Instructional Case: General Host: Accounting for a Bond Refunding

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Mohrman
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Business Press ◽  
Paper Money ◽  
Book Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interest Expense

This assignment, which involves accounting for a simple bond refunding, achieves several objectives. First, it reinforces basic concepts in bond accounting, such as cash flows, book values, interest expense and gains/losses from early extinguishment. Second, it leads students to critically analyze an article from the popular business press. Third, it illustrates many important issues in financial accounting, such as earnings management, the relationship between earnings and stock prices, and economic consequences. Students are asked to read “Paper Money” from Forbes' “Numbers Game” column. The article describes General Host's bond exchange offer and questions the recognition of a gain in such circumstances. The case assignment requires students to carefully analyze the bond exchange and to question many of the authors' assumptions about the economic impacts of the exchange offer. I have used this case successfully in undergraduate intermediate accounting classes and in an introductory financial accounting course for M.B.A. students.

scholarly journals The Causes and Effects of Earnings Management on Stock Prices

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (116) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Kawa Wali ◽  
Sabhi Saleh ◽  
Kees Van Paridon
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Corporate Reporting ◽  
Reported Earnings ◽  
The Relationship

This study uses the performance of the discretionary estimation models by using a sample of listed companies in the Netherlands and Germany. The actual accounting framework provides a wide opportunity for managers to influence data in financial reporting. The corporate reporting strategy, the way managers use their discretionary accounting, has a significant effect on the company's financial reporting. The authors contribute to the literature through enhancement to these models to accomplish better effects of identifying earnings management as well as to present evidence that is particular to the Dutch and German setting. For this, we followed the methodology of Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney (1995) and Chan et al. (2006) and test which model can detect Dutch and German firm’s earnings management better by applying those models to the artificially manipulated earnings after adding some amount to the reported earnings. This investigation found that earnings are managed relatively more in Germany than in the Netherlands. The relationship between earnings management, stock returns, and corporate governance has been tested. Our results suggested that the strong or weak impact of corporate governance in these two countries varied. The multi-sectoral Jones model has a modest illustrative capacity. Finally, the results show that maximum discretionary accruals involve a large number of estimated errors which have foreseeable effect on income, stock returns and future cash flows. The decrease in level of earnings management indicates that the measurement error has been largely eliminated in the estimated performance -related accruals.

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIABEL AKUNTANSI TERHADAPPERUBAHAN HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN YANG GO PUBLIC DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Setyaningsih Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between accounting variables and stock price changes in Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX). Some accounting variables in this study are devidend payout  ratio, assets size, assets growth , leverage ratio, variability in earning and covariability in earning as independent variables, the independent variables are stock  price changes. The study analysis 80 cases of active firms  in  the period of 1994 to 1997.  Data is collected by means of purpo sive random sampling. Regression analysis is used to analyse the data.The  result  of  the study  shows  that  there  is significant  affect  of  the  sevent financial accounting informations in the model as predictor of stock price changes (Y); there are two variables to be dropped because there is multicolinierity among variables. Those variables are leverage ratio (X5) and covariability in earning (X7) . There are five other independent variables affect significantly to stock prices changes (Y), which their contribution is 49%.

scholarly journals Effects Of Key Financial Indicators On Earnings Management In Korea’s Ready Mixed Concrete Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geun Bae Jang ◽  
Weon-Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ready Mixed Concrete ◽  
Mixed Concrete

Earnings management is the practice of deriving certain benefits by intervening in external financial reporting or misleading certain stakeholders through adjustments to accruals without cash flow involvement or with affecting cash flows through real activities. Using the models of Kothari et al. (2005) and Cohen et al. (2008) for accrual-based earnings management (AEM) and real activities earnings management (REM), respectively, we examined whether relationships exist between key financial indicators, such as cash flows from operations, operating income, and debt dependency level, and AEM and REM in the ready mixed concrete (RMC) industry in Korea. This study is the first to investigate earnings management in Korea’s RMC sector. Results showed that operating income and cash flows from operations are significantly negatively related to AEM and REM, consistent with the findings of previous research. By contrast, debt dependency exhibits no significant relationship with AEM and REM, contradicting the findings of most previous studies. As a moderating variable, operating income affects the relationship between cash flows from operations and earnings management with only REM. On these bases, we can infer that earnings management in the Korean RMC industry responds differently to key financial indicators with regards to AEM and REM practice. Overall, companies in the industry implement aggressive earnings management depending on operating income and cash generation ability level rather than debt dependency level. These findings provide important insights for people who are interested in accounting information on the RMC industry in Korea.

scholarly journals The impact of ownership type on the relationship between corporate governance and earnings management: An empirical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Ahmed Boghdady
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Real Earnings Management ◽  
Ownership Type ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Privately Owned

