Asymmetric Cognitive Clock Structures in West African Rhythms

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Magill ◽  
Jeffrey L. Pressing
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
West African ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Substantial Modification ◽  
Pulse Stream ◽  
Pattern Production ◽  
Bimanual Tapping

Results of an experimental investigation of pattern production by a West African (Asante) master drummer are reported. He performed bimanual tapping, with the Kete time-line pattern in one hand and either a regular 3-pulse or a regular 4-pulse in the other hand. Experimental variables manipulated were pulse-stream size (three or four), pulse hand allocation (left or right), and recording protocol, which was either synchronous (played in relation to a computer-generated tone) or spontaneous (no tone). Structural equation modeling was used to systematically examine the comparative fit of two mental models: an asymmetric timeline- ground (TLG) model, which represents a computational elaboration of traditional African understanding, and a pulse-ground (PG) model, which is based on Western ideas of regular meter. The African-based TLG model with at most minor adjustment provided an excellent fit for seven of eight experimental conditions; one condition achieved a good fit only after more substantial modification of the model. The African TLG model achieved superiority over the Western PG model only under certain specific conditions, suggesting that the use of the African cognitive model is subtle, context-dependent, and linked to specific training regimes.

The Affiliative Role of Empathy in Everyday Interpersonal Interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Empathy theoretically serves an affiliative interpersonal function by satisfying motives for intimacy and union with others. Accordingly, empathy is expected to vary depending on the situation. Inconsistent empirical support for empathy’s affiliative role may be due to methodology focused on individual differences in empathy or differences between controlled experimental conditions, which fail to capture its dynamic and interpersonal nature. To address these shortcomings, we used ecological momentary assessment to establish typical patterns of empathy across everyday interactions. Associations among empathy, affect, and interpersonal behavior of self and interaction partner were examined in a student sample (N=330), then replicated in a pre-registered community sample (N=279). Multi-level structural equation modeling was used to distinguish individual differences in empathy from interaction-level effects. Results show people are more empathetic during positively-valanced interactions with others perceived as warm and when expressing warmth. By confirming the typically affiliative role of empathy, existing research to the contrary can be best understood as exceptions to the norm.

Perceived control and purchase intention in online shopping: The mediating role of self-efficacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahong Li ◽  
Zhipeng Xu ◽  
Fuming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Customer Services

We investigated whether or not self-efficacy mediated the enhancing effect of perceived control on purchase intention in online shopping. We randomly assigned 263 participants to experimental conditions in which they encountered different customer services. We assessed their perceived control, self-efficacy, and purchase intention via a self-evaluation survey. Results indicated that participants with the availability of live customer service had a higher level of perceived control and stronger purchase intention. There were significantly positive correlations among perceived control, self-efficacy, and purchase intention. Structural equation modeling showed that self-efficacy was a significant partial mediator of the effect of perceived control on purchase intention, accounting for 17.4% of the total effect. This finding implies that the provision of customer service in online shopping that leads consumers to have a perception of greater control can enhance their self-efficacy, and induce stronger purchase intention.

Infant negative reactivity defines the effects of parent–child synchrony on physiological and behavioral regulation of social stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 1191-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maayan Pratt ◽  
Magi Singer ◽  
Yaniv Kanat-Maymon ◽  
Ruth Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Negative Reactivity ◽  
The Face

