed more intensively in the fall. Mya truncata was again the predominant prey, contributing 59.9% of total gross energy, with the bivalve Serripes groenlandicus (37.9%) replacing H. arctica (0.3%) as the second most important prey.

scholarly journals Resource partitioning and ecomorphological variation in two syntopic species of Lebiasinidae (Characiformes) in an Amazonian stream

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália Carina dos Santos SILVA ◽  
Aluízio José Lopes da COSTA ◽  
José LOUVISE ◽  
Bruno Eleres SOARES ◽  
Vanessa Cristine e Souza REIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Feeding Niche

ABSTRACTResource partitioning is important for species coexistence. Species with similar ecomorphology are potential competitors, especially when phylogenetically close, due to niche conservatism. The aim of this study was to investigate the resource partitioning among populations of two species of lebiasinids (Copella nigrofasciata and Pyrrhulina aff. brevis) that co-occur in a first-order Amazonian stream, analyzing the trophic ecology, feeding strategies and ecomorphological attributes related to the use of food and space by these species. Fish were captured in May and September 2010. The stomach contents of 60 individuals were analyzed and quantified volumetrically to characterize the feeding ecology of both species. Eleven morphological attributes were measured in 20 specimens and combined in nine ecomorphological indices. Both species had an omnivorous-invertivorous diet and consumed predominantly allochthonous items. Both showed a tendency to a generalist diet, but intrapopulational variation in resource use was also detected. Overall feeding niche overlap was high, but differed between seasons: low during the rainy season and high in the dry season. In the latter, the food niche overlap was asymmetric because C. nigrofasciata consumed several prey of P. aff. brevis, which reduced its food spectrum. The ecomorphological analysis suggests that C. nigrofasciatahas greater swimming capacity (greater relative length of caudal peduncle) than P. aff. brevis, which has greater maneuverability and tendency to inhabit lentic environments (greater relative depth of the body). Our results demonstrate that these species have similar trophic ecology and suggest a spatial segregation, given by morphological differences related to locomotion and occupation of habitat, favoring their coexistence.

Gustatory Characteristics of Carboxylic Acids for Ninespine Stickleback Pungitius pungitius

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Mikhailova ◽  
A. O. Kasumyan
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Pungitius Pungitius ◽  
Ninespine Stickleback

Seasonal variation in the diet of a population of Hyla arborea from Romania

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Cupsa ◽  
Tibor Hartel ◽  
Severus-Daniel Covaciu-Marcov ◽  
István Sas ◽  
Éva-Hajnalka Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Hyla Arborea ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Prey Items

Abstract We examined the diet of Hyla arborea over its entire activity period (March to late September, 2004), and analysed a total of 585 adult samples. From the stomach contents we identified plant remains, shed-skin fragments, and animals. We identified a total of 2976 prey items, almost all of which originated from the terrestrial environment. Adult araneans and coleopterans were the most abundant prey items in the diet of the studied tree frogs. Some of the prey items become abundant in certain parts of the year (e.g. Homoptera, Lepidoptera larvae, Trichoptera). The dietary diversity index is high and exhibits seasonal changes. During the period of study an important seasonal change was observed in feeding intensity and in the type of consumed prey. Our results show that Hyla arborea has a broad dietary diversity which was expected as a consequence of exploiting the habitat both vertically and horizontally, possibly allowing access to a broader spectrum of prey.

Répartition des ressources et changements saisonniers de l'alimentation d'ombles de fontaine anadromes, Salvelinus fontinalis

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3068-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Gaudreault ◽  
Martin Castonguay ◽  
Gérard J. FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Brook Charr ◽  
Lower Estuary ◽  
First Time ◽  
Winter Feeding

Resource partitioning among anadromous brook charr in an estuary included habitat and prey-type partitioning. In spring and summer, juveniles were foraging in the upper estuary on crustacea and insects while adults were eating crustacea and fish in the lower estuary. In the fall, adult charr, which were all in the river, ate little. During winter, adult charr were found in the estuary and consumed crustacea and only a few fish. The relative weights of stomach contents were similar in summer and winter, showing for the first time the importance of winter feeding for this species.

Diet of snow crab in the Barents Sea and macrozoobenthic communities in its area of distribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis V Zakharov ◽  
Igor E Manushin ◽  
Tatiana B Nosova ◽  
Natalya A Strelkova ◽  
Valery A Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Snow Crab ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Novaya Zemlya Archipelago ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Almost All

Abstract This article investigates the diet of the snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and its feeding intensity in the Barents Sea. Data show that snow crab has a diverse diet that includes almost all types of benthic invertebrates living in the Barents Sea. There are differences between the diets of females and males and of juveniles and adults. Juveniles and females typically occupy shallow areas with communities of bivalve molluscs, while males typically live deeper on slopes and depressions where polychaetes and crustaceans are the most abundant groups. Stomach contents were analysed to determine the species composition and frequency of occurrence of various benthic taxa. Consumption of food was estimated and compared with data from the Russian seas of the Pacific region. The total annual consumption of macrozoobenthos by snow crab was calculated in accordance with its current distribution in the Barents Sea. Snow crab consumes at least 30 000 tonnes of benthos annually, which amounts to 0.1–0.2% of the total macrozoobenthic biomass in the investigated area. The population of snow crab causes the largest impact on the benthic communities in the northeastern part of the Barents Sea and near the south side of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago.

Early Survival and Growth of the Ninespine Stickleback, Pungitius pungitius

1972 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard L. Griswold ◽  
Lloyd L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pungitius Pungitius ◽  
Ninespine Stickleback ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Early Survival

Conspecific scarring on wild belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) in Cunningham Inlet

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jackson R. Ham ◽  
Malin K. Lilley ◽  
Heather M. Manitzas Hill
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Body Location ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Intra-specific aggression is not frequently observed in wild cetaceans, including belugas. One proxy, identified in past research, that indicates past aggressive behaviour is the presence of rake marks (scars left on skin by the teeth of conspecifics). Behavioural observations of belugas, compared to bottlenose dolphins, suggest that belugas engage in less physically aggressive behaviour; yet, a detailed study of beluga aggressive behaviour remains to be conducted. Beluga intra-specific aggression was assessed by scoring photographs taken from July to August in 2015 at Cunningham Inlet, Canada for the presence/absence and body location of rake marks. Of the 252 belugas analysed, 44% had rake marks. The results suggest that physical aggression occurs comparatively less with only half of the observed beluga population having rake marks compared to almost all bottlenose dolphins previously surveyed. We suggest social structure, skin pigmentation, and/or species-specific behaviours as explanations for the differences in rake marks among species.

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