Extended angle intercolumniations in fifth-century Athenian Ionic

1979 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 155-157
Author(s):  
J.J. Coulton
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Regular Distribution ◽  
English Only ◽  
The North ◽  
Greek Architecture ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Regular Spacing

It is a widespread feature of Doric temples that the intercolumniations nearest the angles should be somewhat narrower than normal so as to allow a regular distribution of triglyphs and metopes in the frieze. The nature and working of this adjustment have been widely discussed; but little attention has been given to the contrary arrangement in two Athenian Ionic temples, where the intercolumniations nearest the angles are actually wider than normal. Of the standard handbooks on Greek architecture in English, only that of Dinsmoor notes that the angle intercolumniations of the north porch of the Erechtheion are 0·052 m larger than the central one, and even he does not discuss the fact in his main treatment of the building. He also notes that the angle intercolumniations of the temple by the Ilissos are 0·051 m greater than the central one, but attributes that to later distortion of the building. Shear mentions both these instances in her discussion of the possible works of Kallikrates, and accepts the wider intercolumniations of the Ilissos temple as part of the original design. Following Stevens, she explains this feature in the Erechtheion as intended to allow a regular spacing of the ceiling beams, and suggests that the same explanation may apply to the Ilissos temple too.

The Place of Kastabos in Greek Architecture

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
W. H. Plommer
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
North West ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Greek Architecture ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The Temple

The following article forms the conclusion to my chapter in a projected work on the Temple of Hemithea at Kastabos. The sanctuary is described by Diodorus in Book v, 62—3, and lies about a thousand feet above sea-level on the north-west slopes of the Carian Chersonese, overlooking from the south-east the more easterly isthmus on the long Cnidian Peninsula. It is the first Greek sanctuary of any importance and the first peripteral temple to be explored in the Rhodian Incorporated Peraea (see Fraser and Bean, The Rhodian Peraea and Islands, pp. 123 ff.), of which the whole Chersonese formed part.Our excavation, primarily salvage-work in remote country after a forest-fire had uncovered the remains, formed one stage in the mapping of ancient cities and demes of this neighbourhood by Professor John Cook and Professor George Bean. It established, from a stamped vase-handle and an inscription on a subsidiary building, that this was indeed, as surmised by Cook, the shrine of Hemithea, a local healing-goddess evidently, as Diodorus shows, of considerable local repute. We found that its greatness virtually began in the late fourth century, and was perhaps of fairly short duration.

The Temple in Mark and Contested Authority

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-267
Author(s):  
Clinton Wahlen
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Original Design ◽  
The North ◽  
Rightful Place ◽  
The Temple

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate that Mark's portrayal of Jesus' temple action reinforces a larger narrative aim: to show that the time of messianic fulfillment for both Jews and Gentiles has come. The study consists of three sections. First, it is observed that the unifying theme of Mark 11:12-25 is not the destruction of the temple but prayer. Second, Jesus' activity in the temple occupies a central place not only in this series of pericopae but in the larger structure of Mark 11-15. Mark shows that Jesus fulfils the original design of the temple by making it a place of prayer for everyone. This includes Gentiles as Mark alone makes clear (11:17b; cf. Matt. 21:22; Luke 19:46). Third, enabling Gentiles to worship in the temple meshes with a larger Markan concern. Jesus does not limit his ministry to Galilee but extends it to Gentile lands to the north and east, as a study of the exorcism and feeding stories in relation to the pivotal discussion of 7:1-23 reveals. Implicitly, then, Israel has begun to be redefined. Jesus' action in the temple enlarges on this theme in order to suggest more explicitly that Gentiles have a rightful place within Israel.

A Protective Measure at Abydos in the Thirteenth Dynasty

1989 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Leahy
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
The North ◽  
The Temple

A new edition of stela Cairo JE 35256, discovered at Abydos at the turn of the century, which records a royal edict usurped by Neferhotep I protecting a sacred area dedicated to Wepwawet. The original promulgator of the decree is identified as Khutawyre Ugaf, and it is argued that the area in question is the depression which runs from the Osiris temple to the Umm el-Qa'ab. This served as a processional route between the temple and the tomb of Djer, already identified as that of Osiris, and was threatened by tombs encroaching from the North Cemetery. The development of the cult of Osiris at Abydos is briefly traced, and the importance of the Thirteenth Dynasty in the process emphasised.

XLI. Observations upon some Celtic Remains, lately discovered by the Public Road leading from London to Cambridge, near to the Village of Sawston, distant seven miles from the University, by Edward Daniel Clarke, LL.D. Professor of Mineralogy in the University of Cambridge. Communicated by the Rev. Thomas Kerrich, M.A. F.S.A.

Archaeologia ◽  
1817 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 340-343
Author(s):  
Edward Daniel Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Road ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
The University ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Temple

It is not attaching too high a degree of importance to the study of Celtic antiquities, to maintain, that, owing to the attention now paid to it in this country, a light begins to break in upon that part of ancient history, which, beyond every other, seemed to present a forlorn investigation. All that relates to the aboriginal inhabitants of the north of Europe, would be involved in darkness but for the enquiries now instituted respecting Celtic sepulchres. From the information already received, concerning these sepulchres, it may be assumed, as a fact almost capable of actual demonstration, that the mounds, or barrows, common to all Great Britain, and to the neighbouring continent, together with all the tumuli fabled by Grecian and by Roman historians as the tombs of Giants, are so many several vestiges of that mighty family of Titan-Celts who gradually possessed all the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, and who extended their colonies over all the countries where Cyclopéan structures may be recognized; whether in the walls of Crotona, or the temple at Stonehénge; in the Cromlechs of Wales, or the trilithal monuments of Cimbrica Chersonesus; in Greece, or in Asia-Minor; in Syria, or in Egypt. It is with respect to Egypt alone, that an exception might perhaps be required; but history, while it deduces the origin of the worship of Minerva, at Sais, from the Phrygians, also relates of this people, that they were the oldest of mankind. The Cyclopéan architecture of Egypt may therefore be referred originally to the same source; but, as in making the following Observations brevity must be a principal object, it will be necessary to divest them of every thing that may seem like a Dissertation; and confine the statement, here offered, to the simple narrative of those facts, which have led to its introduction.

