The Franciscans and Portuguese Colonization in Africa and the Atlantic Islands, 1415–1499

1955 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. A. Boehrer
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
The Past ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

When the portuguese began their great expansion in the fifteenth century, it was not surprising that the Franciscan friars would enter into the work. They had in the past evidenced a more than cursory interest in North Africa and the lands beyond. Indeed their first martyrdoms occurred in Morocco in the second decade of the thirteenth century. In the following years, they had regular establishments there. That their activity in North Africa was not entirely concentrated on the Mediterranean coast is shown by the treatise Libro del conoscimiento de todos los regnos y tierras by an anonymous fourteenth-century Castilian Franciscan. In the work the Atlantic coast to Sierra Leone is adequately described as perhaps also are the Azores. Although the friars working in North Africa before 1415 were Spanish or at least attached to Spanish provinces, it is not unlikely that Portuguese friars also labored there when the former union and the still close relationship of the Franciscans on the peninsula is considered.

History, Story, and Community: Representing the Past in Latin Christendom, 1050–1400

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accelerated Growth

This chapter looks at Latin Christendom's evolution of historical writing, which had issued forth from a few, mostly monastic, centers, and eventually swelled into a substantial river fed by many and diverse tributaries. This expansionary trend in historiography was itself but one small manifestation of a protracted phase of accelerated growth in Europe, beginning in roughly the year 1000 and continuing until the early decades of the fourteenth century. The politically atomized, sparsely populated, and economically nonintegrated society that survived the inner turmoil attending the breakup of the Frankish Empire and the incursions of peoples from North Africa, the Eurasian Steppes, and Scandinavia during the ninth through early eleventh centuries, demonstrated a renewed vitality — spurred in part by the new political and economic conditions, as well as a period of improved climate.

Anthology of texts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Don Juan ◽  
Alfonso X ◽  
Conde Lucanor ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
General Estoria

This short anthology contains extracts from three Castilian prose texts, one from the second half of the thirteenth century (General estoria IV of Alfonso X the Wise), one from the first half of the fourteenth century (El conde Lucanor of don Juan Manuel), and one from near the mid-point of the fifteenth century (Atalaya de las corónicas of Alfonso Martínez de Toledo, Arcipreste de Talavera). These passages illustrate in context many of the phonological, orthographic, morphological, syntactic, and lexical features of medieval Hispano-Romance described in the body of this book. A linguistic commentary discussing relevant forms and constructions, as well as the meaning of lexical items no longer used or employed with different meanings in modern Spanish, with cross references to the appropriate sections in the five main chapters, accompanies each selection.

Traveling Sets and Ritual Performance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry D. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Ritual Performance ◽  
Over Time

Two wooden sculpture sets of Six Kannon, the thirteenth-century set from Daihōonji in Kyoto attributed to the artist Higō Jōkei and the fourteenth-century set from Tōmyōji in the Minami Yamashiro district of Kyoto, are well-documented sets that show the history, modifications, and movement of the cult. Copious inscriptions inside images in the respective sets reveal diverse sponsorship, from an elite female patron in the former to a huge group of patrons from a variety of backgrounds in the latter. Extant thirteenth- to fifteenth-century written records on ritual procedures, such as Roku Kannon gōgyōki, which focused on Six Kannon, contribute to the knowledge of how the rituals related to Six Kannon were performed as well as how the Six Kannon functioned in response to different needs, such as assisting with the six paths, protecting the dharma, or bolstering sectarian heritage, throughout their changing circumstances and movement over time.

scholarly journals Provinciální synody hnězdenské církevní provincie do začátku 16. století

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-78
Author(s):  
Pavel Krafl
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
In The Beginning

It was relatively early that the archbishops of Gniezno began to convoke provincial synods - the oldest dated assembly which is marked in the sources as a provincial synod took place as early as in 1210. But even before this synod another provincial synod took place in 1206 (?). In the beginning, i. e. in the thirteenth century, it is important to distinguish clearly between bishops' conventions, or colloquia, and provincial synods. The first statutes backed up with evidence are the statutes issued by Archbishop Henryk Kietlicz around 1217 in Kamień. Another important archbishop was Pełka (Fulko, 1232 - 1258). Two statutes issued by this metropolitan are still preserved. An important role in the system of provincial legislation was played by legates' synods and the legates' statutes which were proclaimed at them. A number of provincial synods was summoned by the archbishop of Gniezno Jakub Świnka (1285, 1287,1290,1298, 1306, 1309). Several not dated fragments of statutes originate from his time. In the fourteenth century the situation changes - the only two provincial synods that we know of are the synods of Janisław (1326) and Jarosław Bogoria Skotnicki (1357). „Synodyk“, the first attempt at codification of the legislation of Gniezno church province, comes from Skotnicki's synod. We cannot agree with referring to the assembly at Krakow from 1356 as to a provincial synod. Similarly, the „convencio generalis“ in Łęczyca in 1402 could not have been a provincial synod. Thus the first reliably proved provincial synod of the fifteenth century is the synod of Mikołaj.

