Management of Drug Interactions between Anti-infectives and Common Anesthetics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McLaughlin ◽  
James Schurr ◽  
Craig A Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Key Words ◽  
The Body ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Antiinfective Agents

Interactions between various medications can lead to changes in the expected response of one or more of those medications. Drug interactions can be pharmacokinetic (altered absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of the medication) or pharmacodynamic (alterations based on similarities or differences in the mechanisms of medications with respect to their effect on the body). Although drug interactions exist in many specialties in medicine, this chapter focuses on those that affect the responses of common anesthetic agents or drugs given with those agents. While anesthesiologists monitor objective measures and titrate many medications to the desired effect, understanding and anticipating drug interactions can help reduce unexpected effects of medications. This review contains 2 figures, 4 tables and 36 references  Key words: anesthetic agents, antiinfective agents, drug interactions, mechanism, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics

Extase scopique, sédimentation langagičre et inscription corporelle. Les images dans la civilisation contemporaine

PARADIGMI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Wunenburger
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Image Informatics

- Linguistic Sedimentation, and Bodily Inscription At present, we are exposed to an excessive offer of images, which raises a problem of assimilation. Subjects are increasingly passive, in ways that can border on pathological conditions. Yet, it is not so much a question of condemning this situation as of finding a way of re-symbolizing images, saving them from mere contemplation and inserting them in a process of contextualisation. Such a process requires an understanding of the role of the body and of the incorporation of images along the lines of Bachelard's intuition of the "resisting" nature of images. This raises the possibility of an education to images suited to the present age.Key words: Alienation, Education, Embodiment, Image, Informatics, Symbolisation.Parole chiave: Alienazione, Educazione, Immagine, Incorporazione, Informatica, Simbolizzazione.

Pharmacological profile of antihistamines: focus on unwanted drug interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Dukhanin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Luminal Membrane ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Specific Affinity ◽  
Histamine H1 Receptors

Differences between individual antihistamines are determined by such pharmacokinetic properties as the rate and completeness of absorption, half-life, the participation of hepatic and renal mechanisms of elimination from the body. Pharmacodynamic features of the antihistamine include selectivity and affinity for histamine H1-receptors and the presence of central effects. The mechanisms of the development of unwanted drug interactions with second-generation antihistamines are analyzed in detail. Three levels of interaction have been identified: 1) hepatic enzymes of the P450 system; 2) membrane carriers of organic anions (OATP) transport proteins on the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes and the luminal membrane of the epithelium of the proximal nephron tubule; 3) P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1-protein) of epithelial cells of the small intestine the area of absorption of oral forms of antihistamines, the epithelium of the proximal tubule and the BBB (blood-brain barrier). The emphasis is made on the description of the dependence of the pharmacological profile of antihistamines on its chemical structure. The elasticity of the bilastine molecule, the ability to induce a change in conformation underlies the high complementarity of bilastine to the recognition site of the H1-receptor which is a high affinity. Experimental evaluation confirms this conclusion: the dissociation constant (Dс) of the bilastin-receptor complex is in the nM concentration range. The bilastine molecule, as a representative of antihistamines with zwitterionic properties, carries both a positive and a negative charge at a physiological pH, making it difficult for its penetration into the brain. The peculiarities of the chemical nature of the bilastine molecule are reflected in the specific pharmacological profile of AGP. In vitro studies have shown a high specific affinity of bilastine for H1-receptors with a very low affinity for other histamine receptors (H2, H3, H4), serotonin, bradykinin, muscarinic and adrenergic receptors). According to this indicator, bilastine is 3 times higher than cetirizine and 5 times higher than fexofenadine. Bilastine is practically not metabolized in the body and is excreted mainly unchanged, and also does not have a cardiotoxic effect. Bilastine is well tolerated; as a therapeutic dose it has a less pronounced sedative potential compared to other second-generation antihistamines.

Oligophrenia associated with various pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (07) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Afat Afar Israfilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Effect

The causes of pathology are different. There are various inherited genetic disorders of the body, which are metabolic disorders, chromosome deficiency leads to various pathologies. Other factors have a negative effect on embryonic pathogenesis in the intrauterine stage. As a result, the baby does not develop properly in the womb. Key words: Pathology, physical illness, infection, mental retardation

Pregnancy and velvet

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
Sevinc Nadir qızı Kerimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Key Words Pregnancy ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Rubella Infection

