A Toll Booth on the Mersey

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-142
Keyword(s):  
Toll Booth

scholarly journals MODEL ANTREAN NORMAL DAN TRIANGULAR (Studi Kasus : Gerbang Tol Tembalang Semarang)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Sugito Sugito
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
System Model ◽  
Queue System ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Toll Booth

The growing number of vehicle in each year resulting an inevitable congestion, one of them is jamming vehicle transaction in Tembalang toll gate. This condition can cause dissatisfaction to the toll road users in obtaining services. It is need to be specified the appropriate queue system model to the conditions of service in Tembalang toll gate. So it can be determined the number of booth service is working optimally. Based on the data analysis obtained from the Arena software, the queue system model that can describe the conditions of service at Tembalang toll gates with data total- time, time-total, and time-time the direction of Srondol-Jatingaleh at the regular toll booth is (Norm/G/2):(GD/∞/∞), (G/Norm/2): (GD/∞/∞), (G/G/2): (GD/∞/∞) and at the automatic toll booth is (G/Tria/3): (GD/∞/∞), (Tria/G/3): (GD/∞/∞), (G/G/3): (GD/∞/∞) while with the direction of Jatingaleh-Srondol at the regular toll booth is (Norm/G/3): (GD/∞/∞), (G/Norm/3): (GD/∞/∞), (G/G/3): (GD/∞/∞) and (G/Tria/2): (GD/∞/∞),  (Tria/G/2): (GD/∞/∞), (G/G/2): (GD/∞/∞) at automatic toll booth.

scholarly journals Simulation of queue length on Amplas Entrance Toll before and after the ramp off development with Vissim software

2018 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 07002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medis Surbakti ◽  
Tadeus Satria
Keyword(s):  
Service Time ◽  
Queue Length ◽  
Theory Method ◽  
City Administration ◽  
Software Models ◽  
Research Site ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Queue Theory ◽  
Toll Booth

In 2016 Medan City administration built on off ramp at Amplas fly over, where this ramp off directly to toll booth Amplas. The faster the time needs to get to the toll booth enables the rate of arrival vehicles that impact with increasing queue length. The purpose of this study is to know the length of the queue at Amplas toll booth before and after ramp off construction with queue theory method and vissim softwaremodelings. Data acquired by recording the activities at the research site in the form of vehicles volume. The queue length obtained from the queue method with average service time 7 seconds is 6,212 meter while the result using VISSIM software is 11,988 meter. From the VISSIM software models also obtained that the length of queue after the construction of the ramp off increases compared before the construction of ramp off, from 6,67 meter to 11,988 metre.

Enhancement of Toll Plaza System With Smart Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
Sagar Gupta ◽  
Garima Mathur ◽  
Venkatesan R ◽  
S. Purushotham
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Data Loss ◽  
The Public ◽  
Maximum Time ◽  
The Future ◽  
Toll Plaza ◽  
Toll Booth

This chapter aims to solve the problem of heavy traffic caused due to a long queue near the toll plaza. The authors design the website with the motive that it will save the maximum time of the public, reducing the problem of heavy traffic. Moreover, the website maintains the entire database containing the details of the staff, pass, receipts, vehicle details, etc., which will reduce any problem in the future. Since they are also aware of the fact that in many villages in India, there are not even proper toll booths to pay taxes, and people are doing it manually, which can result in data loss and even is time-consuming. So, keeping this mind, they aim to design the website that is simple to use such that every people working in toll booth can get habituated to it easily. They also aim to make this website fully secure such that data can be protected and citizens are comfortable providing their details to create their pass and generate receipts. The main feature is that users can also generate receipt for themselves from anywhere through website to avoid waste of time at toll.

A heuristic method for the minimum toll booth problem

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Bai ◽  
Donald W. Hearn ◽  
Siriphong Lawphongpanich
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Toll Booth

A Pneumatic Multi-Dome Active Energy Harvesting System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Goodey ◽  
Austin Fidlar ◽  
Varuna Denawakage Don ◽  
Donnie Hudnell ◽  
Ronell Pemberton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Pneumatic Cylinder ◽  
The Road ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Simulation Testing ◽  
System Data ◽  
Toll Booth

When traveling through heavy traffic, vehicles lose a large amount of their kinetic energy. These losses can be attributed to various sources such as the roll friction of the tires against the road pavement. According to the Federal Highway Administration, there are an average of 304,000 cars a day travelling on the US-75 near the Dallas Fort Worth Arlington area in Texas. With so much available energy being wasted, it is essential to find a different way to harness losses so that they can be recycled. The purpose of this research project is to design a system that will harvest some of this lost energy using a set of pneumatic cylinders built into the road. The cylinders will have a dome shape that extends slightly above the surface of the road. As cars pass over this dome the cylinder will retract and compressed air will be sent through a pneumatic system, to an air tank where it is stored. The energy generated by the air stored in the cylinder can be used to drive a pneumatic motor that can turn a generator. The generator could then be used for multiple purposes such as: charge a battery, power a toll booth or other near highway structures. The compressed air stored in the tank may be used for other applications. This is useful due to the fact that almost every industry from the medical industry to the food industry use compressed air to power their pneumatic tools. The pneumatic cylinder will be used in areas of high traffic such as when a car approaches a toll booth, or entrances and exits of multi-level parking garages. The pneumatic cylinder and the associated air flow system using a CAD and a pneumatic software. The behavior of the system could then be tested and be better understood. After the initial simulation testing, a physical prototype has been built in order to gather practical data that can be compared to the simulations. Based on the gathered data on the prototype an assembly of numerous road rumbles can be built and tested on real streets. It is expected that a high pressure will be built in the tank using the prototype. Once pressure is built in the system data will be generated using various instruments, which will show pressure versus time, and pressure versus number of strokes so that the system can be better understood during the testing period. This data will then be used to determine the efficiency, and viability of the proposed system in generating compressed air as a form energy.

