Are Cost-Plus Defense Contracts (Justifiably) Out of Favor?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Wang ◽  
Joseph G. San Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Defense Acquisition ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Fixed Price ◽  
Defense Contracts ◽  
Jel Classifications ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT A common tenet is that the use of cost-plus contracts contributes to cost overruns in the context of Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs). Accordingly, policy-makers express a preference for fixed-price contracts as opposed to cost-plus contracts. While fixed-price contracts may be superior in certain scenarios, such scenarios are limited in the MDAP context. We document three potential unintended negative consequences of fixed-price contracts. We argue that the notion that fixed-price contracts are better than cost-plus contracts for limiting cost overruns is misleading. JEL Classifications: G38; H57; M48.

The Impact of Economic Crisis on Tourism Industry: A Bangladesh Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Sustained Recovery ◽  
The Impact

The tourism sector is experiencing numerous challenges as a result of the global economic crisis. After a significant contraction in 2009, tourism rebounded strongly  in  2010  and  in  2011  the  international  tourist  arrivals  and  receipts  are projected to increase substantially. The Tourism industry is expected to show a sustained recovery in 2012. The crisis has particularly strong impact and slightly negative consequences in Bangladesh. The country is undergoing a political crisis, as well, and it seems that the forthcoming elections may be the only solution for the restoration of stability and social peace.  In addition, tourism can be the driving force behind Bangladesh economic recovery. However, for its achievement the country’s policy makers should take several measures towards restructuring and improving the sector. These measures include: enhancement of alternative forms of tourism; environmental protection; creation of quality infrastructure; and boost of competitiveness through a tourism product that offers value for money

The Impact Of Economic Crisis On Tourism Industry: A Bangladesh Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Md. Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Sustained Recovery ◽  
The Impact

The tourism sector is experiencing numerous challenges as a result of the global economic crisis. After a significant contraction in 2009, tourism rebounded strongly  in  2010  and  in  2011  the  international  tourist  arrivals  and  receipts  are projected to increase substantially. The Tourism industry is expected to show a sustained recovery in 2012. The crisis has particularly strong impact and slightly negative consequences in Bangladesh. The country is undergoing a political crisis, as well, and it seems that the forthcoming elections may be the only solution for the restoration of stability and social peace.  In addition, tourism can be the driving force behind Bangladesh economic recovery. However, for its achievement the country’s policy makers should take several measures towards restructuring and improving the sector. These measures include: enhancement of alternative forms of tourism; environmental protection; creation of quality infrastructure; and boost of competitiveness through a tourism product that offers value for money

Unexpected Consequences: The Effects on Non-Accelerated Filers of an Accelerated Filing Deadline and SOX Section 404

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
Bei Dong ◽  
Stefanie L. Tate ◽  
Le Emily Xu
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Section 404 ◽  
Auditor Change ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Allocation Decisions ◽  
Jel Classifications ◽  
Resource Allocation Decisions

SYNOPSIS Regulations implemented by the SEC in 2003 and 2004 simultaneously shortened the financial statement filing deadlines and increased the time required for both the preparation of financial statements and the related audit of accelerated filers (AFs). However, there were indirect, unintended negative consequences for companies not subject to the regulations, namely, non-accelerated filers (NAFs). The new regulations imposed strains on auditor resources requiring auditors to make resource allocation decisions that negatively affected NAFs. We find that NAFs with an auditor who had a high proportion of AF clients (high-AF) had longer audit delays after the regulations were implemented than NAFs of an auditor with a low proportion of AF clients (low-AF). Further, we document that NAFs with high-AF auditors were more likely to change auditors than NAFs with low-AF auditors. Finally, NAFs that switched to auditors with less AFs experienced shorter audit delays after the auditor change. JEL Classifications: M42; M48.

scholarly journals Students' Beliefs about Willingness to Access Complementary and Alternative Therapies (CAT) Training for Future Integration into Psychology Practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Ann M. Wilson ◽  
Kyra Hamilton ◽  
Katherine M. White
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Therapies ◽  
Important Others ◽  
Future Practice ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

It is suggested that all psychologists gain basic training in the types of complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) their clients may be using. As psychology students are the next cohort of health professionals who will inform future initiatives in the field, it is important to understand the factors which influence their decisions about CAT integration. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, we investigated the beliefs that differentiate between psychology students who are high or low on willingness to access training in CAT for future practice use. Undergraduate psychology students () completed a questionnaire assessing the likelihood of positive and negative consequences of accessing training and utilizing CAT within a psychological practice, important others’ approval, and barriers preventing them from this integration behavior. Those students higher on willingness were more likely to endorse positive outcomes (e.g., offering a more holistic approach to therapy) of accessing CAT training for future practice use and to believe that important others (e.g., clients) would support this behavior. A regression analysis examining the relative importance of these belief sets broadly supported the belief-based analyses. These beliefs of student psychologists can inform educators and policy makers about CAT training and integration in psychology practice.

scholarly journals Do Terrorists Win? Rebels' Use of Terrorism and Civil War Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Page Fortna
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
War Outcomes ◽  
Better Than

AbstractHow effective is terrorism? This question has generated lively scholarly debate and is of obvious importance to policy-makers. However, most existing studies of terrorism are not well equipped to answer this question because they lack an appropriate comparison. This article compares the outcomes of civil wars to assess whether rebel groups that use terrorism fare better than those who eschew this tactic. I evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of terrorism relative to other tactics used in civil war. Because terrorism is not a tactic employed at random, I first briefly explore empirically which groups use terrorism. Controlling for factors that may affect both the use of terrorism and war outcomes, I find that although civil wars involving terrorism last longer than other wars, terrorist rebel groups are generally less likely to achieve their larger political objectives than are nonterrorist groups. Terrorism may be less ineffective against democracies, but even in this context, terrorists do not win.

