Institutional Ownership, Peer Pressure, and Voluntary Disclosures

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Lin ◽  
Ying Mao ◽  
Zheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Management Forecasts ◽  
Voluntary Disclosures ◽  
Index Funds ◽  
The Public ◽  
Industry Peers ◽  
Identification Strategy

ABSTRACT We document peer effect as an important factor in determining corporate voluntary disclosure policies. Our identification strategy relies on a discontinuity in the distribution of institutional ownership caused by the annual Russell 1000/2000 index reconstitution. Around the threshold of the Russell 1000/2000 index, the top Russell 2000 index firms experience a significant jump in institutional ownership compared with their closely neighbored bottom Russell 1000 index firms due to index funds' benchmarking strategies. The increase in institutional ownership and resultant improvement in the information environment of the top Russell 2000 index firms create pressures on their industry peers to increase voluntary disclosures. Consistent with this prediction, we find that the discontinuously higher institutional ownership of the top Russell 2000 index firms significantly increases industry peers' likelihood and frequency of issuing management forecasts. Further analyses show that such an effect could be driven by firms' incentive to compete for capital. JEL Classifications: G23; G34; M41; D80. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

Revealing Future Prospects without Forecasts: The Case of Accelerating Material Contract Filings

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1769-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Xuejun Li
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Management Forecasts ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Conference Calls ◽  
The Public ◽  
Proprietary Cost ◽  
Forward Looking

ABSTRACT: Extant research on voluntary disclosure about future prospects has focused on two forward-looking disclosure mechanisms: management forecasts and conference calls. This study examines the accelerated filing of material contracts as another type of future-related disclosure that involves no forecasting. I find that firms are more likely to accelerate material contract filings when forward-looking disclosures could lack credibility or arouse litigation concerns. However, for proprietary cost considerations, firms delay contract filings when facing high (low) product market competition from incumbents (potential entrants). I also find that accelerated contract filing is incrementally associated with lower information asymmetry. Overall, while presenting a cost-benefit trade-off that is distinctly different from forward-looking disclosures, accelerated contract filing is an important alternative channel through which firms communicate future prospects to investors. Data Availability: The data used in this study are available from the public sources identified in the paper. Contact the author for any specific data requests.

Foreign Institutional Investors and Corporate Voluntary Disclosure Around the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Tsang ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Xiangang Xin
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Investor Protection ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Management Forecasts ◽  
Disclosure Requirements ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Institutional Investors ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT We examine the impact of foreign institutional investors on firms' voluntary disclosure practices measured by management forecasts. In a sample of 32 non-U.S. countries, we find that, on average, foreign institutional investments lead to improved voluntary disclosure, and their impact is larger than that of domestic institutional investors. These results are more pronounced when foreign institutional investors (1) are unfamiliar with the firm's home country, (2) have longer investment horizons, and (3) are from countries with stronger investor protection and disclosure requirements than the firm's home country. However, we also find some evidence of voluntary disclosure deterioration in firms with foreign institutional investors from countries with inferior disclosure requirements and securities regulations and with concentrated foreign institutional ownership. Overall, our results suggest that the relation between foreign institutional investors and voluntary disclosure is much richer and more complex than what has been documented for domestic institutional investors in the literature.

Corporate Reporting of Nonfinancial Leading Indicators of Economic Performance and Sustainability

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Cohen ◽  
Lori L. Holder-Webb ◽  
Leda Nath ◽  
David Wood
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Leading Indicators ◽  
Nonfinancial Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corporate Reporting ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Corporate Social

SYNOPSIS The call for disclosure of nonfinancial information has grown in response to the awareness that financial statements omit salient information about the company (Adams et al. 2011). This study follows earlier studies of nonfinancial disclosures of governance and corporate social responsibility information (Holder-Webb et al. 2008, 2009) and examines the public voluntary disclosure of a set of leading indicators of economic performance and sustainability of earnings provided during 2004 by a sample of 50 publicly traded firms across five industries. The results indicate that, among the sample firms, there remains a lack of rigorous and expansive disclosure of this type of information and that considerable variability exists in disclosure practice based on both industry and size. For example, companies disclose a wide variety of nonfinancial information both through mandatory filings such as 10-Ks and through alternative sources such as investor promotion materials and company websites, with the most frequent types of disclosures being concerned with information pertaining to market share and innovation. We conclude by discussing the role of this study within recent developments in integrative reporting (Adams et al. 2011) and suggest that these types of disclosures would benefit from the availability of assurance services. Data Availability: All information used in this paper is available from public sources.