AbstractHow infants shape their own development has puzzled developmentalists for decades. Recent models suggest that infant dispositions, particularly negative reactivity and regulation, affect outcome by determining the extent of parental effects. Here, we used a microanalytic experimental approach and proposed that infants with varying levels of negative reactivity will be differentially impacted by parent–infant synchrony in predicting physiological and behavioral regulation of increasing social stress during an experimental paradigm. One hundred and twenty-two mother–infant dyads (4–6 months) were observed in the face-to-face still face (SF) paradigm and randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: SF with touch, standard SF, and SF with arms’ restraint. Mother–infant synchrony and infant negative reactivity were observed at baseline, and three mechanisms of behavior regulation were microcoded; distress, disengagement, and social regulation. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia baseline, reactivity, and recovery were quantified. Structural equation modeling provided support for our hypothesis. For physiological regulation, infants high in negative reactivity receiving high mother–infant synchrony showed greater vagal withdrawal, which in turn predicted comparable levels of vagal recovery to that of nonreactive infants. In behavioral regulation, only infants low in negative reactivity who received high synchrony were able to regulate stress by employing social engagement cues during the SF phase. Distress was reduced only among calm infants to highly synchronous mothers, and disengagement was lowest among highly reactive infants experiencing high mother–infant synchrony. Findings chart two pathways by which synchrony may bolster regulation in infants of high and low reactivity. Among low reactive infants, synchrony builds a social repertoire for handling interpersonal stress, whereas in highly reactive infants, it constructs a platform for repeated reparation of momentary interactive “failures” and reduces the natural tendency of stressed infants to disengage from source of distress. Implications for the construction of synchrony-focused interventions targeting infants of varying dispositions are discussed.

Weather, Values, Capacity and Concern: Toward a Social-Cognitive Model of Specialty Crop Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 001391652110266
Author(s):  
Guang Han ◽  
Ethan D. Schoolman ◽  
J. Gordon Arbuckle ◽  
Lois Wright Morton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Change Risk ◽  
Specialty Crop

As specialty crop production has become increasingly important to U.S. agriculture, public and private stakeholders have called for research and outreach efforts centered on risks posed by climate change. Drawing on a survey of specialty crop farmers, this study explores farmers’ perceptions of climate change risks. Underlying cognitive, experiential, and socio-cultural factors hypothesized to influence farmers’ climate change risk perceptions are tested using structural equation modeling techniques. Results show that specialty crop farmers exhibit an overall moderate concern about climatic risks. The more capable and prepared farmers feel themselves to be, the less concerned they are about climate change. Farmers who have recently experienced more extreme weather events perceive climate change to present greater risks. In addition, farmers’ risk perceptions are also shaped by attitudes toward human exemptionalism and productivism values. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for outreach and future research.

A cognitive model for understanding fraudulent behavior in construction industry

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Hu ◽  
Xiaopeng Deng ◽  
Amin Mahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

PurposePrevious fraud studies focused on the influence of external environmental factors rather than the actor's own cognition or psychological factors. This paper aims to explore the influence of cognitive factors on people's intention to commit fraud in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachA scenario-based questionnaire survey was conducted with 248 Chinese construction practitioners. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe findings showed that perceived threat possibility and perceived threat severity positively affected people's attitudes towards fraud. The reward for compliance and response cost had adverse effects on people's attitudes. Attitude towards fraud and response efficacy directly influenced people's intentions to commit fraud.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this study are that only behavioral intention data were collected, and a single scenario was designed. Despite these limitations, this study proposed a cognitive model to understand fraud in the construction industry and provided an empirical analysis using data from Chinese construction practitioners.Originality/valueThis study reveals the impact of cognitive factors on fraud in the construction industry. The results expand the understanding of fraud and propose a cognitive intervention framework to reduce fraud.

Activating multiple roles of customer-firm relationships in service failures

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Sajtos ◽  
Yit Sean Chong
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Service Recovery ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
Excellent Service ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Scholars have proposed that the negative effects of service failures can be countered by developing and maintaining high quality customer-company relationships or by providing excellent service recovery to customers. While both strategies have been proposed as ways to overcome the negative effects of service failures, there are only a limited number of studies that have examined their joint effects. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by investigating the impact of these two strategies jointly on rumination (brooding and reflection), anger and customer forgiveness (revenge, avoidance and benevolence). Design/methodology/approach The experimental design used in this study is an adaptation of Mattila’s (2001) research design, which manipulated both the level of service recovery and relationship. A total of 677 respondents were assigned randomly to one of the six experimental conditions. Multi-group structural equation modeling was employed to estimate the proposed model across three relational conditions. Findings This study suggests that the buffering effects are directly triggered by the impact of relationships, whereas, the magnifying effects are primarily related to the customer’s cognitive processes. This study reveals multiple forms of concurrent buffering and magnifying effects in service failures. Originality/value The findings of the study led to a classification system of the various forms of buffering and magnifying effects of relationships in the event of service failures. The four active roles of relationships are identified as damage control, benefit catalyst, benefit attenuator and damage catalyst. This proposed typology breaks new ground for theorizing about relationship utilization in negative incidents.

