Thucydides in Book I

1951 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Adcock
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
The One ◽  
Greek World

Work on Thucydides published in the last thirty years has mostly shown two tendencies, the one, to regard Thucydides as having two successive attitudes towards history; the other to revert to Eduard Meyer's view that the work as we have it, in all important points of interpretation at least, was written at one time and that time after the Fall of Athens. I should say at once that I am sceptical about both these views and also—to go rather farther back in the discussion—I would agree with Pohlenz in doubting the far-reaching activity of an ‘editor’ who left the end of the eighth book as we have it. Such unity of outlook as the whole work presents—such unity as Prof. Finley has stressed in his Thucydides—seems to me due, not to the work being written or finally shaped all at one time, but to its being written all by one man who from the first had strong and definite ideas and a clear notion of what he was trying to do. The tendencies which I have mentioned naturally lead to the conclusion that the first book has been, if not written, yet reshaped or largely added to at a later stage in Thucydides' career and may reflect a change of view about the causes or antecedents of the war. It seems worth while to examine those parts of the book in which these effects would show themselves if they exist, i.e. chiefly in the speeches and the excursus on the Pentekontaetia and its setting.The archaeologia proper, chapters 1–19, gives reasons for Thucydides' expectation that the war would be a great one and more notable than any of its predecessors, judging this from the fact that both sides entered it at the height of their preparedness and that the whole Greek world was on one side or the other or contemplating joining one side or the other (1, 1). The Western Greeks got no further than this contemplation when the war began and it would be natural to suppose that Thucydides wrote these words when he did not yet know that they would go no further. The main argument of the archaeologia seems to show how this height of preparedness and tendency to fall into two camps was reached, and the last sentence of 19 underlines the conclusion.

Varia: Attribution, predication, apposition – Part second

Proglas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Getsov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Grammatical Relation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Syntactic Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Relations

The paper is part of a series of publications that set out to examine various aspects in the analysis of appositive constructions. The purpose of this particular study is to reveal the multidimensional, diverse, and complex interaction between three types of syntactic relations – attributive, predicative, and appositive. The study offers a critical review of various theories on the status of the grammatical relation between the components of non-detached (close) appositive constructions. The main argument of this paper is that determining this status, on the one hand, is a function of the morphological and semantic characteristics of the components of the construction, while, on the other hand, it determines their syntactic status.

Late Antiquity: The Age of Crowds?*

2020 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-52
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Magalhães de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
City Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Urban Protest ◽  
The One ◽  
The Masses

Abstract The objective of this article is to place the study of urban protest and violence in the period from about 300 to about 600 CE in a broader perspective and to subject the investigation of plebeian activism to the basic precepts of analysis of collective action developed by social scientists and historians studying other periods. Its main argument is that, contrary to wide held assumptions in the historiography, what characterized Late Antiquity was not simply the exacerbation of violence or its tighter control, but the crisis of aristocratic hegemony and the expansion of opportunities for popular intervention in city life. What has been perceived as the product fanaticism, irrationality and deprivation of the masses, of the manipulation of bishops and aristocrats or of the failure of the mechanisms of coercion was actually the result of a dramatic social change that, on the one hand, involved a new dynamic of power and, on the other, a shift in the way the people understood their role and power in local communities.

The alleged tension between the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and state sovereignty: ‘Much Ado about Nothing’?

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-730
Author(s):  
Francesca Capone
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Much Ado About Nothing ◽  
International Commitments ◽  
The One