scholarly journals AN EXAMINATION OF VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE, INDEPENDENT BOARD, INDEPENDENT AUDIT COMMITTEE AND INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP: FIRM SIZE AS A MODERATOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Hisar Pangaribuan
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Board Members ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Independent Audit

: This study examines the impact of the independent board, independent audit committee and institutional ownership on voluntary disclosure (by placing company size as a moderating variable) in Indonesia banking companies. Data collected from the annual report of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange throughout the year of study. Hypotheses developed to be tested with a variance based approach and the results were interpreted. The result has shown that the increase of independent board members and independent audit committee members tend to decrease the level of voluntary disclosure (although the impact is not significant). Independent board and independent audit committee performed this to reduce cost due to a high disclosure and to avoid the threat of high competition in banking companies. The other result has shown that institutional investors are considered more professional and powerful in supervising management to disclose more information to the public. The final section of the study's findings indicated that firm size cannot be as a moderating variable on the impact of the independent board, independent audit committee and institutional ownership toward voluntary disclosure.

scholarly journals Peranan Karakteristik Dewan Direksi dan Struktur Kepemilikan dalam Pengungkapan Sukarela Perusahaan Publik Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Yeo ◽  
Meiliana Suparman
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Voluntary Disclosures

The objective of this study is to demonstrate that characteristics of the board of directors and ownership structure influence the level of voluntary disclosure. Board of directors’ characteristics include the board's size, composition, frequency of meetings, gender, expertise, and compensation. These attributes reflect the ownership structure, which includes foreign ownership, institutional ownership, and director ownership. Control variables include company size, firm age, leverage, profitability, and liquidity. This study utilized secondary data from 52 consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016 to 2020. In total, 228 observations were tested for hypotheses, after 32 outliers were removed from the data. The hypotheses were tested using panel regression with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The study found that all independent variables simultaneously have a significant impact on voluntary disclosures. According to the partial test (t-test), only the remuneration of directors and institutional ownership had a significant and positive effect on voluntary disclosures, while other variables had no significant impact. In addition, the foreign ownership variable had a significant affect on voluntary disclosure, however the direction is negative.

Cross-Listings and Voluntary Disclosure: International Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Yashu Dong ◽  
Jeff Ng ◽  
Albert Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Management Forecasts ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
Management Forecast ◽  
Cross Listing ◽  
International Setting ◽  
Foreign Institutional Investors

This paper examines changes in firms' disclosure behavior around cross-listings. Using an international setting, we find significant differences in management forecast likelihood and frequency between cross-listed firms and firms with similar characteristics but that are not cross-listed; particularly when differences in accounting standards between a cross-listed firm's home and target countries are larger. Further, we find that firms choosing to cross-list in target countries with larger accounting standards differences tend to provide more voluntary disclosure during the two years preceding a new cross-listing, rather than during the earlier time periods or the period after cross-listing, and such voluntary disclosure helps firms attract more foreign institutional ownership in their cross-listing target countries. Collectively, our evidence suggests that although differences in accounting standards across countries deter firms' cross-listing activities, cross-listed firms, by providing more management forecasts voluntarily, preemptively alleviate the information disadvantage faced by foreign institutional investors.