Aḥmad al-Mallawī (d. 1767)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled El-Rouayheb
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Detailed Treatment ◽  
Relevant Section

The Egyptian scholar Aḥmad al-Mallawī (d.1767) penned perhaps the most detailed treatment of the topic of the immediate implications of hypothetical propositions since the fourteenth century. His work, written when he was a mere eighteen years old, is a commentary on his own versification of the relevant section of a fifteenth-century handbook on logic. This often critical work highlights a number of historically significant points: that the Arabic logical tradition in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries cannot be dismissed as dogmatic and uncritical exposition of received views; that interest in the formal implications of disjunctions and conditionals was alive and well in North Africa, at a time when interest in that topic has largely ceased in the eastern parts of the Islamic world; and that the literary genres of versification and commentary do not preclude critical reflection on received scholarly views.

The New Palace Yard and Its Fountains: Excavations in the Palace of Westminster 1972-4

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-297
Author(s):  
Valerie Horsman ◽  
Brian Davison
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Historic Site ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Important Site

Excavations in the New Palace Yard at the Palace of Westminster, between 1972–4, have illuminated the development of this historic site on the northern periphery of the medieval palace. The Yard was first laid out in the late thirteenth or early fourteenth century over previously marshy land at the edge of Thorney Island. In the central area of the Yard, part of the foundation of a magnificent fountain, known historically as the Great Conduit was found. Built in the mid-fifteenth century, the conduit formed a major landmark until its demolition some two hundred years later. Preserved within its foundation were the fragmentary redeposited remains of a high quality fountain of polished Purbeck marble, dated to the late twelfth century. Due to the enormous scale of the building works significant environmental evidence was recovered allowing elucidation of the topographical development of this important site, from the prehistoric period to the creation of the Yard in the late thirteenth century.This paper is published with the aid of a grant from the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England.

scholarly journals Los Anales Cordubenses y la historiografía breve andaluza de la Baja Edad Media

TALIA DIXIT ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 59-83
Author(s):  
Carmen Benítez Guerrero ◽  
◽  
Covadonga Valdaliso Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
History Of

Although traditionally it was considered that the annals were the form of historical writing in the Early Middle Ages and fell into decline in the thirteenth century, several witnesses prove that the series of annals –i.e., series of concise historical records arranged chronologically –were copied, corrected, expanded, and continued, bringing it up to date, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This article comprises a study of a series of annals copied in the fifteenth century, but composed before, that cover the history of the Castilian Crown, focusing especially on the so-called Reconquest. As we will try to show, its contents are closely related to other annals written in Andalusia in the first half of the fourteenth century, as well as to later similar compositions

scholarly journals Dressing a Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: Toward Understanding the Composition of the Life of Alexander Nevskii

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-67
Author(s):  
Donald Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Military

The Life of Alexander Nevskii is written in two styles: a hagiographic style and a secular style. Scholarly views are divided over whether the Life was written by one person in two different styles or by two persons, either a hagiographic writer and secular editor or a secular writer and hagiographic editor. The present article hypothesizes that the Life was probably written initially in a secular style as a military tale (the “wolf”) in the second half of the thirteenth century. This military tale was the foundational layer for the subsequent writing of the Life. Some time later, probably in the second half of the fourteenth century (before 1377), an ecclesiastical redactor edited the text of the military tale adding phrases in a hagiographic style (the “sheep’s clothing”), thus creating a chronicle tale about the life of Alexander Nevskii. In the second half of the fifteenth century, a further editing took place as anti-Tatar interpolations were added, thus creating the First Redaction of the Life of Alexander Nevskii. Following a text critical analysis, this article reconstructs the First Redaction of the Life, in which the two styles are delineated. Then the article provides a translation into English of the hypothetical version of the non-extant military tale about Alexander Nevskii.

Logic in Salamanca in the Fifteenth Century The Tractatus Suppositionum Terminorum by Master Franquera

Vivarium ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 427-463
Author(s):  
Angel d’Ors†
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century

Abstract This paper looks into the contents of the Tractatus suppositionum terminorum by Master Franquera, in the context of the teaching of logic in Salamanca (and elsewhere in Spain) in the fifteenth century. Franquera’s work is characterised by its explicit realist bias and its rejection of Ockhamist theses, i.e., by its recognition of the existence of a natura communis or a universale in re, which is evident in all discussions related to suppositio simplex and the theory of significatio. But, apart from this, Franquera’s discussion of the theory of suppositio stands out as a strange mixture of different doctrines: some of them are derived from thirteenth-century (or earlier) analyses, others from fourteenth-century developments; realist goals are reached by means of instruments that, while not being nominalist, are definitely inspired by terminism. While upholding the theses of realist schools, Franquera adopts the definitions and rules of nominalist authors.

The Development of Medieval Rhetoric

2014 ◽  
pp. 314-328
Author(s):  
John O. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Written Communication ◽  
Roman Art ◽  
Medieval Rhetoric ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Unknown Source ◽  
Foundational Work

This chapter deals with rhetoric as defined by Augustine’s teacher, Victorinus, in his commentary on Cicero’s De inventione (a foundational work for medieval rhetoric), as the “handing on” of the precepts of the Greco-Roman art of rhetoric, from earliest medieval times to the fifteenth century, when the celebrated Renaissance humanist Guarino da Verona spent a large part of his life teaching the pseudo-Ciceronian Rhetorica ad Herennium. In addition to well-known sources, the chapter also introduces an important unknown source, a full-scale textbook on rhetoric found in a fourteenth-century manuscript from Bruges. The medieval teachers of rhetoric kept alive and explored the vast repertoire of the past as an invaluable repository of tips and advice for improving oral and written communication in their own day. They kept the ancient texts open, speaking continually to new generations of contemporaries.

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