Infant negative reactivity defines the effects of parent–child synchrony on physiological and behavioral regulation of social stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 1191-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maayan Pratt ◽  
Magi Singer ◽  
Yaniv Kanat-Maymon ◽  
Ruth Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Negative Reactivity ◽  
The Face

AbstractHow infants shape their own development has puzzled developmentalists for decades. Recent models suggest that infant dispositions, particularly negative reactivity and regulation, affect outcome by determining the extent of parental effects. Here, we used a microanalytic experimental approach and proposed that infants with varying levels of negative reactivity will be differentially impacted by parent–infant synchrony in predicting physiological and behavioral regulation of increasing social stress during an experimental paradigm. One hundred and twenty-two mother–infant dyads (4–6 months) were observed in the face-to-face still face (SF) paradigm and randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: SF with touch, standard SF, and SF with arms’ restraint. Mother–infant synchrony and infant negative reactivity were observed at baseline, and three mechanisms of behavior regulation were microcoded; distress, disengagement, and social regulation. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia baseline, reactivity, and recovery were quantified. Structural equation modeling provided support for our hypothesis. For physiological regulation, infants high in negative reactivity receiving high mother–infant synchrony showed greater vagal withdrawal, which in turn predicted comparable levels of vagal recovery to that of nonreactive infants. In behavioral regulation, only infants low in negative reactivity who received high synchrony were able to regulate stress by employing social engagement cues during the SF phase. Distress was reduced only among calm infants to highly synchronous mothers, and disengagement was lowest among highly reactive infants experiencing high mother–infant synchrony. Findings chart two pathways by which synchrony may bolster regulation in infants of high and low reactivity. Among low reactive infants, synchrony builds a social repertoire for handling interpersonal stress, whereas in highly reactive infants, it constructs a platform for repeated reparation of momentary interactive “failures” and reduces the natural tendency of stressed infants to disengage from source of distress. Implications for the construction of synchrony-focused interventions targeting infants of varying dispositions are discussed.

The Affiliative Role of Empathy in Everyday Interpersonal Interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Empathy theoretically serves an affiliative interpersonal function by satisfying motives for intimacy and union with others. Accordingly, empathy is expected to vary depending on the situation. Inconsistent empirical support for empathy’s affiliative role may be due to methodology focused on individual differences in empathy or differences between controlled experimental conditions, which fail to capture its dynamic and interpersonal nature. To address these shortcomings, we used ecological momentary assessment to establish typical patterns of empathy across everyday interactions. Associations among empathy, affect, and interpersonal behavior of self and interaction partner were examined in a student sample (N=330), then replicated in a pre-registered community sample (N=279). Multi-level structural equation modeling was used to distinguish individual differences in empathy from interaction-level effects. Results show people are more empathetic during positively-valanced interactions with others perceived as warm and when expressing warmth. By confirming the typically affiliative role of empathy, existing research to the contrary can be best understood as exceptions to the norm.

scholarly journals Pollinators mediate floral microbial diversity and network under agrochemical disturbance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wei ◽  
Avery L. Russell ◽  
Abigail R. Jarrett ◽  
Tia-Lynn Ashman
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Managed Ecosystems ◽  
Microbiome Assembly

AbstractHow pollinators mediate microbiome assembly in the anthosphere is a major unresolved question of theoretical and applied importance in the face of anthropogenic disturbance. We addressed this question by linking visitation of diverse pollinator functional groups (bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, beetles, true bugs and other taxa) to the key properties of floral microbiome (microbial α- and β-diversity and microbial network) under agrochemical disturbance, using a field experiment of bactericide and fungicide treatments on cultivated strawberries that differ in flower abundance. Structural equation modeling was used to link agrochemical disturbance and flower abundance to pollinator visitation to floral microbiome properties. Our results revealed that (1) pollinator visitation influenced the α- and β-diversity and network centrality of floral microbiome, with different pollinator functional groups affecting different microbiome properties; (2) flower abundance influenced floral microbiome both directly by governing the source pool of microbes and indirectly by enhancing pollinator visitation; and (3) agrochemical disturbance affected floral microbiome primarily directly by fungicide, and less so indirectly via pollinator visitation. These findings improve the mechanistic understanding of floral microbiome assembly, and may be generalizable to many other plants that are visited by diverse insect pollinators in natural and managed ecosystems.

