Enhancing and Structuring the MD&A to Aid Investors when Using Interactive Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve G. Sutton ◽  
Vicky Arnold ◽  
Jean C. Bedard ◽  
Jillian R. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Nonprofessional Investors ◽  
Business Reporting ◽  
Interactive Data

ABSTRACT In 2008, the SEC issued a mandate requiring the use of interactive tagged data (i.e., eXtensible Business Reporting Language, or XBRL) for all public companies' filings of their annual financial statements. However, the SEC put the mandates in place only for the financial statements and accompanying notes. The SEC specifically excluded the use of interactive tagged data for most narrative aspects of annual reports, including Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A), deeming current taxonomies for interactive data tagging inadequate. This study leverages upon the efforts of the Enhanced Business Reporting Consortium (EBRC) to develop a more robust taxonomy for the MD&A. The EBRC effort consists of two parts: (1) expanding the scope of qualitative disclosures, and (2) integrating all of the interactive data tags used by companies during the voluntary disclosure period predating the SEC mandate into a comprehensive set of tags for existing MD&A disclosures. Of particular interest in this research is the first aspect of the EBRC effort—an analysis of professional and nonprofessional investors' perspectives on the value of proposed qualitative disclosures and areas in which such investors would desire additional disclosures. We conducted nine focus groups with professional and nonprofessional investors to elicit their information preferences, applying procedures consistent with the “information requirements definition” phase of systems design. Results show that participants are supportive of the EBRC's proposed 31 categories of qualitative disclosures, but also identify 15 additional categories as useful. We augment the focus groups with a survey of 286 investors to assess the relative value of the combined 46 categories. All 46 items appear to be desirable across investor participants. The results have implications for ongoing efforts to expand taxonomies for qualitative data disclosure and for standard-setters considering extensions to MD&A reporting requirements. Data Availability: Contact the corresponding author.

Adios! Airways: An Assignment on Mapping Financial Statements to the U.S. GAAP XBRL Taxonomy

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Debreceny ◽  
Stephanie Farewell
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Business Reporting ◽  
Instructional Resource ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
Interactive Data ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT: XBRL, based on XML, is an Internet language for disclosure of business reporting language. XBRL is the technological foundation for the interactive data mandate by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The mandate requires corporate filers to disclose data in quarterly and annual reports in XBL. A key building block supporting the mandate is a substantial U.S. GAAP XBRL taxonomy that encapsulates most of the reporting concepts found in financial reporting. Filers must align their existing reports to the taxonomy. The accuracy of mapping financial statement line items to the U.S. GAAP taxonomy is of fundamental importance. Mapping errors may be as simple as mapping to an incorrect taxonomy concept, which should be discovered during review. Ineffective mapping may lead to unnecessary extensions, which hinders comparability. This instructional resource guides students through the steps in mapping financial statement line items to the taxonomy. While the case does not require students to create an extended taxonomy, it does require completion of a spreadsheet detailing the mapping process that is typical of practice. In addition, the resource provides a checklist that users can refer to during the mapping process.

How Disclosing a Prior Cyberattack Influences the Efficacy of Cybersecurity Risk Management Reporting and Independent Assurance

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele L. Frank ◽  
Jonathan H. Grenier ◽  
Jonathan S. Pyzoha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Nonprofessional Investors ◽  
Reporting Framework ◽  
Reliability Enhancement ◽  
Management Reporting ◽  
A Company

ABSTRACT This paper provides evidence that the efficacy of voluntary cybersecurity risk management reporting and independent assurance, in terms of enhancing investment attractiveness, depends on whether a company has disclosed a prior cyberattack. Based on the voluntary disclosure literature, we predict and find that issuing the management component of the AICPA's cybersecurity reporting framework absent assurance is more effective when a company has not (versus has) disclosed a prior cyberattack, as nonprofessional investors are less likely to question the reliability of management's reporting. However, obtaining third party assurance of management's report provides a greater benefit for companies that have (versus have not) disclosed a prior cyberattack, as these companies benefit more from the reliability enhancement of assurance. Finally, we find it may be possible to enhance a company's investment attractiveness by issuing the independent assurance report by itself. Our results have implications for companies' cybersecurity risk management reporting and assurance decisions. Data Availability: Data are available upon request.

