HISTORIOGRAPHY, CAUSALITY, AND POSITIONING: AN UNSYSTEMATIC VIEW OF ACCOUNTING HISTORY

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Oldroyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Causal Theories

The article reviews recent developments in accounting historiography in relation to the underlying positioning of the participants. It finds that accounting history has located itself within the tradition of social science, which subsumes events into generalizations and generalizations into theory. It reviews the efficacy of causal theories of human behavior and proposes an alternative nontheoretical approach.

scholarly journals Modeling human behavior in economics and social science

2017 ◽  
Vol 22-23 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dolfin ◽  
L. Leonida ◽  
N. Outada
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Human Behavior

scholarly journals Evolutionary Psychology in the Modern World: Applications, Perspectives, and Strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 147470491201000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Craig Roberts ◽  
Mark van Vugt ◽  
Robin I. M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Darwinian Medicine ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Economics And Politics

An evolutionary approach is a powerful framework which can bring new perspectives on any aspect of human behavior, to inform and complement those from other disciplines, from psychology and anthropology to economics and politics. Here we argue that insights from evolutionary psychology may be increasingly applied to address practical issues and help alleviate social problems. We outline the promise of this endeavor, and some of the challenges it faces. In doing so, we draw parallels between an applied evolutionary psychology and recent developments in Darwinian medicine, which similarly has the potential to complement conventional approaches. Finally, we describe some promising new directions which are developed in the associated papers accompanying this article.

Environment and Health Research in China: The State of the Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 255-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Holdaway
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Science ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractIn the context of this symposium, this article reviews social science research in the emerging field of environment and health in China, with a particular focus on the impacts of pollution. It begins with a discussion of the particular nature of China's environment-related health problems, distinguishing the different challenges presented by diseases of poverty, affluence and transition. It then reviews recent developments in policy and civil society with regard to environment and health, and the extent to which work in the social sciences has advanced our knowledge of these and of state–society interactions. The article concludes with some reflections on the need for and challenges of interdisciplinary and international collaboration in this area.

A Protest-Cycle Resolution of the Repression/Popular-Protest Paradox

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Brockett
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Central American ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
State Terrorism

Many people [in Guatemala] did begin to join the guerrillas, while many more were sympathetic or quietly supportive. The guerrillas are the only remaining source of defense left to a community or family. I know of villages that experienced actual massacres against innocent campesinos, who were not even members of coops. The survivors of these massacres would often turn to the guerrillas. With all their anger about the murders of their kin and neighbors, there was nowhere else to turn.—quoted in S. Davis and J. Hodson, Witnesses to Political Violence in GuatemalaCentral american events of recent decades show human behavior at both its most courageous and its most barbaric. The opposing phenomena of popular mobilization and state terrorism pose some of the most profound questions that can be asked by social science. How can we explain the willingness of political elites and their agents to slay thousands—tens of thousands—of their fellow human beings, even when their victims are unarmed? Conversely, how do we account for ordinary people undertaking collective action under circumstances so dangerous that even their lives are at risk?

Social science ethics: the changing context for research

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Webster
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Science Ethics ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Ethical Content ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Way

This article looks at recent developments that have had an impact upon the way in which the ethical content of research is judged. It then goes on to look in some detail at the guidance offered to social science researchers in the Economic and Social Science Research Council's new Research Ethics Framework.

scholarly journals From Homo Sapiens to Robo Sapiens: The Evolution of Intelligence

Information ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Ringel Raveh ◽  
Boaz Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Network Technology ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Neural Network Technology

In this paper, we present a review of recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) towards the possibility of an artificial intelligence equal that of human intelligence. AI technology has always shown a stepwise increase in its capacity and complexity. The last step took place several years ago with the increased progress in deep neural network technology. Each such step goes hand in hand with our understanding of ourselves and our understanding of human cognition. Indeed, AI was always about the question of understanding human nature. AI percolates into our lives, changing our environment. We believe that the next few steps in AI technology, and in our understanding of human behavior, will bring about much more powerful machines that are flexible enough to resemble human behavior. In this context, there are two research fields: Artificial Social Intelligence (ASI) and General Artificial Intelligence (AGI). The authors also allude to one of the main challenges for AI, embodied cognition, and explain how it can be viewed as an opportunity for further progress in AI research.

It’s Not the Lawyers We Need to Convince

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Erin R. Archerd
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
The Law ◽  
Women And The Law

Legal Negotiation may be a magnum opus, but it was only the opening salvo in career now spanning four decades. So many of the ideas and themes that came to mark Carrie Menkel-Meadow’s career are here, reflected largely in the meticulously researched literature review that plays out in the footnotes: women and the law, social science and human behavior, and the importance of ethics. And that’s just the footnotes....

Adaptive Biases

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
Dominic D. P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Rational Actor ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
Better Than

This chapter explores the notion of adaptive biases and strategic instincts in more detail and compares social science and life science approaches to understanding human behavior. It explains why cognitive biases evolved in the evolutionary past, whether they continue to be adaptive today, and why a bias can be better than accuracy. It also mentions that historians disagree on the relative influence of individual human actors in how history unfolds, while other historians dispute the fact that many or a majority of the most important figures across the ages do not fit the model of a perfectly rational actor. The chapter offers insights, predictions, and sources of variation that unifies a scientific theory to understand the origins, causes, and consequences of human cognitive and behavioral biases. It draws on evolutionary psychology to make two core arguments: cognitive biases are adaptations and cognitive biases are strategic.

Friendship and Organizational Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Grey ◽  
Andrew Sturdy
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Analysis ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Folk Concept ◽  
Organizational Experience ◽  
Social Science Literature ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in organizational analysis have done much to fill out the dry, textbook image of rational, formal structures. Yet on one of the commonest kinds of organizational experience—friendship—organizational analysis has remained virtually silent. By contrast, within the wider social science literature some writers have recently accorded greater importance to friendship as a social phenomenon. This article suggests that organizational analysis would be well served by doing the same. To this end, the article explores what this might entail and identifies some of the issues that it could illuminate, both empirically and theoretically. In particular, it presents friendship as a folk concept, which recognizes the situational variability of its form, experience, and connectedness with other forms of relationship. In doing so, the article will help define and open up a focus for future research into friendship and organizational analysis.

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