scholarly journals PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMASARAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN WISATAWAN MELALUI KUALITAS PELAYANAN (STUDI KASUS OBYEK WISATA KEPULAUAN SERIBU)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Sukarni Novita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Face

Tourism sector became strategic and significant when it taken seriously and done professionally. Selling tourism products and services need not only a coordination, but a good cooperation between all organizations that are responsible for developing tourism sector and all parties involved or associated with tourism activities. One effort that can be done is to develop a marketing strategy that is expected to attract tourists back and also can create self-satisfaction in tourists.To obtain optimal results, this marketing strategy has a broad scope in the field of marketing of which is a strategy in the face of competition, pricing strategy, product strategy, service strategy and so on. Therefore, this study will analyze about the influence of marketing strategies and quality of service to tourist satisfaction.The method used in this research is quantitative with the questionnaire as a data collection tool to obtain the responses of the respondents regarding the variables in this study. The data analysis technique used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Respondents involved in this study are 120 tourists that also customers of CV Ryzqi Samudra.The research proves that the marketing strategy has a positive and significant impact on the quality of services and satisfaction of tourists. Variable quality of service also has a positive and significant impact on tourist satisfaction.

scholarly journals SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS: A 6-YEAR CROSS-LAGGED PANEL ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S754-S755
Author(s):  
James Muruthi ◽  
J Tina Savla
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
Religious Services ◽  
Older African Americans

Abstract Although previous studies have extensively investigated the cross-sectional relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms in late life, longitudinal studies have produced mixed results. Furthermore, studies on the associations between these two concepts among aging African Americans are few. Using a sample of 1688 older African Americans adults from waves 1 and 7 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (60% women; Average age = 77 years), the present study investigates the longitudinal associations between social engagement (an index from scores on visiting friends and family, attending religious services, attending religious services, participating in group activities, and going out for enjoyment) and depressive symptoms across seven years. Structural equation modeling was used to test cross-lagged relationships between the variables. Findings suggest that social engagement at baseline significantly predicted subsequent depressive symptoms and social engagement. Depressive symptoms at baseline, however, were not significantly associated with subsequent social engagement. These findings suggest that low social engagement in older African Americans is directly associated with increased depressive symptoms over time, but not vice versa. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the barriers of social engagement for older African Americans and its effects on their mental health.

Perceived control and purchase intention in online shopping: The mediating role of self-efficacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahong Li ◽  
Zhipeng Xu ◽  
Fuming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Customer Services

We investigated whether or not self-efficacy mediated the enhancing effect of perceived control on purchase intention in online shopping. We randomly assigned 263 participants to experimental conditions in which they encountered different customer services. We assessed their perceived control, self-efficacy, and purchase intention via a self-evaluation survey. Results indicated that participants with the availability of live customer service had a higher level of perceived control and stronger purchase intention. There were significantly positive correlations among perceived control, self-efficacy, and purchase intention. Structural equation modeling showed that self-efficacy was a significant partial mediator of the effect of perceived control on purchase intention, accounting for 17.4% of the total effect. This finding implies that the provision of customer service in online shopping that leads consumers to have a perception of greater control can enhance their self-efficacy, and induce stronger purchase intention.

Asymmetric Cognitive Clock Structures in West African Rhythms

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Magill ◽  
Jeffrey L. Pressing
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
West African ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Substantial Modification ◽  
Pulse Stream ◽  
Pattern Production ◽  
Bimanual Tapping

Results of an experimental investigation of pattern production by a West African (Asante) master drummer are reported. He performed bimanual tapping, with the Kete time-line pattern in one hand and either a regular 3-pulse or a regular 4-pulse in the other hand. Experimental variables manipulated were pulse-stream size (three or four), pulse hand allocation (left or right), and recording protocol, which was either synchronous (played in relation to a computer-generated tone) or spontaneous (no tone). Structural equation modeling was used to systematically examine the comparative fit of two mental models: an asymmetric timeline- ground (TLG) model, which represents a computational elaboration of traditional African understanding, and a pulse-ground (PG) model, which is based on Western ideas of regular meter. The African-based TLG model with at most minor adjustment provided an excellent fit for seven of eight experimental conditions; one condition achieved a good fit only after more substantial modification of the model. The African TLG model achieved superiority over the Western PG model only under certain specific conditions, suggesting that the use of the African cognitive model is subtle, context-dependent, and linked to specific training regimes.

