An Epigram on Apollonius of Tyana

1980 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Large Block ◽  
Cultural Setting ◽  
Full Publication ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vacant Space

An inscription of major importance, now in the New Museum of Adana, contains an epigram on Apollonius of Tyana. Almost simultaneously, a preliminary text has been provided by E. L. Bowie, and a full publication with discussion and photograph by G. Dagron and J. Marcillet- Jaubert. I offer here a text, translation, and commentary, and look for a historical and cultural setting.The inscription is cut on a single large block, now damaged on the left, which originally served as an architrave or lintel. The photograph (PLATE Ib) makes detailed comment on the palaeography superfluous: but it is worth noting the sign of punctuation (:) after ἐπώνυμος and of elision (∾) after τὸ δ᾿; the leaf filling the vacant space at the end of line 4; and generally the very affected script, notably the rho shaped like a shepherd's crook, the complicated xi and the lyre-shaped omega. This strange lettering makes it more than usually hazardous to date the inscription from this feature alone. A date in the third or fourth century seems roughly right, and would accord with the content of the epigram.

Three Christian Funerary Stelae from the Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst at Munich

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Aaltje Hidding
Keyword(s):  
Full Publication ◽  
The Third

AbstractThis article presents a full publication of three Christian funerary stelae from Egypt, which were bought in 1912 by Friedrich von Bissing and are now in the Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst at Munich. The first one represents an orans figure, the second depicts a crux ansata and the third has the names Pasep inscribed (in Greek) on the front and Phanes on the back. Although the precise provenance of these pieces is unknown, stylistic features suggest they are from Deir el-Bala’iza, Armant and Edfu respectively.

THE DATING OF PHILIPPOS OF AMPHIPOLIS (BNJ 280 T2)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Brent Arehart
Keyword(s):  
Short Note ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Third

Abstract On the basis of two neglected testimonia, this short note argues that the terminus ante quem for Philippos of Amphipolis (BNJ 280) should be moved forward to the third century or to the early fourth century c.e. if not earlier.

The Romano-British Shrines at Brigstock, Northants

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Polygonal Shape

SummaryTwo shrines of circular and polygonal shape, probably part of a larger group, were erected early in the second half of the third century A.D., and occupied until late in the fourth century. The shrines occur in an area of widespread settlement dating from the late Iron Age until the end of the fourth century. Many objects of bronze and iron of ritual significance, together with a large number of votive deposits and coins, were recovered from the circular shrine. Miss M. V. Taylor's discussion of the principal objects appears on pp. 264–8.

The Celtic Warrior Fibula

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Stead ◽  
N. D. Meeks
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Art Exhibition ◽  
Front Cover ◽  
The Third ◽  
La Tène ◽  
La Tene

In 1960 and 1961 Ole Klindt-Jensen published two short notes about a golden statuette of a Celtic warrior, soldered to a fine brooch. He was convinced that the warrior did not belong to the brooch, and thought that they had been combined fairly recently. J. M. de Navarro added a comment to the 1961 note, concluding: ‘My impression (from photographs only) is that the brooch might date from the fourth century BC and the figure not before the latter half of the third or the second century BC, i.e. that it was added later.’ Klindt-Jensen's notes were accompanied by plates, and at the same time another photograph was published on the front cover ofCelticum, volume I. A decade later the brooch was shown at the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, and at the Hayward Gallery, London, as item no. 35 in the Early Celtic Art exhibition held in 1970. The catalogue entry was based on Klindt-Jensen's note, but no photograph was published. In the mid 1970s R. M. Rowlett prepared a paper on the authenticity of the brooch, including metal analyses and a comparison of its proportions with those of some La Tène II brooches: Rowlett considered that the figure of the warrior was contemporary with the rest of the brooch, which he accepted as an authentic antiquity. His paper was eventually published about twenty years later.

The Roman Cemetery at Lankhills: Pre-Roman and Roman Winchester. Part II

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Roman

Outside the north gate of Venta Belgarum, Roman Winchester, a great cemetery stretched for 500 yards along the road to Cirencester. Excavations at Lankhills from 1967 to 1972 uncovered 451 graves, many elaborately furnished, at the northern limits of this cemetery, and dating from the fourth century A.D. This book, the second in a two-part study of Venta Belgarum, which forms the third volume of Winchester Studies, describes the excavations of these burials and analyses in detail both the graves and their contents. There are detailed studies and important re-assessments of many categories of object, but it is the information about late Roman burial, religion, and society which is of special interest.