Analysis on the influential factors of transformation resistance of small and medium enterprise managers

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Jia-Yen Huang ◽  
Shih-Jhe Lin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Endogenous Variables ◽  
Organizational Inertia ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Belief Changes

The majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan are original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) or original design manufacturers (ODMs). Given the growing intensity of global competition, transformation from OEM or ODM to a branded enterprise is a key concern for SMEs. SMEs’ branding processes are subject to numerous problems and among them, resistance by organization members is considered the most critical. Previous studies have largely focused on factors contributing to branding success or resistance by an organization’s employees, and few have addressed the implications of SMEs managers’ resistance to branding. To address the research gap, this study constructs a cognitive model for managers’ resistant behavior while drawing on the theory of planned behavior. Then, applying structural equation modeling, this study confirms that four exogenous variables, perceived belief, changes in job characteristics, organizational inertia, and social factors, directly influence two endogenous variables, managers’ attitude toward resistant behavior and the subjective norms of resistant behavior. Using demographic variables as independent variables, this study conducts a logistic regression analysis to predict companies resistant to branding on the basis of their background characteristics. The results highlight that the three factors with the highest predictive powers are organizational inertia, job position, and capitalization.

Test of a social cognitive model of well-being among breast cancer survivors

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisha L Raque-Bogdan ◽  
Robert W Lent ◽  
Brooke Lamphere
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Emotional Impact

Given the potentially long-standing emotional impact of breast cancer, theoretical models are needed to identify critical resources and coping strategies that optimize survivors’ long-term adjustment. This study tested a model of well-being recovery with breast cancer survivors at 4 years post-treatment. Structural equation modeling was used to examine relationships between affect, loneliness, self-compassion, self-efficacy for coping with cancer, well-being, and life satisfaction. Two model variations offered good fit to the data, accounting for large portions of the variance in well-being and life satisfaction. Coping efficacy mediated paths from affect and loneliness to emotional well-being and life satisfaction.

Cross-border online shopping experiences of Chinese shoppers

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunsoo Baek ◽  
Ha Kyung Lee ◽  
Ho Jung Choo
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Product Authenticity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how geographic cues embedded in a website affect Chinese consumers’ cross-border shopping experiences. The study simultaneously explores the effect of telepresence on shoppers’ perceptions of product authenticity and their trust in retailers, key drivers of behavioral intentions. Design/methodology/approach Two experimental conditions were utilized. Geographic cues depicted a famous shopping district in the retailer’s country (South Korea) or the shopper’s country (China). Study participants were female Chinese consumers in their 20s and 30s who had purchased Korean fashion products in the past (n=236). Structural equation modeling was conducted using AMOS 21.0. Findings Results indicate that participants in the “retailer’s country” experimental condition experienced higher telepresence and greater perceptions of product authenticity. Furthermore, telepresence increased participants’ trust in the retailer and perceived product authenticity, which led to positive behavioral intentions. Practical implications Findings offer important implications for cross-border online retailing. First, results suggest a highly successful tactic for enhancing shoppers’ perceptions of product authenticity and retailer trust on a cross-border platform. Second, cross-border online business professionals should focus on the role of telepresence. Finally, this study provides insight about Chinese cross-border shoppers. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on cross-border online shopping. It suggests that the strategic use of geographic cues on a website can provide an experiential benefit, telepresence, to cross-border shoppers. The study’s findings provide a novel insight into possible unique success factors in cross-border e-commerce.

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