scholarly journals Effect of Service Quality Dimension and Marketing Mixed Dimension of Consumer Loyalty with Consumer Satisfaction as Mediation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Yohanes Andrianto ◽  
Singgih Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mixed Dimension

The phenomenon of the emergence of many souvenir shops in the Purbalingga area of Central Java has resulted in increasingly strong business competition. In order to survive in the face of competition, business actors need to pay attention to important aspects in running their business. The author takes several aspects, namely the dimensions of service quality (physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy) and the dimensions of the marketing mix (products, prices, places, promotions) that can influence customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as mediation. The author makes the Original Nopia Shop as a research object because the shop is one of the souvenir shops that are quite old and famous in the Purbalingga area. The design of this study was a survey using a questionnaire distributed to 200 respondents of Original Nopia Store customers with a purposive random sampling method. Research variables were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and obtained the following results: (1) Service quality significantly influences customer satisfaction, (2) Marketing Mix does not significantly influence customer satisfaction, (3) Consumer satisfaction has a significant effect on consumer loyalty, (4) consumer satisfaction does not mediate between the influence of service quality on consumer loyalty, (5) consumer satisfaction is able to mediate between the influence of marketing mix on consumer loyalty, (6) consumer satisfaction does not mediate between the influence of service quality and marketing mix simultaneously towards consumer loyalty.

An autonomy-supportive intervention to develop students’ resilience by boosting agentic engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnmarshall Reeve ◽  
Sung Hyeon Cheon ◽  
Tae Ho Yu
Keyword(s):  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Everyday Classroom ◽  
Supportive Intervention

In the face of everyday classroom challenges, students display resilience by responding with increased agentic engagement. We hypothesized that this tendency toward greater initiative and lesser passivity was both an outcome of autonomy need satisfaction and autonomy-supportive teaching and a predictor of students’ future capacity to experience autonomy satisfaction and to recruit autonomy support. Twenty-two physical education (PE) teachers and their 1,422 Korean students (648 females, 773 males; 929 middle schoolers, 493 high schoolers) were randomly assigned to participate in an autonomy-supportive intervention program (ASIP), and we assessed their students’ autonomy satisfaction, autonomy dissatisfaction, agentic engagement, and agentic disengagement at the beginning, middle, and end of an academic year. By midyear, a multilevel structural equation modeling analysis showed that students of teachers who participated in the ASIP reported greater autonomy satisfaction and agentic engagement and lesser autonomy dissatisfaction and agentic disengagement and also that these gains in agentic engagement and declines in agentic disengagement then predicted those students who were able at year-end to self-generate autonomy need satisfaction and recruit teacher-provided autonomy support.

scholarly journals OLDER ADULTS’ HEALTH AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SUBJECTIVE LIFE EXPECTANCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S694-S694
Author(s):  
Dahee Kim ◽  
Kyuho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling

Abstract Older adults’ mental and physical health is likely to limit social engagement, but their perception of how much time they have left, according to the socio-emotional selectivity theory, might influence it as well. The aim of the research is to investigate the mediating effect of subjective life expectancy (SLE) on the pathways from older adults’ mental health and functional limitation to volunteering and contacts with close relationships. The current research used data of 5,285 older adults aged 50 to 75 from the Health and Retirement Study collected in 2014. Structural equation modeling was performed to investigate the direct effect of older adults’ depressive symptoms and functional limitation on volunteering and contact with close relationships. Predictors’ indirect effects via SLE was also assessed. The results indicated that older adults’ higher depressive symptoms and functional limitations significantly decreased volunteering time and frequency of contacts with close relationships. Older adults’ SLE attenuated the effects of depressive symptoms and functional limitations on their volunteering time and frequency of contact with close relationships. The findings describe the mechanism of how older adults engage in volunteering and contact with close relationships through their perception of remaining time. Further, this research highlights SLE as a motivator for encouragement of older adults’ social engagement.

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