Ballcourts and Ceramics: The Case for Hohokam Marketplaces in the Arizona Desert

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Abbott ◽  
Alexa M. Smith ◽  
Emiliano Gallaga
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Arizona Desert ◽  
Salt River ◽  
Phoenix Basin ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Reliable Mechanism

During the middle Sedentary period (ca. A.D. 1000-1070) in the deserts of southern and central Arizona, crowds from near and far regularly gathered at the centers of Hohokam villages to participate in ritual ballcourt festivities. These events were ideal venues for barter and exchange, leading some theorists to hypothesize that periodic marketplaces were associated with the ritual ballgames. Recent ceramic provenance and vessel-form evidence from the Phoenix basin have shown that the production of decorated and utilitarian pots was highly concentrated during this time and large numbers of bowls and jars were evenly distributed to far flung consumers. These findings have supported the marketplace hypothesis, suggesting that an efficient and reliable mechanism was available for moving large numbers of commodities across the region. The high volume of ceramic transactions, however, seems to have placed the Hohokam case beyond the capabilities of nascent marketplaces documented from ethnohistoric and ethnographic evidence. In this paper, we support the idea that market-place barter was a central component of the Hohokam economy by presenting new ceramic data from the lower Salt River valley, which temporally links the demise of the ballcourt ceremonialism with a transformation in the organization of pottery production and distribution. We then examine some unusual circumstances pertaining to the Hohokam regional system that may help to explain how consumers could have so heavily depended on a network of horizontally organized, periodic marketplaces for basic necessities like earthenware containers.

Extensive and Long-Term Specialization: Hohokam Ceramic Production in the Phoenix Basin, Arizona

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Salt River ◽  
Phoenix Basin ◽  
Prehistoric Southwest ◽  
Salt River Valley ◽  
Clay Pots ◽  
The Phoenix

The ceramic evidence from 10 sites in the lower Salt River valley, Arizona, represents the entire temporal interval defined as the pre-Classic era of Hohokam prehistory. These data indicate that nearly all of the clay pots consumed in the valley over a period lasting six centuries were manufactured by just a few potter groups. The uninterrupted duration, high volume, and the large variety of vessel forms and wares produced for exchange may have been unparalleled in the prehistoric Southwest. A temporally comprehensive model of pottery manufacture in the Phoenix basin is presented, its implications for the origins of specialization, and the influence of intensive irrigation are discussed. In addition, the implications are considered for a previously published model of the Hohokam economy centered on marketplace transactions (Abbott, Smith, and Gallaga 2007).

The brevity and severity of ‘Golden Age’ piracy trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Conviction Rate ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Calendar Date ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Opening Statements

A sampling of piracy and piracy-related trials involving mainly English (later British) and colonial courts between 1670 and 1731 shows that from opening statements through deliberations they were rapid affairs, few extending beyond a single calendar date, and that on average they appear to have convicted about six of every 10 defendants who pleaded Not Guilty. That conviction figure is impacted by high-volume trials in 1700 and 1722 that acquitted relatively large numbers of defendants; eliminating these two trials from the mix yields a significantly higher conviction rate (about seven in 10) for those who pleaded Not Guilty. This article presents its sampling data, noting appropriate cautions, in the context of the era’s legal proceedings and practices.

In the Aftermath of Teotihuacan: Epiclassic Pottery Production and Distribution in the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Destiny Crider ◽  
Deborah L. Nichols ◽  
Hector Neff ◽  
Michael D. Glascock
Keyword(s):  
Pottery Production ◽  
Production And Distribution

The sigillata manufactories of Pergamon and Sagalassos

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 143-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Poblome ◽  
Octavian Bounegru ◽  
Patrick Degryse ◽  
Willy Viaene ◽  
Marc Waelkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precious Metal ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Regional Demand ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Exchange Patterns