This study investigates the effect of ownership type on the relation between corporate governance and earnings management. While previous literature has mainly examined the relationship between corporate governance and both accrual and real earnings management, no study to date, to the researcher’s best knowledge, focused on the moderation effect of ownership type on this relationship. Three proxies for measuring accrual and real earnings management, namely discretionary accruals (DA), abnormal cash flows (ACFO), and abnormal discretionary expenses (ADISX) are employed. Three empirical models (i.e. DA, ACFO, and ADISX) are developed in which the earnings management proxies represent the dependent variables and are tested using a sample of non-financial companies containing state-owned and privately owned companies over the period from 2010 to 2017, with 1030 firm-year observations. The results show a positive relationship between ownership type and both accruals manipulation and sales manipulation. In general, the results suggest that the ownership type moderates the relationship between corporate governance and earnings management. The results suggest also that corporate governance mechanisms may not play an almost the same role in monitoring and mitigating real earnings management (REM) practices as they do for accrual earnings management (AEM) in Egypt. Moreover, no evidence is found supportive of the trade-off effect which means that managers in Egyptian firms use both types of earnings management jointly to reach the target levels of earnings

The Relationship between Aggressive Real Earnings Management and Current and Future Audit Fees

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Greiner ◽  
Mark J. Kohlbeck ◽  
Thomas J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Real Earnings Management ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pricing Behavior ◽  
Reported Earnings ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY We examine the relationship between aggressive income-increasing real earnings management (REM) and current and future audit fees. Managers pursue REM activities to influence reported earnings and, as a consequence, alter cash flows and sacrifice firm value. We posit that the implications of REM are considered in auditors' assessments of engagement risk related to the client's economic condition and result in higher audit fees. We find that, with the exception of abnormal reductions in SG&A, aggressive income-increasing REM is positively associated with both current and future audit fees. Additional analyses provide evidence consistent with increased effort combined with increased risk contributing to the current pricing effect, with increased business risk primarily driving the future pricing effect. We, therefore, provide evidence that aggressive income-increasing REM activities have a significant influence on auditor pricing behavior, consistent with the audit framework associating engagement risk with audit fees. JEL Classifications: G21; G34; M41. Data Availability: The data in this study are available from public sources indicated in the paper.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between of Cash Flows (Financing, Investment and Operating) and Stock Prices, Size of the Firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Tamer Bahjat Sabri ◽  
Khalid Mohammad Hasan Sweis ◽  
Issam Naim Mahammad Ayyash ◽  
Yasmeen Faheem Asaad Qalalwi ◽  
Israa Sami Abbas Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

This study sought to test the relationship between cash flows from operating activities, investment activities and financial activities and on one hand and stock returns and the volume of assets on the companies listed in Palestine Stock Exchange on the other hand. The study incorporated 24 companies in 2018 and the required data were obtained through the financial statements. To test the hypotheses of the study, the Mann-Whitny U Test was used, a nonparametric test. Also the Kolmogorov-Smirnov was done. The findings demonstrated that the value of the Whitny U Test was (-3.291) Z with a statistical significance at 1%. Based on this, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative one, stating that there is a statistically significant difference between the operating flows of companies with low assets and those companies with high assets, was accepted. However, the other null hypothesis was accepted. The study recommended that companies and investors should take into consideration cash flows when taking an investment decision in Palestine Stock Exchange.

scholarly journals Equity Classification Of Convertible Debt?: Tax And Cash Flows Considerations

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Douglas K. Schneider ◽  
Dan Schisler ◽  
Mark G. McCarthy ◽  
J. Larry Hagler
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flows ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Convertible Debt ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Hybrid Securities ◽  
Tax Deduction ◽  
Interest Expense

The issue of debt versus equity classification for hybrid securities has been a source of continuing controversy for tax policy-makers and financial accounting standard setters. A large number of corporations have issued hybrid financial instruments which possess the characteristics of both debt and equity. One of the most common examples of hybrid financial instruments is convertible debt. Issuers of convertible debt were motivated by a desire to raise capital that would be attractive to the capital markets while at the same time exploit tax or reporting rules. For instance, the issuer of convertible debt is allowed a tax deduction for interest expense even though the convertible debt instrument may later be converted to equity, thus avoiding repayment of principal at maturity. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) allows the issuer a tax deduction for interest expense, while requiring the holder to recognize taxable interest income. However, the IRS and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) have considered treating convertible debt according to its underlying economic substance and ultimate outcome as opposed to treating it strictly as debt. If the IRS, the FASB, or both were to move towards an economic substance approach with respect to convertible debt, what implications would this have on the issuers and holders of convertible debt? This article speculates on changes in tax and reporting rules for convertible debt and analyzes the potential impact of such changes on the treatment of distributions from convertible debt. Our analysis shows that if convertible debt were treated as equity and its distributions no longer eligible for interest expense deductions, issuers would experience a decrease in cash flow from operations due to the presumed increase in tax liability. Conversely, holders of convertible debt may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

scholarly journals RELEVANSI NILAI LABA, NILAI BUKU EKUITAS, ARUS KAS OPERASI DAN DIVIDEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulianni Yulianni ◽  
Sugi Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Operating Cash Flows ◽  
Book Values ◽  
A Company