The Camenae in Cult, History, and Song*

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Hardie
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
Law Making

This essay aims to redefine the place of the Camenae within the evolution of Roman carmen. It analyses the documented association of the purifying fons Camenarum with the cult of Vesta and by extension with the salvific prayer-carmina of her virgines; and it takes the Camenae from the archaic origins of their cult, with reflections on Etruscan and other territorial interests, to their appearance in the epic laudes of men in the third and second centuries BC. The identification of Camenae and Muses, it is argued, pre-dates Livius Andronicus' “Camena,” and is best understood as a component of the Numa-legend as it emerged towards the end of the fourth century. Pythagorean Muse-cult, reflecting the Muses' traditional interest in civic homonoia (concord) and law-making kings, played a part; and an agent of change was the reformist Appius Claudius Caecus, author of the first attested Roman carmen. The wider context lies in the cultural interplay of Rome, Etruria, and Greek southern Italy in the early and middle Republic.

Relics and Divination

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
Robert Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Future ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Written Sources

As early as in the second half of the fourth century, Gregory of Nazianzus assured his audience that the saints, living or dead, had the power to predict the future. This chapter seeks to explain how such predictions were obtained. There were at least three divinatory practices in which relics could be used: incubation in martyrs’ sanctuaries, interrogation of demoniacs in the presence of relics, and the drawing of lots on martyrs’ tombs. The problem is that the literary evidence for the first practice in the early period is rather scarce, for the second, exceedingly scanty, while for the third it is simply non-existent (we only know about it from material evidence). This reticence of the written sources does not necessarily reflect the actual popularity of these methods and plausibly results from their ambiguous character—neither praised nor condemned, they have left very few traces in literature.

The Eudemian Theogony and Early Orphic Poetry

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-118
Author(s):  
Dwayne A. Meisner
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third

The third chapter is about a theogony that had been known to the philosopher Eudemus (fourth century BC), and all of the other fragments that modern scholars have associated with this theogony. The Neoplatonist Damascius (fifth century AD) says that the theogony started with Night, but modern scholars have tried to link this to other early fragments of Orphic poetry. This chapter discusses Aristophanes in the first section, and Plato and Aristotle in the second section, arguing that their scattered references to Orphic poems might not have been from the same theogony. The third section introduces the Orphic Hymn(s) to Zeus that appear in different variations, the earliest of which are from around the same time as these other fragments. The fourth section suggests that early Orphic fragments about Demeter and Dionysus are not from the Eudemian theogony.

Sound and Unsound Teachings in the Ad Evagrium (CPG 3222/1774): Problems of Authenticity and Doctrinal Context of a Pseudo-Gregorian Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-478
Author(s):  
Francesco Celia
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Gregory Of Nyssa ◽  
The Third ◽  
Degree Of Certainty

Abstract Among the works ascribed to Gregory Thaumaturgus, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa there is one entitled, in Greek, Ad Evagrium monachum, de deitate, and, in Syriac, Ad Philagrium, de consubstantiali, which deals with the issue of whether the nature of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is simple or composite. While the attributions to the Cappadocians have been ruled out on the basis of its Monarchian contents, current scholarship is still completely divided in dating it to the third or to the fourth century, so that the mutually exclusive hypotheses that the Thaumaturgus was its author and that Evagrius of Pontus was its addressee have continued to coexist. This study accounts for the investigations of previous scholars and focuses on those doctrinal contents which are attacked and endorsed in the work and which allow us to date it with some degree of certainty. It is argued that the main polemical focus of the Ad Evagrium was Eunomius’ theory of names and that it was written by an exponent of the Marcellian party in the late 370 s.

The Poetry and the Prose of the Future

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Science Of History ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Poetic Response ◽  
Century Science

The Introduction examines three moments that have proven foundational for the fraught relationship between poetry and history. The first occurs in the fourth century B. C. in Aristotle’s Poetics, the earliest attempt to provide a systematic definition of the structure and effects of poetry and, consequently, the origin of all later crises of verse. The second appears in Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire, a text that offers a complicated poetic response to a moment of crisis in Marx’s own historical method. The third appears in the early writings of Friedrich Nietzsche, where, against the onset of the nineteenth-century science of history, the demand to see history become poetry is made explicit. Focusing on these three moments, the Introduction establishes the intellectual-historical coordinates of the poetico-historical problem that T. S. Eliot and Walter Benjamin inherit.

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