Measuring and Modeling Emission Effects for Toll Facilities

2005 ◽  
Vol 1941 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida C. Coelho ◽  
Tiago L. Farias ◽  
Nagui M. Rouphail
Keyword(s):  
Queue Length ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Stop And Go ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Toll Booth

At conventional pay tolls, vehicles joining a queue must come to a stop and undergo several stop-and-go cycles until payment is completed. As a result, emissions increase because of excessive delays, queuing, and speed change cycles for approaching traffic. The main objective of this research is to quantify traffic and emission impacts of toll facilities in urban corridors. As a result of experimental measurements of traffic and emissions, the impact of traffic and emission performance of conventional and electronic toll facilities is presented. The approach attempts to explain the interaction between toll system operational variables (traffic demand, service time, and service type) and system performance variables (stops, queue length, and emissions). The experimental data for validating the numerical traffic model were gathered on pay tolls located in three main corridors that access the city of Lisbon, Portugal. The emissions model is based on real-world onboard measurements of vehicle emissions. With the appropriate speed profiles of vehicles in pay tolls, onboard emission measurements were carried out to quantify the relationships between vehicle dynamics and emissions. The main conclusion of this work is that there are two different types of stop-and-go driving cycles for vehicles joining the queue at a conventional toll booth: short and long. The length of each cycle depends on the expected queue length at the toll booth and the frequency of each cycle directly affects the level of vehicle emissions. The greatest percentage of emissions for a vehicle that stops at a pay toll is due to its final acceleration back to cruise speed after leaving the pay toll.

scholarly journals Toll and Traffic Management System for Express Highways

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2109-2113
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alert Message ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
The Government ◽  
Toll Booth

Now a days, toll plazas at the highways are operated manually, where a vehicle comes near the toll booth and toll collector collects the cash and enter the vehicle data and provides a receipt. Manually operated Toll Plaza Systems leads to longer waiting time of vehicles and heavy traffic at the highways. To overcome this issue of traffic congestion and time management and to bring automation in the toll management system, we have introduced an innovative, optimized and revolutionary system. This paper is putting forward an efficient and cost-effective technique of automatic toll collection. The system is based on the mobile GPS network and will use various APIs for development. The cost to be paid at the toll gate is auto decided as per the government limits and the toll booth charges. System will use online payment gateways to collect those revenues. If the balance is low in the user’s account then it can be recharged at the booth itself. At the user’s end, If the toll tax payment is delayed by certain timeline then user will be informed by an alert message and if delay still exists then strict actions will be imposed along with proper penalty charges for the same. This system is the novelty to the existing toll system. It will have a wide impact on people's life as its scope will lead to safe and enhanced productivity through the use of advanced technologies. This will also minimize fraud and will provide user convenience. It will also enhance the operational efficiency of toll collector.

scholarly journals Assessing the Environmental and Economic Footprint of Electronic Toll Collection Lanes: A Simulation Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9578
Author(s):  
Ioannis-Dimosthenis Ramandanis ◽  
Ioannis Politis ◽  
Socrates Basbas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Station ◽  
Toll Booth

Electronic toll collection (ETC) plays, as part of transport demand management (TDM) measures, an important role in preventing traffic congestion and improving the environmental conditions in urban and rural areas. An attempt is made in the framework of this paper to evaluate the overall performance of a toll station when a lane is dedicated to ETC. The case study refers to a toll station in the Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area, Greece. Scenarios considered specific traffic characteristics, variable toll booth setups, and different penetration rates of the ETC tag users for car and heavy vehicles. The tool used in the evaluation process was the PTV Vissim traffic simulation software. The operation of the toll station during a specific peak-hour period was simulated with the aid of the specific software. In total, 39 alternative scenarios were developed and compared to determine the level of penetration rate for which the ETC lane would be effective for different toll booth setups. Results showed that when the right lane of the toll station is converted to ETC lane, the penetration rate of this lane must be greater the 15% for the private vehicles and 20% for the heavy goods vehicles (HGV) to reduce traffic congestion and to improve environmental conditions. It was also found that when an additional ETC lane was introduced to the existing toll station set up, traffic congestion and the associated environmental conditions were much improved even for low penetration rates. It must be noticed that the results from the use of discounted cash flow methods like internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV) and benefit–cost ratio (BCR) showed that all economic indicators converge as penetration rate increases in all toll booth setups. Therefore, there is a specific penetration rate threshold above which the economic viability of the investment is secured. These findings can assist the design of an effective policy in terms of the optimized operation of a toll station and sustainable mobility planning.

A Toll Booth on the Mersey

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
Jim Powell
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Reduced Volume ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Toll Booth ◽  
Cotton Trade

This chapter describes how the raw cotton trade was financed, before showing that – despite a drastically reduced volume – the vast rise in price meant that the value of raw cotton imports was greater than at any time in the 19th century and, in terms of the cotton traded, possibly the greatest ever. The implications for the earnings of the cotton brokers are demonstrated, together with the fury in Manchester that Liverpool was enriching itself while the rest of the industry starved. Two elements of Thomas Ellison’s etiquette are considered: that cotton brokers were not simultaneously buying and selling brokers, and that they did not trade cotton on their own account. Evidence is produced to suggest that both contentions are false. The chapter shows how cotton speculation infested the market during the war, but also how the spinners were implicated in it themselves. It concludes with the conflict that erupted towards the end of the war between the Liverpool Cotton Brokers’ Association and the Cotton Spinners’ Association, led by Hugh Mason.

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