The Late Hellenistic period saw the intensification of pottery mass-production processes, of which Eastern Sigillata may be considered the pearl in the crown. Reddish tableware had a long tradition in the Levant and its evolution culminated around 150 B.C., in the region between Tarsos and Laodikeia, with the production of Eastern Sigillata A (ESA). More or less simultaneously, but independently, the manufacturing of Eastern Sigillata C (ESC) was initiated at Pergamon. Within a couple of decades the new range of tableware would establish itself in both regions of production, and other pottery production centres picked up the trend with, for instance, the production of Eastern Sigillata D (ESD) in SW Cyprus and the Late Hellenistic predecessor of Sagalassos red slip ware (SRSW) at Pisidian Sagalassos. No doubt, many more regional centres followed suit.The new tableware only gradually made its way, starting to replace other common Late Hellenistic types of fine ware. Only by the end of the Hellenistic period did sigillata become common on most Eastern tables. ESA was clearly in a league of its own, predominating through out the E Mediterranean and beyond. ESD was mainly restricted to Cyprus and the Levant, whereas ESC and Late Hellenistic SRSW remained of regional importance. More research is needed to evaluate the supra-regional demand for ESA in a social context, how this demand may have formed part of wider-ranging commercial activities of Levantine merchants in the E Mediterranean, how the geo-political shifts orchestrated by Rome may have influenced the exchange patterns, and how the other types of Eastern Sigillata and Late Hellenistic tablewares fit into this pattern and relate to prototypes in precious metal, For instance, the island emporion of Delos, handed over to Athens in 167 B.C. and especially favoured by the Romans after the destruction of Corinth in 146 B.C., may have been of crucial importance in establishing the distribution pattern of early ESA. Delos catered to the needs of Italy, which had grown powerful and rich in the 2nd c. B.C., by funnelling large numbers of slaves and a wide variety of luxury products, mainly from the Near East, to Rome. Levantine merchants contributed greatly to the success of Delos by controlling the supply mechanisms. As a result, ESA may have grown into a desirable surrogate for Eastern precious metal plate and thus acquired an esteemed position in the tableware market (cf. Cic, ad Att. 115 [VI.1] 13, dated 50 B.C., on vasa Rhosica).

scholarly journals Curved-crease origami face shields for infection control

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245737
Author(s):  
Aurimas Bukauskas ◽  
Antiopi Koronaki ◽  
Ting-Uei Lee ◽  
Daniel Ott ◽  
M. Wesam Al Asali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Face

The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE). Face shields are an important component of PPE for front-line workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing protection of the face from splashes and sprays of virus-containing fluids. Existing face shield designs and manufacturing procedures may not allow for production and distribution of face shields in sufficient volume to meet global demand, particularly in Low and Middle-Income countries. This paper presents a simple, fast, and cost-effective curved-crease origami technique for transforming flat sheets of flexible plastic material into face shields for infection control. It is further shown that the design could be produced using a variety of manufacturing methods, ranging from manual techniques to high-volume die-cutting and creasing. This demonstrates the potential for the design to be applied in a variety of contexts depending on available materials, manufacturing capabilities and labour. An easily implemented and flexible physical-digital parametric design methodology for rapidly exploring and refining variations on the design is presented, potentially allowing others to adapt the design to accommodate a wide range of ergonomic and protection requirements.

scholarly journals The Role of High-Volume Ranches as Cattle Suppliers: Supply Chain Connections and Cattle Production in Mato Grosso

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1098
Author(s):  
Raquel Carvalho ◽  
Lisa Rausch ◽  
Jacob Munger ◽  
Holly K. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Land Cover Data ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Animal Transport