AbstractIn a landmark effort to finally acknowledge the necessity to jointly respond to the global phenomenon of large movements of refugees and migrants, the process initiated in 2016 with the approval of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants eventually led to the adoption of two UN Global Compacts, respectively the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) and the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR). Despite the enthusiastic support shown at first by the international community, the GCM negotiations have been more controversial and ultimately shaken by the clamorous withdrawals of several states. The main argument used by the withdrawing governments to justify the sudden refusal to adopt the GCM was based on the claim that the document − although non-binding − undermines the ‘sovereign right’ of the state. Such a claim, given the centrality that the principle of state sovereignty has acquired since the Peace of Westphalia, deserves to be further analysed from an international law perspective by resorting to the ‘sovereignty test’ developed by Schrijver. The present work, after briefly introducing the main tenets of the GCM, applies the ‘sovereignty test’ to the GCM to dissect the alleged tension between state sovereignty on the one hand and the shared approach to international migration envisaged by the pact on the other. This article’s ultimate goal is to prove that the GCM does not aim to restrain state sovereignty; rather, it strives to remind states of existing international commitments already undertaken at the regional and global level.

Remarks on the Formation of Cojunctions in Germanic Languages

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Braunmüller
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
The One ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Historical Difference ◽  
Germanic Languages

This paper focusses upon the semantics of cojunctions and their referential properties in texts.It is show that the function of conjunctions can be descrined in terms of deictic theory of didcourse reference. The main argument is that there is in principle neituer a functional nor an original historical difference berween pronominal/deictic expressions on the one hand, and conjunctions on the other.Some general aspects of the historical evolution of conjunctional expressions in Germanic languages are presented which are necessary in order to reach an explanatory level in linguistic description. Thus an analysis of the processes of univerbation, deletion, morphological differentiation, and shifts of morphological classes is given, based on data from the different branches of Germanic.

scholarly journals The Link Between Capital Accumulation and Increasing Wages in an Updated Version of Smith’s Theory Of Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Meacci
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to focus, within Adam Smith’s system of thought, on the various aspects of the twofold link between the accumulation of capital and the demand for labor, on the one hand, and between an increasing population and increasing wages, on the other. This link is examined, first, in the light of the relationship between the principles of self-interest and competition; and, secondly, in support of the possibility (neglected by Smith) that the long-run supply of labor may fall short of the long-run demand for it. The paper’s main argument is that this possibility is peacefully implemented in advancing economies by the “uniform, constant, and uninterrupted effort of every man to better his condition” which lies behind a continuous process of capital accumulation (including technical progress) along with the birth control techniques so widely used in our times.

Between order and insurgency: Post-structuralism and the problem of justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 019145372093190
Author(s):  
George Sotiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Material Texture ◽  
The One

Faced with the apologetic and exclusionary tendencies of liberal normativism, there is a marked trend in political theory to recover a more critical conception of justice, which does not adopt the dismissive attitude of traditional Marxism. In this context, the legacy of post-structuralism has been ambivalent. On the one hand, the work of thinkers such as Jacque Derrida, Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze has helped to shape the direction of the relevant discourse. On the other hand, post-structuralist critiques of political normativism have been often accused of leading to a subsumption of justice to power. Contributing to the ongoing discussion, my article explores the insights of Derrida, Foucault and Deleuze and assembles them into a coherent line of analysis. The main argument advanced is that post-structuralist thought provides a fertile basis for a critical concept of justice, which foregrounds the notion’s material texture without forfeiting its normative and ethical traits.

Representation of Maenads on Archaic Red-Figure Vases

1960 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Comparative Religion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Classical Greece ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Advance ◽  
The One ◽  
Greek World

There have been two works of major importance dealing with the characteristics of Greek maenadism, separated by seventy years of rapid advance in the study of comparative religion. The first, which appeared in 1872, is Rapp's detailed study ‘Die Mänade im griechischen Cultus, in der Kunst und Poesie’. This has remained valuable long after the contemporary theories of nature-symbolism have been abandoned, and the distinctions he drew between the ‘artificial’ maenads of poetry or art and the actual cult-practice of Dionysiac religion in historical Greece is still on the whole valid. The second work is E. R. Dodds' article ‘Maenadism in the Bacchae,’ published in 1940, which has supplemented, but not basically altered, Rapp's principles by showing that, although it may be doubted whether anything very much like the ecstatic possession depicted in theBacchaetook place in classical Greece, sufficiently strong parallels exist between the presentation of maenads on vases and in theBacchaeon the one hand, and historical and clinical descriptions of hysterical excitement on the other, to suggest that the maenad had been at some time more than an imaginary creature; and in fact Bacchic practices of some types, apparently traditional, can be proved to have occurred in Hellenistic times. Somehow, it seems, some practical knowledge of religious hysteria reached Euripides and the vase-painters of the late sixth century, either surviving from the past or brought in from other parts of the Greek world.