scholarly journals Financial Impact on the Accountability of Malaysian State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Rosnia Masruki ◽  
Khaled Hussainey ◽  
Doaa Aly
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Financial Characteristics

This paper aims to identify whether Malaysian State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRC) financial characteristics have a significant impact on the accountability of Malaysian State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRC). A content analysis approach was used to examine the extent and quality of disclosure in the annual reports of SIRC, indicating accountability of SIRCs. This paper used the self-developed disclosure index that applies specifically for SIRC. Multiple regression was used to examine the financial determinants of the extent and quality of disclosure. The result of the regression models revealed that the extent and quality of SIRC disclosure is influenced by organisational characteristic, namely size. This study suggests that disclosure in the annual report, in particular the non-financial performance, increases with the amount of zakat collection, thereby demonstrating SIRC’s responsibility. Next, the control variable of accessibility is found to be significantly related to financial statements. Obliged to produce financial statements, SIRC are more likely to disclose more information in the financial statements. This research finding has important implications for regulators, policy makers and top officials in SIRC, by monitoring the quality of disclosure, supporting the notion of public accountability, which appreciates the public’s right to get inform about SIRC. Despite the voluntary disclosure of a non-financial report, SIRC should consider producing a comprehensive annual report for the discharge of their accountability and thus, encourage more funding. They should be more transparent to enhance accessibility, concerning the extent and quality of the disclosure.

scholarly journals The Effect of IFRS Adoption on the Readability of Annual Reports: An Empirical Study of Indonesian Public Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Irfan Hidayatullah ◽  
Dyah Setyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Ifrs Adoption

This study aims to determine the effect of IFRS adoption on the readability of annual reports readability in Indonesia. The sample of this study includes 52 non-financial firms within a four-year period, from 2010-2011 and 2013-2014, with 208-year observations. Hypothesis testing is conducted by multiple linear regression analysis. This study provides evidence that IFRS adoption has significant and negative relationship with disclosure readability in Indonesian public companies. Implication of this study is IFRS adoption requires more sophisticated and/or more competent users of financial statements, measured by higher requirements of years of education needed to comprehend the disclosures.

Factors Associated with Companies' Choices of XBRL Implementation Strategies: Evidence from the U.S. Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Tien-Shih Hsieh ◽  
Zhihong Wang ◽  
Mohammad J. Abdolmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Business Reporting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Disclosure Management ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
Perceived Helpfulness

ABSTRACT This study investigates factors associated with public companies' choices of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) implementation strategies. These strategies include Disclosure Management Solution (DMS) versus Stand-Alone Solution (SAS), and outsourcing versus in-house XBRL implementation. Using survey data provided by the Financial Executive Research Foundation, we find that perceived helpfulness of educational resources and perceived difficulties with companies' reporting review process are positively related to the use of DMS. Concerns about XBRL compliance and perceived difficulties with companies' accounting processes are inversely related to the use of DMS. Moreover, advanced XBRL knowledge and perceived helpfulness of XBRL guidance materials are negatively related to the outsourcing of XBRL implementation. Finally, concerns about XBRL compliance and earnings announcement time lags are positively associated with the outsourcing of XBRL implementation. Our results provide guidance for policymakers in developing XBRL implementation policies and for XBRL service providers in designing XBRL solutions for their clients. JEL Classifications: M41. Data Availability: Contact data sources identified in the paper.

Interoperability of XBRL Financial Statements in the U.S.

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Zhu ◽  
Harris Wu
Keyword(s):  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Business Reporting ◽  
Data Elements ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The U.S

In the wake of the global financial crisis, a pressing need exists for improving investor friendliness, especially the transparency and interoperability of the financial statements of public companies. eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) and XBRL taxonomies can accomplish this objective. In the U.S., the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has mandated that all public companies must file their financial statements using XBRL and the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) taxonomy according to a phased-in schedule. Are the XBRL-based financial statements interoperable? This question is addressed by analyzing all of the annual XBRL financial statements filed to the SEC as of February 26, 2010. On average, 63% of data elements are not comparable between a pair of statements. The incomparability is partly caused by issues related to the GAAP taxonomy and misuse of the taxonomy by companies. The results have practical implications that will help improve the quality of financial data.

Another Piece of the “Expectations Gap”: What Do Investors Know About Auditor Involvement with Information in the Annual Report?