The relevance of the value of accounting information presented must have the ability to explain the value of a company. Accounting information in the form of financial statements is said to be relevant if the information can be useful for investors in making decisions and the reaction of investors when information is announced that can be observed through stock price movements because stock prices reflect the value of the company. The theories used in this study are the theory of clean surplus, signaling theory, and theory of market efficiency. Based on the purposive sampling method obtained as many as 79 companies, with a total of 237 samples. The analysis techniques used are pooling test, classic assumption test, descriptive statistical test, F test, t-test, and test coefficient of determination. The data used is secondary data obtained from www.idx.co.id. The results showed that earnings, equity book values, operating cash flows, and dividends proved to have a positive influence on stock prices.Keywords : Earnings, book value of equity, operating cash flows, dividends, and stock price

PENGARUH INFORMASI LABA AKUNTANSI, ALIRAN KAS DAN KOMPONEN ALIRAN KAS TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ferry Ferry ◽  
Erny Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Statement Of Cash Flows ◽  
The One

Brfoo 1994, the one way measurcd pdormance of go public compa4y is earning afier tu, but on September 7, 1994 the Indonesian Institute olAccountants (IAI) published the statement of financial Accounting Standard (PSAK) No.2, "statement of Cash Flows" requires companiesto pubtish the statewent of cash flows beginning from January I, tggs. So investors had two kinds measurement of performance go public companies.The objective of study is to aplain the influence of informationcontent of accounting income, total cash Jlows, and components of cash flow with stock price in lidonesian manufacuring firms The accounting income is earning afiir ta,tc before extra ordinary item and discontinued operations and total cash flows is a sum of cash flow from operating activities, cash llow from investing activities, and cash tlow from financing activities.This study was constitute replicated study from Triyono and Yogiyanto (2000) about the association of information content of total cash flows, components of cash Jlows, and accoun:ting income with stock prices or stock returns. This study took sample frorn manufacnring firms lisfed in the Jakarta Stock Exciange @ni) from 1999-iOOZ tnoT"had pubtished aadited financial statement. Stock prices using monthly prices that hadended December 1999-2002. The statistics method used to test ltypotheses is a linier multiple regression. The model was considered: levek')odet.  The empirical results with using the first model levels about the influ. hence information of accounting income and total cash flows with stock prices can be explained accounting income gave positive influence and significant with stock prices whereas total cash flows gcMe negative and tlgnil*nt with stock prices. In the second model levels about the influ- ,i"i ,nyn *ation of cash flow from operating actiu.ities, cash flow from investing activities, and cash flow from financing octivities with stock pri, i* b" explained, separated total gash fl9ws into.yomponents. of 'cash flows gave negative influence and significant with stock prices "rp"ifolly iash ltoi from aperating octivities and c-ash flow from finincing activities. In the third model levels obout influence information of acciunting income and components of cash Jlows with stock prices irn be expliined, accounting income gave positive inlluence and significont with stock prices whereas companents of cosh tlows gNe negative influence and significant with stock prices'Keywords : accounting Income, cash Flows, components of cashflows, levels model

scholarly journals Do managers engage in earnings management to support firm’s market valuation?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Raoli
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Market Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Market Change ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between a firm’s market value and earnings management in the Italian financial market. Change in total accruals is used as a proxy for earnings management and change in the market to book ratio is used as a proxy for a firm’s market value. In contrast to the United States, Italy is a code-law and insider system country. The financial accounting system is characterized by a close overlap with tax accounting systems, which allows me to study the relationship with a different perspective than is possible with U.S. data. Moreover, I imply change in total accruals to measure earnings management. To my knowledge, there are no studies utilising this methodology in this type of institutional setting. The results of my study show that an increase in a firm’s market value is associated with income-increasing earnings management and a decrease in a firm’s market value is associated with income-decreasing earnings management. In line with U.S. evidence, my findings empirically validate Jensen’s prediction (Jensen, 2005) of the overvalued company also in the Italian financial market. The positive relationship between a decrease in a firm’s market value and income-decreasing earnings management is consistent with Badertscher (2011) study.

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