A Framework for the Management of Ageing of Safety Critical Elements Offshore

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Sharp ◽  
Edmund G. Terry ◽  
John Wintle
Keyword(s):  
Life Extension ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
The North ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Offshore Installations ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
And Performance

Many offshore installations in the North Sea have now exceeded their original design life and are in a life extension phase. A Framework of six processes has been developed for the management of ageing of Safety Critical Elements (SCEs) in offshore installations. The processes include an analysis of the effect of ageing modes on SCE performance. Examples of performance indicators for typical SCEs are proposed based on how their condition and performance as may be affected by physical deterioration and other effects of ageing. Indicators for calibrating the maturity and effectiveness of the management processes are also suggested.

scholarly journals The Bronze Trumpeter at Sparta and the Earthquake of 464 b.c.

1909 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
Leonard Whibley
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
British School ◽  
The Temple

Among the objects discovered in the excavation of the temple of Athena Chalkioikos at Sparta is a small bronze figure of a trumpeter (illustrated in the Annual of the British School at Athens, xiii p. 146). Mr. Dickins, who says that the figure ‘can be dated without hesitation in the middle of the fifth century,’ regards ‘the presence of a trumpeter as a dedication in Sparta as perplexing, because the Spartans marched to battle to the sound of flutes, and made no use of trumpets for martial music’. This is, I think, the view generally held. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a possible reason for the dedication of the trumpeter at the date, which the style of the work suggests.

Archaeological works to the north of the Great Amun temple at Jebel Barkal (Sudan): preliminary results and new perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The North ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
Political Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
The Temple

The paper presents preliminary results and discusses future perspectives on archaeological research in the area to the north of the Great Amun temple at Jebel Barkal (Napata) in connection to the most recent excavations of elite Meroitic structure B 1700. The field season of 2020 at B 1700 continued to bring to light a new monumental foundation platform of the cellular type constructed for a building which function and meaning remain a subject for debate. The now available data suggest that B 1700 followed the classic Meroitic square plan with rooms arranged around a central columned space, utility chambers on the ground floor, and official areas on the upper floor(s). Paper discusses general features of the exposed plan of B 1700, the process of its construction, recorded archaeological matrix, and finds. Special mention is made of the brick masonry, earlier occupation phase, later activities at the site, and the great pottery dump which was extensively used in the fill of the foundation platform. The author argues that elite building B 1700 was probably constructed at the time of king Natakamani (1 century AD) – one of the most known Kushite rulers of the Classic Meroitic period – and did not continue functioning for more than, probably, one century. The study of B 1700 and its surrounding area has a considerable significance for reconstructing the history of the development of the temple and royal zone to the north of the temenos of the Great Amun temple at Jebel Barkal as well as provide new data on the actual nature of Napata as an economic and political center of Meroitic Kush.  

Exploring the Technology and Meaning behind Early Ceramic Figurines from the Casma Valley, Peru

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-130
Author(s):  
Shelia Pozorski ◽  
Thomas Pozorski
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Andean Archaeology ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Ceramic ◽  
North Coast Of Peru ◽  
Stone Carvings ◽  
The Temple

The Sechín Alto Polity, centered in the Casma Valley on the north coast of Peru, constructed the largest mound structures in the New World during the Initial Period (2100–1000 B.C.). The polity united at least six inland sites and three coastal satellites into a political and economically cooperative unit within which different sites and different monumental structures had distinct, but complementary, functions. Prominent among the artifacts that define the Sechín Alto Polity are ceramic figurines. Examples are consistently from domestic or residential contexts; most (more than 350 fragments) were recovered from Sechín Alto site, the polity capital, where they were likely manufactured. Iconography within Andean archaeology of the figurines connects them with warrior figures and victims depicted in the Cerro Sechín stone carvings and by extension with anthropomorphic friezes that adorn the temple mound of Moxeke within the Sechín Alto Polity. These data suggest that the Casma figurines may represent distinct groups of people who in turn reflected sacred vs. secular aspects of Casma Valley society.

Ancient Tajikistan Studies in History, Archaeology and Culture (1980-1991)

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Ww Ii ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Written Sources

AbstractSystematic archaeological research began immediately after WW II with work on Iran Age monuments at Kala-i-mir, Boldai-tepe and Baidudasht IV. Of recently studied Hellenistic and post-Hellenistic monuments, the most important is Takhti-Sangin (thought to be the source of the Oxus treasure). More than 5000 votive objects have now been recovered from the temple here (now completely excavated and dated to the first quarter of the 1st c. B.C.). Excavations at Ai-Khanoum prove that the strength and persistence of Hellenic culture seen at the Oxus temple was not unique in Bactria, while a complex now being studied at Dushanbe pushes the range of Greco-Bactrian culture far further to the north than was hitherto thought. Investigation of burial monuments at Tup-khana testifies to the acceptance of Bactrian material culture by incoming nomad groups, whereas study of a Buddhist complex of the 3rd-4th c. A.D. at Ushurmullo shows its continued use down to the 7th-8th c. Ancient written sources on the history of Central Asia have been studied by I.V. Pyankov, whilst E.V. Zeimal has produced a description, classification and analysis of the coin series of the region. Finally, T.P. Kiyatkina has written a series of works on palaeo-anthropological material from Tajikistan and Turkmenia.

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