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. A17-A30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean C. Bedard ◽  
Steve G. Sutton ◽  
Vicky Arnold ◽  
Jillian R. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Audit Opinion ◽  
Nonprofessional Investors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Expectations Gap ◽  
Corporate Websites ◽  
Unmet Demand

SUMMARY The “expectations gap” refers to differences in views of auditors and users regarding the extent of assurance obtained from auditing procedures. One aspect of the expectations gap considered by prior research is whether users differentiate the level of assurance provided by different audit procedures. We extend that research by studying whether investors understand that information outside of the financial statements, in the 10-K as well as on corporate websites, is not audited. This research is important, as the Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board currently is considering proposals aimed at clarifying or expanding the auditor's responsibility for that information. We surveyed professional and nonprofessional investors, and find that professionals are more likely than nonprofessionals to correctly identify which 10-K components are audited. However, many investors in both groups believe that information outside of the financial statements is audited when in fact it is not. We also find some evidence that investors use certain information categories more often when they believe that the information is audited. Also, for both investor groups, responses concerning whether currently unaudited information categories should be audited suggest an unmet demand for greater assurance on information outside of the financial statements. Our results support proposals for greater clarity in the audit opinion concerning the nature of procedures performed on information outside of the financial statements. Further, our findings imply that additional assurance on that information might be considered useful.

scholarly journals Board structure and supplementary commentary on the primary financial statements

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venancio Tauringana ◽  
Musa Mangena
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Board Structure ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the extent and focus of supplementary narrative commentary (SNC) on amounts reported in the primary financial statements and board structure variables. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses the disclosure index methodology to measure the extent of SNC in annual reports of 167 FTSE 250 companies. Ordinary least squares regression analysis is employed to examine the association between the extent and focus of SNC and board structure variables. Findings – The findings show that the extent of SNC on amounts reported in the primary financial statements is about 30 per cent, suggesting that companies provide commentary on a small number of amounts reported in the financial statements. In terms of focus of SNC, companies provide greater SNC on amounts in the income statement relative to the balance sheet. The regression results indicate that the extent of SNC is negatively associated with board size, and positively associated with audit committee (AC) independence and financial expertise. Focus of SNC is negatively related to AC independence and finance expertise. Originality/value – The research contributes to both the voluntary disclosure and impression management literature streams. The findings provide evidence of the extent and focus of SNC on amounts in the financial statements. They also demonstrate that board structure variables are related to the extent and focus of SNC on amounts in primary financial statements. These findings have implications for policy makers who have responsibilities for ensuring that users of annual reports receive adequate information to make decisions.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LIKUIDITAS, SOLVABILITAS DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KETEPATAN WAKTU PENYAMPAIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI BEI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Jessica Carolina ◽  
Vargo Christian L. Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Public Companies

The timeliness of submitting financial statements is a rule that must be applied by all companies. Based on the Decree of the Chairperson of the Capital Market and Financial Institution Supervisors with number: KEP-431/BL/2012 stating that public companies that have effective registration must submit annual reports to BAPEPAM and LK no later than four months after the end of the financial year. This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, liquidity, solvency and firm size on the timeliness of financial statement submission. The population in this study is a consumer goods manufacturing sector manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample was selected as many as 21 companies using the purposive sampling method. The analytical method is logistic regression. The data used is secondary data obtained through the web.idx.id website in the form of annual financial statements for the periode 2013-2017. The results of the study were tested using the SPSS version 24 application which showed that partial profitability (ROA), liquidity (CR), solvency (DAR) dan company siz

scholarly journals The voluntary disclosure of the value added statement in annual reports of Italian listed companies

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 368-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ianniello
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
General Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The paper examines some of the theoretical issues regarding the publication of the value added statement as a voluntary disclosure in the process of accounting communication. The social and economic motivation to use value added reporting is linked to the general process of disclosing financial information in a certain business and cultural environment. In this framework, a question arises about the possible role of the value added statement as a way of accounting communication in the global economy. A survey of 211 published financial statements for the fiscal period 2003 of Italian listed companies shows that the publication of the value added statement in the annual reports is a marginal phenomenon. However, the industrial and services firms voluntarily present in their annual report and income statements rearranged to expose the (industrial) value added by only looking at the production perspective, with a possible interpretation in terms of cost efficiency.  

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