The Stone Ancestors: Idioms of Imperial Attire and Rank among Huari Figurines

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita G. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Special Importance ◽  
Ancestor Worship ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Origin Myths ◽  
State Organization ◽  
Andean Highlands ◽  
The Web

Two caches were recovered at Pikillacta, the largest Huari state installation (A. D. 550-1000) in the southern Andean highlands; each contained 40 richly garbed votive turquoise figurines. The figurines are analyzed in terms of their production, use, and deposition as well as their overall morphology. To the extent possible, the rank associated with the costumes worn by each figure is also considered. Reference is made to Inca apparel and its potential for interpreting Huari official garments. Because the number 40 also held special importance in Inca state organization as an administrative unit or division, the Inca example provides concepts of administration vital to the interpretation of the figurines. A more unusual source—origin myths associated with the Chimor Kingdom—supports the relation between turquoise figurines and ancestor worship. I argue that the stone figurines embody qualities and convey concepts that are central to Andean political administration, and that they are intimately tied into the web of ancestral cults through which kinship, hierarchy, and inheritance were determined.

Rebuilding the State in Highland Peru: Herder-Cultivator Interaction during the Late Intermediate Period in the Tarama-Chinchaycocha Region

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Parsons ◽  
Charles M. Hastings ◽  
Ramiro Matos M.
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Sociopolitical Evolution ◽  
State Organization ◽  
Andean Highlands ◽  
Economic Specialization

We address the general problem of sociopolitical evolution in highland Peru during the Late Intermediate period (ca. A.D. 1000-1470) from the perspective of changing relationships between herders and cultivators in the Tarama-Chinchaycocha region. First, we use ethnographic and ethnohistoric information to help model central Andean herder-cultivator interaction. Here we emphasize the ecological and sociological foundations for economic specialization, the ritually based integration of pastoral and agricultural groups in the absence of strong state organization, and how the ritually interactive units define and maintain their borders. Second, in the light of these perspectives, we examine archaeological settlement pattern data from our study area in the central highlands of Peru. We conclude that the Late Intermediate period was a time of significant organizational change that included new forms of ritually based local and regional integration of pastoral and agricultural economies. Third, we briefly consider the general implications of our findings for understanding organizational change throughout the central Andean highlands during the Late Intermediate period. We suggest that the largest and most complex Late Intermediate highland polities depended on the full integration of specialized pastoralists and agriculturalists in those regions where both economies could attain maximal combined productivity in the aftermath of the breakdown of large states at the end of the Middle Horizon (ca. A.D. 600-1000).

scholarly journals The second wave of digital-era governance: a quasi-paradigm for government on the Web

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1987) ◽  
pp. 20120382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Margetts ◽  
Patrick Dunleavy
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
State Organization ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
The Web

Widespread use of the Internet and the Web has transformed the public management ‘quasi-paradigm’ in advanced industrial countries. The toolkit for public management reform has shifted away from a ‘new public management’ (NPM) approach stressing fragmentation, competition and incentivization and towards a ‘digital-era governance’ (DEG) one, focusing on reintegrating services, providing holistic services for citizens and implementing thoroughgoing digital changes in administration. We review the current status of NPM and DEG approaches, showing how the development of the social Web has already helped trigger a ‘second wave’ of DEG 2 changes. Web science and organizational studies are converging swiftly in public management and public services, opening up an extensive agenda for future redesign of state organization and interventions. So far, DEG changes have survived austerity pressures well, whereas key NPM elements have been rolled back.

Decoration technique and surface physics

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 436-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bethge
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Path ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Surface Physics ◽  
Step Structure ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Atomic Surface ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bulk Structure ◽  
Decoration Technique

Besides the atomic surface structure, diverging in special cases with respect to the bulk structure, the real structure of a surface Is determined by the step structure. Using the decoration technique /1/ it is possible to image step structures having step heights down to a single lattice plane distance electron-microscopically. For a number of problems the knowledge of the monatomic step structures is important, because numerous problems of surface physics are directly connected with processes taking place at these steps, e.g. crystal growth or evaporation, sorption and nucleatlon as initial stage of overgrowth of thin films.To demonstrate the decoration technique by means of evaporation of heavy metals Fig. 1 from our former investigations shows the monatomic step structure of an evaporated NaCI crystal. of special Importance Is the detection of the movement of steps during the growth or evaporation of a crystal. From the velocity of a step fundamental quantities for the molecular processes can be determined, e.g. the mean free diffusion path of molecules.

Gifts From the Web: Mentoring

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
Howard Wilson
Keyword(s):  
The Web

Gifts from the Web: Service Learning

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Howard F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Service Learning ◽  
Web Service ◽  
The Web

Gifts From the Web: Critical Thinking

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Barbara Shadden
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
The Web

Coding for Evaluation and Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kander ◽  
Steve White
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
Coding Rules ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
The Web

Abstract This article explains the development and use of ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes, CPT procedure codes, and HCPCS supply/device codes. Examples of appropriate coding combinations, and Coding rules adopted by most third party payers are given. Additionally, references for complete code lists on the Web and a list of voice-related CPT code edits are included. The reader is given adequate information to report an evaluation or treatment session with accurate diagnosis, procedure, and supply/device codes. Speech-language pathologists can accurately code services when given adequate resources and rules and are encouraged to insert relevant codes in the medical record rather than depend on billing personnel to accurately provide this information. Consultation is available from the Division 3 Reimbursement Committee members and from [email protected] .

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