The main prevention of rubella infection during pregnancy is to be vaccinated against this disease in preparation for pregnancy. Before you decide to get vaccinated against rubella, you need to have a special laboratory test to detect antibodies to the rubella virus in your blood to check if you are immune to this infection. The fact is that in some cases it is impossible to determine whether you are sick with rubella. Because in many cases, the disease can be latent or with a very limited number of symptoms, in which case, naturally, the body develops specific antibodies against the virus. Doctors believe that in this case, the body's immune response will be strengthened. It is recommended that the velvet vaccine be given at least 3 months before the planned date of pregnancy. Key words: pregnancy, rubella, fetus, infection

Anesthesia

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Wesley N. Sivak ◽  
Erica L. Sivak ◽  
Kenneth C. Shestak
Keyword(s):  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Optimal Experience ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Effective Care

Regional anesthesia, or rendering only a targeted part of the body anesthetized, has numerous benefits for both the surgeon and patient. Local anesthetic agents are essential to create and maintain regional blockades, and detailed knowledge of these agents is essential to providing safe and effective care. This chapter begins with review of the basic pharmacology, indications, and contraindications for the use of regional anesthesia. Numerous specific blockades used to anesthetize distinct regions of the body are reviewed with specific focus on anatomy and technique. When safely performed, regional anesthesia can provide an optimal experience for both surgeon and patient.

scholarly journals Testing for Ketoprofen Binding to HSA Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles under Normal Conditions and after Oxidative Stress

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ziegler-Borowska ◽  
Kinga Mylkie ◽  
Pawel Nowak ◽  
Patryk Rybczynski ◽  
Adam Sikora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
Drug Binding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Drug ◽  
Universal Method

Binding and transport of ligands is one of the most important functions of human blood serum proteins. Human serum albumin is found in plasma at the highest concentration. Because of this, it is important to study protein–drug interactions for this albumin. Since there is no single model describing this interaction, it is necessary to measure it for each active substance. Drug binding should also be studied in conditions that simulate pathological conditions of the body, i.e., after oxidative stress. Due to this, it is expected that the methods for testing these interactions need to be easy and fast. In this study, albumin immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles was successfully applied in the study of protein–drug binding. Ketoprofen was selected as a model drug and interactions were tested under normal conditions and artificially induced oxidative stress. The quality of obtained results for immobilized protein was confirmed with those for free albumin and literature data. It was shown that the type of magnetic core coverage does not affect the quality of the obtained results. In summary, a new, fast, effective, and universal method for testing protein–drug interactions was proposed, which can be performed in most laboratories.

scholarly journals Chondrolipoma of tongue

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Goel ◽  
UN Khadilkar ◽  
S Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rare Variant ◽  
The Body

Although lipomas can occur in any part of the body, they are found infrequently in the oral cavity. Variants of lipoma have been described according to the type of tissue present; a lipoma with cartilaginous metaplasia is a chondrolipoma which is a rare variant. We describe a chondrolipoma of tongue in a 36 year old lady. Key words: Tongue, Chondrolipoma doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i4.1745     Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 24, 505-507

Evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and drug interactions of elsulfavirine in healthy volunteers and patients with liver disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
A.V. Kravchenko ◽  
◽  
R.Yu. Arsienko ◽  
V.N. Azarova ◽  
A.V. Pokrovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Class A

Key words: elsulfavirine, pharmacokinetics, class A and B liver cirrhosis, rifampicin, rifabutin

DEFINITION OF AN OBJECTIVE CRITERION OF BODY PHOSPHORUS RESERVES IN CATTLE AND ITS EVALUATION IN VIVO

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. LITTLE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Objective Criterion ◽  
Endosteal Surface ◽  
Osteoid Tissue ◽  
Definition Of

Phosphorus concentration in total fresh ribs is a sensitive criterion of the body phosphorus reserves. It may be estimated from: (a) measurement, on a biopsy sample of the 12th rib, of thicknesses of compact bone and osteoid tissue on the endosteal surface, or (b) the ratio of cortical bone area: total area, calculated from midshaft dimensions of the metacarpal or metatarsal. Key words: Cattle, phosphorus reserves, status, bone

A new Harposporium with triangular conidia attacking bdelloid rotifers

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1284-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Barron ◽  
E. Szijarto
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bdelloid Rotifers

Harposporium trigonosporum is described as new. After ingestion by rotifers, the traingular conidia lodge any place between the mouth and the anus but most frequently in the lower gut. A filiform germination hypha develops from each corner of the conidium and penetrates through the gut wall into the body cavity of the host. The host frequently responds to this invasion by laying down deposits around the advancing germ tube that sometimes causes the germinating conidium to abort. More frequently a germination hypha breaks through the host deposits at one or more of the three points of attack and proliferates inside the body, resulting in the death of the rotifer. Key words: Harposporium, endoparasite, rotifer.

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