A New Method for Extracting Soil Samples

Weeds ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Robinson ◽  
O. B. Wooten ◽  
F. E. Fulgham
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
New Method

Quantification of Tire-Tread Particles Using Extractable Organic Zinc as Tracer

1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Fauser ◽  
Jens Christian Tjell ◽  
Hans Mosbaek ◽  
Kim Pilegaard
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
New Method ◽  
Organic Zinc

Abstract A method for identifying and quantifying tire-tread particles in the environment has been developed. It is based on the measurement of extractable organic zinc. The high sensitivity of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with a heated graphite atomizer (HGA) permits assessment of submilligram amounts of tire debris in environmental samples. The analysis is performed on aerosol and soil samples. This new method is more accurate and faster than the previously reported IR method.

A New Method for Isolating Members of the Acrasieæ from Soil Samples

Nature ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 170 (4320) ◽  
pp. 284-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. KITZKE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
New Method

scholarly journals Detection of Multiple Verticillium Species in Soil Using Density Flotation and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1571-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Debode ◽  
K. Van Poucke ◽  
S. C. França ◽  
M. Maes ◽  
M. Höfte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
New Method ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Wet Sieving

Wet sieving of soil samples, followed by plating on semi-selective medium and microscopic analysis, is the most commonly used technique to quantify microsclerotia-forming Verticillium species in soil. However, the method is restricted to small samples, does not allow easy differentiation between species, and takes several weeks to complete. This study describes an alternative method to test 100-g soil samples for three Verticillium species (V. tricorpus, V. dahliae, and V. longisporum) using density flotation-based extraction of microsclerotia followed by new real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Primers for these real-time PCR assays were designed to the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer for V. tricorpus and the β-tubulin gene for V. dahliae + V. longisporum and V. longisporum. Tests with artificially and naturally infested soils showed that the new method is reproducible and sensitive (0.1 to 0.5 microsclerotia/g soil), allows differentiation among the three species, and can be completed in one day. The results of the new method and the wet-sieving method were highly correlated for V. tricorpus (R2 = 0.78), but not for V. dahliae/V. longisporum, probably due to the loss of germinability of V. dahliae/V. longisporum microsclerotia during prolonged dry storage of the soil.

A New Method for Estimating Seed Numbers in the Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Gross ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
New Method ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species

An elutriation system was developed to estimate weed seed densities in soil. The system provided reliable estimates of seed densities for weed species with a broad range of seed weights (0.06 to 9.80 mg) and had no effect on seed viability of three weed species tested. Elutriation of soil samples (up to 60 g) taken from a cultivated field took approximately 15 min. Separating, classifying, and counting seeds is time consuming (20 to 30 min per sample) but provides an accurate estimate of seed densities for weeds with a diameter of 0.5 mm or more.

scholarly journals Новий спосіб дослідження ґрунту на наявність яєць нематод

2019 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
В. В. Мельничук
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
New Method ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
Flotation Solution

Мета статті – удосконалити спосіб дослідження ґрунту на наявність яєць нематод. Методика дослідження. Використано способи, що ґрунтуються на методах флотації із застосуванням насичених розчинів солей: загальновідомі (Романенко,1968 та Гуджабідзе, 1969, Долбіна та ін., 2012) та удосконалений. Проведено комплекс паразитологічних досліджень з метою визначення найбільш ефективної щільності удосконаленого флотаційного розчину, а також встановлення у порівняльному аспекті ефективності запропонованого та загальновідомих способів дослідження ґрунту на наявність яєць нематод. Результати дослідження. Доведено, що найбільш оптимальним для проведення дослідження слід вважати двокомпонентний флотаційний розчин неорганічної солі у поєднанні з лугом, щільність якого коливається в межах від 1,38 до 1,39 г/см3. Запропонований спосіб порівняно із загальновідомими (Романенко,1968 і Гуджабідзе, 1969; Долбіна та ін., 2012) виявився ефективнішим на 24,04 й 38,66 % за показником кількості виявлених яєць у ґрунті та на 1,78 й 34,70 % за ергономічністю. Елементи наукової новизни. Удосконалено та випробувано новий спосіб дослідження проб ґрунту на наявність яєць нематод, що має високий показник ефективності та є ергономічним. Практична значущість. Результати одержаних даних дозволяють рекомендувати запропонований спосіб до впровадження у виробництво з метою встановлення якісного та кількісного показників забрудненості об’єктів довкілля яйцями гельмінтів, а також з метою прогнозування епізоотичного благополуччя тварин щодо нематодозів. The purpose of the article is to improve the method of studying the soil for the presence of nematode eggs. The task of the research was to establish in the laboratory conditions the optimal density of an improved two-component flotation solution based on inorganic salt in combination with alkali; to determine its efficiency in comparison with well-known methods of detecting nematode eggs in soil samples. Research methods. The research was conducted during 2018 on the basis of the Laboratory of Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Expert Examination Department at Poltava State Agrarian Academy. A new method of detecting nematode eggs in soil samples was developed and improved, based on the methods of Romanenko (1968) and Gudzhabidze (1969), Dolbin et al. (2012), in which flotation methods with saturated salt solutions were used. The development of the new method was carried out by introducing changes in the weight of the investigated soil, the time of treating it with alkali and centrifugation procedures, as well as the composition of the flotation fluid solution, based on inorganic salt in combination with alkali. The research results. When studying the density of a new flotation solution for the purpose of detecting nematode eggs in soil samples, it has been proven that the offered solution of inorganic salt in combination with alkali (the density from 1.35 to 1.41 g/cm3) has expressed optimal  flotation properties for nematode eggs (the efficiency from 48.29 % to 86.27 %). The offered method has been more effective as compared with the methods of Dolbin et al. (2012), Romanenko (1968) and Gudzhabidze (1969): in terms of time the effectiveness was 1.78 and 34.70 % (p <0.001); as to the number of nematode eggs in the soil test sample – by 24.04 % (p <0.01) and 38.66 % (p <0.001) more effective; by the number of positive samples – by 20 %. Elements of scientific novelty. A new method of soil sample testing for the presence of nematode eggs has been studied; this method is more effective and ergonomic. Practical significance. The results of the obtained data enable us to recommend the offered method for introduction into production in order to establish qualitative and quantitative indicators of contaminating environmental objects with helminthes’ eggs, as well as to predict the epizootic well-being of animals concerning nematodoses.