Brazil’s zero-deforestation Cattle Agreements (CAs) have influenced the supply chain but their impact on deforestation has been limited in part because slaughterhouses monitor deforestation only on the properties they buy from directly. Consequently, deforestation continues to enter the supply chain indirectly from properties that are not monitored. Knowledge gaps and data limitations have made it challenging to close this loophole and achieve meaningful reductions in deforestation. Here we leverage our large property-level supply chain database that links together six years of records from the Animal Transport Guide (GTA), high-resolution satellite data, property boundaries, and land cover data to quantify different types of supply chain connections and characterize cattle production in Mato Grosso. We find that a relatively small number of high-volume suppliers—defined as the top 5% of cattle suppliers in terms of the volume of cattle sold–supplied 50–60% of the total volume purchased by major slaughterhouses. One-fourth of high-volume direct suppliers cleared forest between 2009–2018, and 90% of them also bought from indirect suppliers with deforestation, leading these high-volume direct suppliers to act as funnels for deforestation into the supply chain. Because they serve as important hubs in the supply chain, high-volume suppliers may represent a key starting point to expand the CAs to cover large numbers of indirect suppliers.

After 30 Years and During a Pandemic: Pottery Production and Distribution in Bagacay, Talibon in the Island of Bohol in the Philippines | Pagkalipas ng Tatlumpung Taon at sa Panahon ng Pandemya: Produksyon at Distribusyon ng Seramiko sa Bagacay, Talibon sa Isla ng Bohol sa Pilipinas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhayan Gatbonton Melendres ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Training Workshop ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Production Organization ◽  
The Village

In 1986, SEAMEO SPAFA conducted training in Ethnoarchaeology in Bagacay, Talibon, from July 22 to September 22. From the training workshop and ethnographic fieldwork in the village, Mary Jane Calderon and Thelma Roales, who attended the course, wrote an article for the SPAFA Digest in 1987 to describe the village’s pottery-making tradition. After 30 years, I re-visited and conducted pottery studies in Bagagay, Talibon pre-pandemic in 2017 to 2018 and during the pandemic in 2021. Using ethnoarchaeology as a research strategy and participant observation and survey interview as methods, I will identify and describe the ceramic production, organization, and distribution changes in Bagacay, Talibon, Bohol for the last 30 years and during this pandemic. Noong 1986, and SEAMEO SPAFA ay nagsagawa ng pagsasanay sa Ethnoarkeolohiya sa Bagacay, Talibon noong Hunyo 22 hanggang Setyembre 22. Pagkatapos ng pagsasanay at ethnograpikong pagaaral sa komunidad, sina Mary Jane Calderon at Thelma Roales ay nagsulat ng artikulo para sa SPAFA Digest nuong 1987 para ilarawan ang tradisyon ng paggwa ng seramiko sa pamayanan. Pagkalipas ng 30 taon, ako ay bumisita at nagsaliksik ulit sa nasabing nayon bago ang pandemya nuong 2017 hanggang 2018 at sa kasagsagan ng pandemiko nito lamang 2021. Gamit ang ethnoarkeolohiya bilang stratehiyang sa pananaliksik at pakikiugaling pagmamasid at sarbey na panayam bilang metodo, aking kikilalanin at ilalarawan ang mga pagbabago sa produksyon, organisasyon, at distribusyon ng seramiko sa Bagacay, Talibon sa Bohol pagkalipas ng tatlumpung taon at ngayong panahon ng pandemya.

Patterns Relevant to the Temporal Data-Context of an Alarm of Interest

2010 ◽  
pp. 18-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savo Kordic ◽  
Chiou Peng Lam ◽  
Jitian Xiao ◽  
Huaizhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Data Mining Technique ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
Active Exploration

The productivity of chemical plants and petroleum refineries depends on the performance of alarm systems. Alarm history collected from distributed control systems (DCS) provides useful information about past plant alarm system performance. However, the discovery of patterns and relationships from such data can be very difficult and costly. Due to various factors such as a high volume of alarm data (especially during plant upsets), huge amounts of nuisance alarms, and very large numbers of individual alarm tags, manual identification and analysis of alarm logs is usually a labor-intensive and time-consuming task. This chapter describes a data mining approach for analyzing alarm logs in a chemical plant. The main idea of the approach is to investigate dependencies between alarms effectively by considering the temporal context and time intervals between different alarm types, and then employing a data mining technique capable of discovering patterns associated with these time intervals. A prototype has been implemented to allow an active exploration of the alarm grouping data space relevant to the tags of interest.

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