Technological Peer Pressure and Product Disclosure

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 95-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Shun Cao ◽  
Guang Ma ◽  
Jennifer Wu Tucker ◽  
Chi Wan
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Earnings Forecasts ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Management Earnings Forecasts ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Proprietary Costs

ABSTRACT We introduce a firm-specific measure of the technological aspect of competition—technological peer pressure—and examine firm-initiated product development-related press releases. We argue that empirical examinations of the theorized negative relation between competition and disclosure require the type of voluntary disclosure to be relevant to the dimension of competition under examination to ensure that firms incur significant proprietary costs of disclosure. In other words, many types of disclosure do not provide actionable information to competitors and, thus, should not be affected by that dimension of competition. We expect a negative relation between technological peer pressure and product disclosure because the latter reveals firms' strategies, allocations, and progress of technological investments in product development to competitors. In contrast, we do not expect a negative relation between technological peer pressure and management earnings forecasts—the most common type of voluntary disclosure used in accounting research. Our test results are consistent with these expectations. Data Availability: All data are available from public sources. Our TPP Measure is available for download, please see the link in Appendix G.

scholarly journals Board composition, ownership structure and voluntary disclosure: An empirical study of the listed companies in Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Moustafa Soliman ◽  
Aiman A. Ragab ◽  
Mohammed B. Eldin
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Board Composition ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Voluntary Disclosures ◽  
Board Size ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between board composition and ownership structure variables on the level of voluntary information disclosures of companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange. Board composition is examined in terms of board independence; board size; and CEO duality; also, ownership structure is examined in terms of ownership concentration; institutional ownership; and managerial ownership. The results show that there is a significant negative relationship between CEO duality and voluntary disclosures. However, board independence; board size; ownership concentration; institutional ownership; and managerial ownership are not associated with voluntary disclosures. Also, the results of the regression analyses show that size and leverage of firms are significantly and positively associated with the level of voluntary information disclosures. Profitability of a firm is not significantly associated with voluntary disclosures. Finally, this paper indicates the relationship among board composition, ownership structure and corporate voluntary disclosure, and provides evidence for Egyptian regulators to improve corporate governance and optimize ownership structure.

scholarly journals Managerial Incentives and Management Forecast Precision

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1575-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Cheng ◽  
Ting Luo ◽  
Heng Yue
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Managerial Incentives ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Management Forecasts ◽  
Disclosure Risk ◽  
Management Forecast ◽  
Forecast Precision ◽  
Negative News ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: Managers have great discretion in determining forecast characteristics, but little is known about how managerial incentives affect these characteristics. This paper examines whether managers strategically choose forecast precision for self-serving purposes. Building on the prior finding that the market reaction to vague forecasts is weaker than its reaction to precise forecasts, we find that for management forecasts disclosed before insider sales, more positive (negative) news forecasts are more (less) precise than other management forecasts. The opposite applies to management forecasts disclosed before insider purchases. These results are consistent with managers strategically choosing forecast precision to increase stock prices before insider sales and to decrease stock prices before insider purchases. Additional analyses indicate that the impact of managerial incentives on forecast precision is less pronounced when institutional ownership is high or when disclosure risk is high, and is more pronounced when investors have difficulty in assessing the precision of managers' information. Data Availability: The data used in this study are publicly available from the sources indicated in the text.

Private Litigation Costs and Voluntary Disclosure: Evidence from the Morrison Ruling

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Naughton ◽  
Tjomme O. Rusticus ◽  
Clare Wang ◽  
Ira Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Supreme Court Ruling ◽  
Securities Litigation ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Right ◽  
Private Litigation

ABSTRACT We examine the causal effect of expected private litigation costs on voluntary disclosure using a natural experiment, the Supreme Court ruling in Morrison v. National Australia Bank. Even though this ruling had no effect on what constituted fraudulent conduct for the purpose of securities litigation, it significantly reduced the expected private litigation costs for foreign cross-listed firms by reducing the pool of potential claimants. It did so by eliminating the right of shareholders who purchased shares on non-U.S. exchanges from seeking compensation in U.S. courts. In the post-Morrison period, we find consistent evidence showing a decrease in voluntary disclosure using analyses that exploit the varying impact of the ruling based on both firm- and country-level attributes. Unlike a number of prior studies, we find that the positive relation between litigation and disclosure does not depend on the direction of the news. JEL Classifications: G15; G18; M41. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

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