scholarly journals The Death of Dionysus and Ethical Dualism: On Olympiodorus’ Anthropogony and Neoplatonic Depictions of the Manichaean Cosmos

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Blaž Božič
Keyword(s):  
Original Sin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Argument ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Ethical Conflict ◽  
The One

The version of anthropogony presented in Olympiodorus’ interpretation of Socrates’ philosophical argument against suicide (In Phaed. 1.3.3.–14) suggests two important questions: about the role of ethical dualism and original sin in pagan religion and philosophy on the one hand, and about the extent of Olympiodorus’ innovativeness on the other. I argue that Olympiodorus’ time foregrounded ethical dualism as a major concern in allegorical interpretations of Dionysus’ death by dismemberment, and that certain antecedents for a dualistic view might have existed (e.g. in the theological concepts of Orphic religions). Although any attempt to establish historical connections is bound to be speculative, some sources indicate that the specific link of Dionysus’ death with ethical dualism is not necessarily an innovation contributed in its entirety by Olympiodorus. I derive my main argument from a reference by Alexander of Lycopolis, who mentions that some of the Manichaeans used similar metaphors to describe the structure of the cosmos, which is based in their teachings on an ethical conflict.

scholarly journals ‘Diving for dope’: Identity in submarine drug policing at the ‘maritime gateway to Europe’

2019 ◽  
pp. 147737081988751
Author(s):  
Yarin Eski
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Intelligence Sharing ◽  
Maritime Shipping ◽  
The One

This article offers an ethnographic account of everyday identity (re)configuration in submarine policing by the Dutch Customs Diving Team (CDT) officers of illegal underwater drug trafficking in the Port of Rotterdam (PoR). In so doing, it explores what it means to perform drug inspections that depend on international collaboration and intelligence sharing, and also depend on the cooperation of ships’ crews, enabling the CDT to deal with challenging submarine circumstances. The findings emerge from a qualitative analysis, using an Othering framework, of data collected during fieldwork in 2011 in the PoR. The main argument of this contribution is that to prevent drug trafficking from entering in the port (and its European hinterland) and by legitimately interrupting the trade flow, the CDT must become a justifiable intervention itself. However, given the low number of drug seizures since the CDT’s inception, its legitimacy and efficacy are called into question at a time of hypersecuritization on the one hand and austere policing on the other; a bifurcating context in which CDT officers feel the need to (re)configure a superior policing Self through an inferior policed Other for which (discriminating) stigmas that exist about drug trafficking, maritime shipping and (counter-narcotics) policing are (unwillingly) used and amplified.

scholarly journals Familial Dimensions of Group Identity (II): "Mothers" and "Fathers" in Associations and Synagogues of the Greek World

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Harland
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
Greek East ◽  
The One ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Functional Leadership

AbstractFictive parental language (e.g. "mother of the synagogue," "father of the association") has drawn limited attention within two scholarly circles, namely, those who study diaspora synagogues, on the one hand, and ancient historians, on the other. is article brings these two scholarly interests together and argues, based on inscriptional evidence, that parental metaphors were more widespread and significant in cities and associations of the Greek East than o en acknowledged. Such terminology was an important way of expressing honour, hierarchy, and/or belonging within the association or community, and it could also pertain to functional leadership roles (rather than mere honorifics) in certain cases. e Jewish practice of calling figures "mother" or "father" of the synagogue can be better understood within this cultural framework and in relation to associations specifically.

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