scholarly journals Anthrax Laboratory Diagnostic Methods at the Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture (LMA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Beradze
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
New Method ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Pcr Method

ObjectiveLaboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture (LMA) conducts Anthrax diagnostics using Bacteriology and Molecular Biology Methods: Isolated cultures through the classical bacteriology methods are always confirmed by Molecular Biology assay (PCR).In the study the samples were screened for the presence of B. anthracis via two concurrent approaches to compare classical methods and a novel PCR method. Before the TAP-7 project, PCR was only used to confirm the identity of cultures isolated by the Bacteriology. New SOPs and algorythm was created for better laboratory diagnostic.IntroductionBacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, is a member of a highly diverse group of endospore-forming bacteria. Bacillus anthracis spores are typically found in soil, from which they may spread via contaminated dust, water, and materials of plant and animal origin. Although anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores, humans may contract anthrax directly or indirectly from animals.Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture (LMA) conducts Anthrax diagnostics using Bacteriology and Molecular Biology Methods: Isolated cultures through the classical bacteriology methods are always confirmed by Molecular Biology assay (PCR).In 2014, within Tap7 project ,Identification and Mapping of Anthrax foci in Georgia’’ Anthrax suspected soil samples were tested using two lab diagnostic methods and they were compared to each other.MethodsAnthrax suspected samples were tested by two methods - classical method and new method.Classical method included isolation of bacterium from soil samples using standard bacteriology tests and then PCR confirmed its identity. New method was initial PCR testing of soil samples.302 soil samples were tested by classical method.At the same time, approximately 10% (32 samples) of the already mentioned 302 soil samples were also tested by initial PCR.Results24 cultures isolated through bacteriology tests (Gram staining; lysis by gamma phage; motility testing; detection of polyDglutamic acid capsule by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) were confirmed by PCR.Out of the above mentioned 32-suspected samples, 11 were confirmed positive using the classical methods, versus 9 confirmed positive using the direct PCR approach. Two bacteriologically positive samples appeared negative by the direct PCR method, i.e. only two samples did not match.ConclusionsThe samples were screened for the presence of B. anthracis via two concurrent approaches to compare classical methods and a novel PCR method. Before the TAP-7 project, PCR was only used to confirm the identity of cultures isolated by the Bacteriology.The purpose of the investigation of the new method was to identify if a less labor-intensive process with fewer points of operator manipulation was as efficacious as the classical method of bacteriology followed by PCR analysis of suspected samples.Despise the limited sampling and the little difference in the efficacy of the two methods, classical method stays prior to new one.

New Method of Obtaining Undisturbed Soil Samples

Ecology ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-126
Author(s):  
Ralph S. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
New Method ◽  
Undisturbed Soil

Selective Sampling and Orientation of Non-Homogeneous Tissues

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
C. C. Clawson ◽  
L. W. Anderson ◽  
R. A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
New Method ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Selective Sampling ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Specific Orientation

Investigations which require electron microscope examination of a few specific areas of non-homogeneous tissues make random sampling of small blocks an inefficient and unrewarding procedure. Therefore, several investigators have devised methods which allow obtaining sample blocks for electron microscopy from region of tissue previously identified by light microscopy of present here techniques which make possible: 1) sampling tissue for electron microscopy from selected areas previously identified by light microscopy of relatively large pieces of tissue; 2) dehydration and embedding large numbers of individually identified blocks while keeping each one separate; 3) a new method of maintaining specific orientation of blocks during embedding; 4) special light microscopic staining or fluorescent procedures and electron microscopy on immediately adjacent small areas of tissue.

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