Building a Conceptual Framework for Defense Acquisition Management Based on Service Dominant Logic Theory

2017 ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Andreas H. Glas ◽  
Michael Essig
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Defense Acquisition ◽  
Service Dominant Logic ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
Dominant Logic ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Acquisition Management ◽  
The Military

Defense acquisition is an under-researched topic of high economic, political and practical relevance, as defense acquisition typically faces recurring problems of time and cost overruns as well as performance shortfalls over the life-cycle of major weapon systems. These challenges are analyzed using the case of the German Bundeswehr. An abductive research process is applied and findings are merged with Service-Dominant-Logic (SDL) theory. The findings are used to develop a service-based understanding of defense acquisition management, what might support the further empirical analysis of influence factors and constructs. While a product-centric focus on defense acquisition fades out important relations and interdependencies between industry and the military /defense acquisition, the developed nine premises may provide a more integrative view on the military-industrial co-creation of superior military capabilities.

Does a Rubber Baseline Guarantee Cost Overruns on Defense Acquisition Contracts?

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Christensen ◽  
James A. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Defense Acquisition ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Defense Contract ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Contract Type ◽  
The Stability

A common assertion in defense literature is that an unstable budget baseline contributes to cost overruns on defense acquisition contracts. Using cost performance data from over 400 defense acquisition contracts, we tested this assertion. The stability of the baseline was characterized by the number of significant changes to the budget, and by a statistical measure of the baseline's variability, the coefficient of variation. Cost performance was characterized by cost and schedule performance indices. Using 2 statistical methods, we found no significant relationships between baseline instability and cost overruns. Further, these results were insensitive to the managing service, the buying activity, and the contract type. Changes on a defense contract are not compelling rationale for cost overruns. Other possible causal factors should be more closely examined. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense of the U.S. government.

Behavioral Inhibition of the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) When Exposed to Commercial Equine Fly Repellents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth V Tuorinsky ◽  
Erika T Machtinger
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Control Method ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Horse Owners ◽  
Better Than

Abstract House flies can have negative consequences on the welfare of horses and other equids. Fly repellents in the form of on-animal sprays, wipes, or spot-ons are the most commonly used fly control method for horses. Many products are available, but repellent efficacy and duration of effectiveness may influence repellent choice by horse owners. A better understanding of the efficacy of common fly repellent products will help guide repellent selection to reduce fly pressure on horses. To evaluate commercially available repellents, house fly behavioral inhibition after application of three products marketed as natural (Ecovet, Equiderma, and Outsmart) and four with synthetic pyrethroids as active ingredients (Bronco, Endure, UltraShield, and Optiforce) was compared at 100, 50, and 25% concentration and at 15, 30, 60, 240, 1,440, and 2,880 min. Time and product were significant at all tested concentrations. The natural products performed as well as or better than the synthetic products at all dilutions and times. Ecovet in particular retained over 75% inhibition of flies for >1 d at the 100 and 50% concentrations. Differences were seen among products with pyrethroids, suggesting that formulation differences significantly affect efficacy. Cost and application suggestions are discussed, and these results will aid horse owners in selecting fly repellents to meet their individual needs.

scholarly journals The dangerous ineffectiveness of negative interest rates: the case of Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Negative Interest Rates ◽  
The Real Estate Market ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Better Than

This paper argues that the negative interest rate adopted by the Swiss National Bank in 2015 has elicited a series of negative consequences across the Swiss economy. It has led an increasing number of agents to invest their savings in the real-estate market, whose prices have overheated, threatening the eruption of a housing crisis. It has also induced a number of financial institutions to turn to riskier businesses in an attempt to continue to earn some returns, thereby increasing financial fragility at systemic level. The paper suggests that a small Tobin tax on all Swiss-franc purchases may contribute to the support of domestic economic activities much better than negative rates of interest.

Mitigating Choice Overload: An Experiment in the U.S. Beer Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 48-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trey Malone ◽  
Jayson L. Lusk
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Choice Overload ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Search Cost ◽  
Market Interactions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Jel Classifications

AbstractThis study tests the prevalence of choice overload (CO) in the U.S. beer market. We reveal that even if CO exists, sellers have mechanisms to reduce CO's negative consequences. The article describes the implementation of search cost-reducing private nudges (i.e., product quality scores and prominently listed specials) sellers commonly utilize to minimize CO's negative consequences. Our results suggest that, while CO exists for some buyers, it can be eliminated by market interactions on the part of the seller. (JEL Classifications: C93, D03, Q13)

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